ifboaov ollc pakta MAofA ab AiClBAÇA ABBbvI AiClBAÇAI mlotrdai
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1 Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Jery Jasieńko (ed) 2012 DWE, Wrocław, Poland, ISSN , ISBN ifboaov ollc pakta MAofA ab AiClBAÇA ABBbvI AiClBAÇAI mlotrdai João Appleton N, Vasco Appleton O, Ana Aquino P, Margarida Ferreira da Rocha 4 ABpToACT qhiséaéerdescribestheãainstagesçftherehabilitatiçnwçrkscarriedçutinthelibraryrççfçfthe pantajariadealcçbaçaabbeyinalcçbaçaimçrtugal.qhiscçãélexdatesbacktçtheno th century andhasundergçneseveralexéansiçnsandinterventiçnsthrçughçuttheyears.qhelibraryibuiltinthe NT th centuryicçãérisesnuãerçuskeywçrksregardingnatiçnalhistçry. Besidestheãainbuilding srççfiwithanareaçfaéérçxiãately4u NPã²Itheinterventiçnalsçincluded thesçuthernwingçfthelibrary sclçistereclaustrçdçoachadçirçfandthetransitiçntçthesacristy.qhe érevailingãaterialsinthesebçdiesareãasçnryandstçneãasçnryinwallsandtiãberinrççfs. qhecçreançãaliesçbservedinthebuildingwereãainlycçnsequenceçftheéresenceçfwaterinthe rççfiasinfiltratiçnsandãçisturestainsibrçwnrçtandattackçftiãbereleãentsithelattercausedby xylçéhagçusinsects.bxcessivedeflectiçnswerealsçdetectediwhichãighthaveledtçthecçllaéseçf thestructuresinthelçngrun. qheãaininterventiçnscarriedçutincludedstrengtheningçfthetiãberrççfstructurewithnew suééçrtandbracingeleãentsirecçnstructiçnçftiebeaãsnearthesuééçrtsandstrengtheningçf cçnnectiçnsbetweentiãbereleãents.jçreçveriseverelydegradedeleãentswerereélaced. BesidestheserehabilitatiçnérçceedingsItheinterventiçnalsçcçãérisedthecçnstructiçnçfnewrççf structuresibçthfçrthesçuthernwingçfthelibrary sclçisterandthetransitiçntçthesacristyiandthe creatiçnçfawalkwaytçallçwãaintenanceaccesstçtherççfstructureandtheceilingélasterwçrks. Keywords: Alcobaça, Cister, Timber, Eurocode 5, Rehabilitation N. fktolarctflk qhelibraryislçcatedinthepantajariadealcçbaçaabbeyiinalcçbaçaimçrtugaliwhçsegenesis datesbacktçtheno th century.ftstartedhasasãallcistercianabbeythathasundergçneseveral extensiçnsandinterventiçnsthrçughçuttiãeibecçãingthelargestandbyfartheãçstiãéçrtantin thecçuntry.tiththeadventçférintingiãçnasteriesrequiredadditiçnalséacetçstçreexéanding cçllectiçnsçfbççksiwhichlediinthiscaseitçthecçnstructiçnçfthelibrarybuilding.ftsãainbçdy hasanareaçfaéérçxiãately4u NPã O Iandcçntainsseveralkeywçrksinthecçntextçfthehistçry çfmçrtugalxn.cigurenéresentsthelçcatiçnçfthereferredareaswithintheabbey. qhisrehabilitatiçnérçjectregardstherestçratiçnçfthelibraryrççfecigureofiaswellasinterventiçnsin thesçuthernwingçfthelibrary sclçistereclaustrçdçoachadçirçfandthetransitiçntçthesacristy. qheérevailingãaterialsinthesebçdiesareãasçnryandstçneãasçnryinwallsandtiãberinrççfs. O. Teb obeabfiftatflk molgbct O.N. mreservation state anç first Çesign solutions thentherehabilitatiçnwçrksstartedithelibraryrççfshçwedsçãecçnsequencesçftheéresenceçf waterwithinthestructureiãainlyinfiltratiçnsandãçisturestains. N CivilbngineerIAOmCçnsultIjçaç.aééletçn]aOé.ét O CivilbngineerIAOmCçnsultIvascç.aééletçn]aOé.ét P CivilbngineerIAOmCçnsultIana.aquinç]aOé.ét 4 CivilbngineerIAOmCçnsultIãargarida.rçcha]aOé.ét NVSV
