496 < 31 = U$Z 2-4 b ;,,$Z XW [10], 0 %& G N > [11], A S ; 7 0, a [12] ;%&23>R E $ Menzel [7] # $ Z S K % &, 2 5 ~ 6 7d / \ ;^> \Y] 0 1 \ [1

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Grant Hubbard
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1 (Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology) 2010,31(4): doi: / j. issn <=>?@A*"BCDE / 1 1, 1,! " 2 (1,-,, ;2 Ya L %&',, ) #$: \Y]Y (Salix babylonica L. ) T (Hibiscus syriacus L. ) (Robinica pseudoacacia L. ) (Firmiana platanifolia(linn. f. )Marsili)4 ; $Z 0 LM( ), [ \ c, 4 ; ]^ < _ J`TU,4 ;T $Z, EX W, 6 E Z;$Z _ > 2-4, cy] _(40 ~ 60d)H, c(10 ~ 40d);$Z ]^ _ b ;;, c(3 3 ~ 9. 0d / ),c(1 6 ~ 5 6d / ) $Z 01 \ \Y]T/Y %&':T ;$Z ;01 ; ;]^ Sensitivity of Leaf Unfolding Date for Woody Plant to Temperature Variability in Spring in China s Eastern Monsoonal Region XIE Ying ying 1,LU Pei ling 1,YU Qiang 2 (1 College of Forest,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing ,China;2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing ) Abstract:The sensitivity and sensitive periods of leaf unfolding dates of woody plant to climate change in China s east ern monsoonal region were analyzed. Four tree species (Salix babylonica L.,Hibiscus syriacus L.,Robinica pseud oacacia L.,Firmiana platanifolia (Linn. f. )Marsili)in China s different sites for variation of leaf unfolding dates in response to variability of temperature in spring were investigated. Phenological and meteorological data from 1963 to 1988 were examined using unitary correlation. The results showed that leaf unfolding dates became significantly earlier and the interannual variation increased with the latitude. The periods during February and April were the significant sensitive periods of leaf unfolding dates to temperature in spring,which were shorter in the north area (10-40 days) and longer in the south area (40-60 days). The correlations between leaf unfolding dates and spring temperature were significantly negative. The sensitivities of leaf unfolding dates to temperature in the south area ( days / )were higher than that in the north area ( days / ). The sensitivities of leaf unfolding dates to cli mate change were different for specific species and different regions. Key words:woody plant;leaf unfolding date;climate change;sensitivity;spring Temperature 0 ^ `a, b c ; _ [1] (, 0 >. / 0 1,> 0 1 X \, 0 1 M J./?@ [2] Q R%&#/,> Y], 0 1 A, T < [3 6] ]^ 0 XW]^ N 9: ; [1,7 8] ( 40a,4Y 0 6] ^ 6 NU ; [9] VW,QR ;%& 7 0 Chmielewski b "# ; $ Z S K % &, D : E mail:qiang. yu@ uts. edu. au H()V: H((UMRF200605) 23:Y ( ),7,,,%&c 001 E mail:xieyingying3@ 163. com

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5 < 4 Y b: ^ 0]T $Z ]^ G 2 4 Y?@A*"BCDPQL>E / 1 ; ( (d / ) r p ; ( (d / ) r p Y = < , < < < V < V < < < T, , V < V < < < < b 3 8 ~ 5 6d / 2 0 ~ 2 4d / 2 1 ~ 3 7d / 1 6 ~ 5 6d / > c Y ], b 4 8 ~ 8 0d / 3 3 ~ 7 2d / 3 8 ~ 9 0d / 3 7 ~ 6 3d / (T 2) T Y, c Y ] T $ Z ] ^ 1, c R, \ > \ Y ] N ' \, ; 5, \ Y ] ] ^ \,,cy] $Z XW 5, cy ] $ Z X W,, c $ Z, ] ^ 0 ) 1 ` > Y ] [20],. 0 N ;, \Y] 1 ` N; ;% & X Y,cY] ] ^ c [23],,E, c $ Z ) 1 N S %& 3 ] ^] (1) ^ ] $ Z, D E XW, 6 E Z b [24] 0 Ya ( %&J` % & N 3 < $Z, 0 A Pa [9] 3 b Y a P 7D b, 0 1, 0 AO %& (2) $ Z _ >, c Y], > 3-4,> c Y ] H, > 2-3, A _ \ > \ Y]N \ _,T/K 1,> 0 _, A ; ^ 7'>Y]0 ( [11] _ A, A / b [25] _ \ #/ ]^ 0, c( 0 _ 0, _ 0 _ A _, UK ;, T _ 0$% 0 N, 1 N (3) ^ ] $ Z ] ^ _ b ;;,,$Z XW, a $Z c(3 3 ~ 9 0d / ), c(1 6 ~ 5 6d / ) " # Y ] [7], $Z 6, 0 ( 7 $Z 8@ H^, ]^ 9: ; $Z 0 %&, E 01 H^ 1 ] ^ E, X R, \ 01 a ; 7 O, ; [26], \ ; a \; [27], 1 M,S ; J [28],

