Delta T Mitigation Strategies Tested on MIT Hayden AHU s. Outline
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1 Delta T Mitigation Strategies Tested on MIT Hayden AHU s Outline Chilled Water T Study AHU Coil Overview Cooling Overview Test Setup Data Analysis Findings Summary Julio Londoño, Belimo Americas 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
2 Hayden Library Case Study 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
3 MIT Savings goal by eliminating causes of low Delta T (30,000 Ton Plant) Component Recommend implementing chilled water delta T improvement projects across the campus. Annual Energy Savings Annual Cost Savings Chiller Steam 10,887 Mlbs $181, Chiller Electric 2,576,000 kwh $412, CHW Pump Electric 2,334,000 kwh $373, CW Pump Electric 2,417,000 kwh $387, CT Fan Electric 740,000 kwh $118, TOTAL SAVINGS $1,471, % 100% 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
4 MIT Chilled Water System Peak Load 26,000 tons * From 2008 Chilled Water Delta T Study 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
5 Cooling Energy GPM Tons T 24 Flow & ΔT are inversely proportional; for a given load, as flow increases, ΔT drops Flow T 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
6 The Coil Causes of Low T Overflowing the coil Control valves oversized Improper balancing Non-dynamic balancing Dirty or fouled coils etc. 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
7 Typical Chilled Water System System Data Chiller #1 Load = 90% Chiller #2 Load = 0% Loop Flow = 360 GPM Chiller ΔT = 12 F 42 CHWS 180 Ton Load (45%) CHWR 54 Increase flow by 15% VFD Pump Chiller 200 tons 90% Load VFD Pump Chiller 200 tons Design: 400 Ton CHW 12 ΔT 360 GPM Loop Flow 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
8 Typical Chilled Water System System Data Chiller #1 Load = 45% Chiller #2 Load = 45% Loop Flow = 414 GPM Chiller ΔT = 10.4 F 42 CHWS 180 Ton Load (45%) CHWR 52.4 Increase flow by 15% An additional pump and chiller were started to meet the flow demand, not cooling demand! Design: 400 Ton CHW 12 ΔT VFD Pump VFD Pump Chiller 200 tons 45% Load Chiller 200 tons 45% Load 414 GPM Loop Flow 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
9 Cooling Energy GPM Tons T 24 Flow & ΔT are inversely proportional; for a given load, as flow increases, ΔT drops You have to run your central plant to supply the building s need for water, not it s need for cooling! If flow is increased by 15%, Delta T is lowered by 13%! 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
10 Charles Hayden Library Case Study Issues Coil T reported as 6 Degree F Over pumping Low DeltaT Syndrome at Chiller Plant 6 AHU units, 153,000 sq-ft 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
11 Case Study Setup Data Internet Ethernet AI DDC 54F T Rw 42F T Sw Chilled Water is designed to run through a coil at a designed temperature drop to supply air conditioned cooling air and to de-humidify. i.e. Water Delta T=12 degrees F. 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
12 Belimo Energy Valve The Energy Valve is a pressure independent control valve that optimizes, documents and proves water coil performance. Actuator Magnetic Flow sensor Valve Temperature Sensors (for supply & return water) 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
13 AHU-6 Power Curve: July 4, 2011 (data is PI valve function only) 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
14 AHU-6 T Curve: July 4, 2011 (data is PI valve function only) 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
15 AHU-6 Power & T Curve: July 4, 2011 (data is PI valve function only) 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
16 Definitions Power Saturation Point Point beyond which coil cannot yield additional heat transfer regardless of increased flow. Waste Zone Range beyond the Power Saturation Point. 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
17 Power Saturation & Waste Zone 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
18 Energy Valve Delta-T Manager Waste Zone 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
19 Pump Savings Example 24% flow savings = 56% energy savings ΔT Pump flow Savings = ( )/56.6 = 24% Mechanical Energy Savings =1-((1-.24) power 3) =56% Pump = (56 = 24% ΔT Curve 12.57, , T Flow [GPM ] 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
20 Hours Delta T Manager Active (Summer 2011) New right-sized T 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
21 Hayden Whole Building Results 2011 vs Flow 8/9-10/ F T 8/9-10/ F T 6 AHU units, 153,000 sq-ft From whole building meters, Metering data PI archive Tonsx24/GPM= Weighted Average Delta T 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
22 Case Study Findings 1. The Delta-T limiting is especially effective on coils that display power saturation 2. Overall reduction of chilled water flow 3. Significant energy savings are realized in mechanical pumping energy with Delta-T Manger Typically >25% less flow when Delta-T Manager is activated Some days overflow is a factor 2x, which results in pump energy savings on the order of 50%. 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
23 Belimo Energy Valve Technical Summary Maximize coil performance Monitor savings at the coil level Documented commissioning of coil 13 month data archive 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
24 Thank You 16 March 2012 CMX CIPHEX
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