2 cig. N içcatiçnçfthelibraryeinredfwithinthe Abbey cig. O lverviewçfthelibraryanditsrççf befçretheinterventiçniwithvisibledeflectiçns EsçurceWdççglejaésF qheseleadtçthedecayçftiãbereleãentsieséeciallynearthesuééçrtsçfthewççdentrussesinthe façadeibutalsçinthecladdingsuééçrteleãentsisuchascçããçnraftersanddust-cçatrççfsysteã. jçreçverithereweresignsçfbrçwnrçtandattackçftiãbereleãentsithelattercausedby xylçéhagçusinsectsecigurepf. qheexistingstructurealsçéresentedexcessivedeflectiçnsiwhichãighthaveledtçthecçllaéseçfthe structuresinthelçngrun.qhesewereduetçcreeééhençãenaandnaturaldeteriçratiçnçfthetiãber eleãentsçvertheyearsecigure4fibutalsçduetçadditiçnallçadsérçvidedbythefurther intrçductiçnçfsecçndaryeleãentsbelçwtherççf. cig. PaecayçfthetiãbereleãentsnearthesuééçrtI cig. 4oççfstructurebefçretheinterventiçn duetçbrçwnrçtandxylçéhagçusattack qhisrehabilitatiçnérçjectdatesbacktçommp.qhenithelackçfinfçrãatiçnregardingtheinteriçr structuresitheiractualcçnditiçnandtheuncertaintiesabçuttheexactãaterialérçéertiesledtçaãçre interventiveandstructurally viçlent designiinvçlvingérçfçundinterventiçns.qhesecriteriaresulted inveryrçbuststructureswhichwçuldhavehaãéeredsçãewalkways. O.O. mreliminary works anç mechanical characteriation of the structural elements qhestartçfthecçnstructiçnwçrksiwiththereãçvalçfsçãecçatingsandfullaccesstçthecçre structuresallçwedthethçrçughçbservatiçnçfthecçnditiçnçftheeleãentsitheirérçéertiesand geçãetry. qheexistingrççftrussesideéictedincigureriarebelievedtçdatebacktçthelatens th IearlyNT th centuryiandtheirgeçãetryanddetailingsuggestthattheyãayhavebeendesignedbyciliééçqerii anftalianãilitaryengineeriauthçrçfthepãçoçquechurchrççfiniisbçniçrçneçfhiséuéils. qherççfiscçãéçsedçfnoãaintiãbertrussesi4.mmãaéartiwithtwçãainrafterseachiéurlinsand cçããçnraftersthatsuééçrtedadust-cçatandrççftiles.belçwtheseiatiãberfraãewçrksuééçrts thestuccçwçrksthatgarnishthelibrary sarchedceiling. qhetiebeaãsuééçrtsateeãbeddedinvçidsçntçéçfthestçneãasçnrywallicçnnectedtçthe existingstructurebyãeansçfabrakesysteãcçãéçsedçfére-existentrçdsandélatesicarvedçntç theãasçnryeciguresf. NVTM
3 cig. R oççftiãbertrussesafterreãçvalçfcçatings andsecçndaryeleãentsecçããçnraftersf cig. S ptçneãasçnryvçidsiwheretiebeaãs aresuééçrtediandbrakingsysteã qheclassificatiçnçfthetiãberclasswasbasediçntheçnehandiçndeflectiçnãeasureãentsãadein situthatigiventheageçftheexistingstructuresicçrreséçndedtçlçng-terãdeflectiçnswhichtake creeééhençãenaintçaccçunt.afiniteeleãentãçdelwascreatedibasedçntheinfçrãatiçnavailable atthetiãeiwhereseveralãçduliçfelasticityweretestedinçrdertçfindthesãallestãçduluswhich leadtçtheçbserveddeflectiçns. tiththebeginningçftherehabilitatiçnwçrksinaãelythereãçvalçfthecçatingsiitwaséçssibletç çbservetheãainrççfstructure.athçrçughin situçbservatiçniaccçrdingtçthevisualrankingand ãeasureãentcriteriaéresentedinthemçrtuguesestandardregardingthenuãberanddistributiçnçf knçtsigrçwthrateicracksandãarrçwiledtçaclassificatiçnçftheãainstructuraleleãentsas cçãéçsedçfãaritiãeéineiclassbbxo. qheverticaldeflectiçncalculatedbythefiniteeleãentérçgraãcçnfirãedthesecçnclusiçnsi accçrdingtçthemçrtuguesekatiçnalannexxp.qablenéresentssçãeãechanicalérçéertiesfçrthis tyéeçfstructuraltiãber. Table NjechanicalérçéertiesfçrãaritiãeéineIClassbbxP mine Class bb CharacteristicbendingstrengthEkLãã²F f m,k PR CharacteristictensilestrengthalçngthegrainEkLãã²F f t,0,k ON CharacteristictensilestrengthéeréendiculartçthegrainEkLãã²F f t,90,k M.S CharacteristiccçãéressivestrengthalçngthegrainEkLãã²F f c,0,k O4 CharacteristiccçãéressivestrengthéeréendiculartçthegrainEkLãã²F f c,90,k P.4 CharacteristicshearstrengthEkLãã²F f v,k P.4 jeanvalueçfãçdulusçfelasticityeklãã²f E mean N4MMM cifthéercentilevalueçfãçdulusçfelasticityeklãã²f E 0.05 VPMM jeanvalueçfshearãçduluseklãã²f G mean UTM CharacteristicdensityEkgLã F ρ k 4VM O.P. pafety checks anç structural retrofit qçassessthedesignedsçlutiçnsisçãepafiniteeleãentãçdelsweredevelçéediusingtheérçvided infçrãatiçnregardingtiãberérçéertiesandeleãentgeçãetryiasretrievedinsitu.qhestructurewas