6 500 < 31 = 0 S O %&, KD< 01, X F X 89:;: [1]Walther GR,Post E,Convey P,et al. Ecological responses to recent climate change[j]. Nature,2002,146: [2]c../ : 0 1 [M]., -: b Y, Y,2000:8 15. [3] ].,-]^ T 0 Ya%&,1983,2(2): [4] ]. 01 T 0 a V,1995,50(5): [J]. [J]. Y [5],, [. 01 JV [J].,- V,2004,26(4): [6]Doia H,Katano I. Phenological timings of leaf budburst with climate change in Japan[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteor ology,2008,148: [7]Menzel A. Plant Phenological anomalies in Germany and their relation to air temperature and NAO[J]. Climatic Change, 2003,57: [8]Lu P L,Yu Q,Liu H D,et al. Effects of changes in spring temperature on flowering dates of woody plants across China [J]. Botanical Studies,2006,47(2): [9],.,D 8. 0 ( [J]. V,2002,47(20): [10]Chmielewski F M,Rotzer T. Response of tree phenology to cli mate change across Europe[J]. Agric. For. Meteorol,2001, 108: [11]Vitasse Y,Delzon S,Dufrene E,et al. Leaf phenology sensi tivity to temperature in European trees:do within species populations exhibit similar responses?[j]agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,149: [12]Schleip C,Rais A,Menzel A. Bayesian analysis of tempera ture sensitivity of plant phenology in Germany[J]. Agricul tural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149: [13]Walther G R. Plants in a warmer world[j]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology,Evolution and Systematics,2003,6(3): [14]Morin X,Lechowicz M J,Augspurger C,et al. Leaf phenol ogy in 22 North American tree species during the 21 st century [J]. Global Change Biology,2009,15: [15] Y a % & '. V(1 11) [M].,-: Y,1992. [16], ] [J]. 1,2007,35(3): [17] >,&, ]U,b , 01 Q 7? % &[J]. V,2008, 24(5): [18] -. 0 [J]., 1996,3(4): [19],),/,b. ( 40 = ] ^ 0./ 0 1 ; [J]. 7 8,2008,27 (9): [20]J,. 01 < [J]. ]Ya,2007,30(4): [21],.,,b. ( 150, - ] ^ 0 01 [J].,2005,26(3): [22]Menzel A. Trends in phenological phases in Europe between 1951 and 1996[J]. Int. J. Biometeorol,2000,44: [23]V,,,b. 01 8NUVW(I): 01 I J < E [J]. 0 1 % & S $,2006,2(1):3 8. [24],.,. ( %&[J].,2003,24(1): [25]/, ]. ( 50, - ] ^ [J].,2001,22(1):1 5. [26]Willis C G,Ruhfel B,Primack R B,et al. Phylogenetic pat terns of species loss in Thoreau s woods are driven by cli mate change[j]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci ences of the United States of America, 2008, 105: [27]Penuelas J,Filella I. Phenology Response to a warming world[j]. Science,2001,294: [28]Penuelas J,Filella I,Comas P. Changed plant and animal life cycles from 1952 to 2000 in the Mediterranean region [J]. Global Change Biology,2002,(8):

Attribution of Estonian phyto-, ornitho- and ichtyophenological trends with parameters of changing climate

Attribution of Estonian phyto-, ornitho- and ichtyophenological trends with parameters of changing climate Rein Ahas*, Anto Aasa, Institute of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise st 46, Tartu, 51014,