checkedasérescribedinburçcçderx4. qhesafetycheckswerebasedçntheanalysisçftheresultantfçrcesfrçãtheultiãateliãitstate cçãbinatiçnsiwiththeiãéçsedlçadscçrreséçndenttçthistyéeçfstructuresaccçrdingtçthe mçrtugueseactiçnsguidelinexr.qheresultingfçrcesandstresseswereéçstérçcessedandcçãéared withthedesignãechanicalérçéertiesladãissibleratiçs. AllstructuraleleãentswerecheckedfçrtheultiãateliãitstatesaccçrdingtçpectiçnSçf burçcçderx4inaãelyiisçlatedstressesicçãbinedstressesandstabilitychecks. curtherãçreideflectiçnswereliãitedtçacceétablevaluesiasérescribedbythekatiçnalannexxp. cçrlçngterãdeflectiçnsicreeéeffectsweretakenintçaccçuntiusingtheãethçdçlçgyérescribedin burçcçderipectiçnox4. qheéartialfactçrsusedintheseverificatiçnsareéresentedinqableo.asthestructuraltiãber eleãentswillbeérçtectedfrçããçisturevariatiçnsiserviceclassnwascçnsidered. NVTN
4 Table O martialfactçrsfçrultiãateandserviceabilityliãitstatesx4ir martial factors for loaçing merãanentlçads γ g N.PR sariablelçads γ q N.R martial factors for material properties pçlidtiãber γ M N.P dluedlaãinatedtiãber γ M N.OR MoÇification factor for Çuration of loaç anç moisture content merãanentlçadseserviceclassnf k mod M.SM sariablelçadseserviceclassnf k mod M.UM aeformation factor perviceclassn k def M.SM cactor consiçering rejçistribution of bençing stresses in a crossjsection oectangularcrçss-sectiçns k m M.T ciguretéresentsthefiniteeleãentãçdelusedtçstudytheãaintiãbertrusses.qhestudiedtrusswas ãçdelledalçngwiththeadjacentçnesiinçrdertçsiãulatethegrçuéeffectinducedbytherççfas awhçle.bveryeleãentwasãçdelledasafraãefiniteeleãentiwiththeexistentcrçss-sectiçns. CçatingsIcçããçnraftersandiãéçsedlçadsIasérescribedbythekatiçnalduidelinefçrActiçnsxPI wereinsertedasdistributedlçadsintheãçdel.qheresultantdeflectiçnsareéresentedincigureu. cig. TPafiniteeleãentãçdelcreatedtçstudythe cig. Uiçngterãdefçrãedshaée tiãbertrusses cig. 9 Bending diagraãfçrthe centraltrusseultiãateliãitstatei leadingvariableactiçnbeingthe iãéçsedlçadf cig. NM pheardiagraãfçrthe cig. NNAxialdiagraãfçrthe centraltrusseultiãateliãitstatei central trusseultiãateliãit leadingvariableactiçnbeingthe stateileadingvariableactiçn iãéçsedlçadf beingtheiãéçsedlçadf qheresultantfçrceseciguresv-nnfinthecentraltrusswerethencheckedaccçrdingtçburçcçderx4i aséreviçuslydescribed. AsanexaãéleIthecriticalsafetycheckfçraãainrafterbetweenthesuééçrtandtheéurlinIsubjected tçcçãéressiçniiséresentedasfçllçwsiseebq.nebq.s.opfrçãburçcçderx4f. s cimid s miyid s miid + km + N ENF k f f f ci cimid miyid miid wherewσ c,0,d designcçãéressivestressalçngthegrainik c, instabilityfactçregivenbybqs.o-rx4fi f c,0,d designcçãéressivestrengthalçngthegrainik m factçrcçnsideringre-distributiçnçfbending stressesinacrçss-sectiçniσ m,y,d designbendingstressabçuttheérinciéaly-axisif m,y,d design NVTO
5 bendingstrengthabçuttheérinciéaly-axisiσ m,,d designbendingstressabçuttheérinciéal-axisi f m,,d designbendingstrengthabçuttheérinciéal-axis. N kci O O EOF k + k - l reli O k M.R ( N+ b ( l - M. P) + l ) c reli reli EPF l l cimik reli p EM. MR f E4F I l lef ERF A wherew k instabilityfactçriλ rel, relativeslendernessratiçcçrreséçndingtçbendingabçutthe -axisiβ c straightnessfactçrem.ofçrsçlidtiãberfiλ slendernessratiçcçrreséçndingtçbending abçutthe-axisif c,0,k characteristiccçãéressivestrengthalçngthegrainiacrçss-sectiçnalareai f secçndãçãentçfareaabçuttheweakaxis. qablepéresentssçãedataandsteésfçllçwedinthissafetycheck.qhebendingfçrceswerençttaken intçaccçuntastheywereresidualfçrthiséarticulareleãentiasshçwnincigurev. Table P pafetycheckçfacçãéressedãainrafter. Main oafter EM.N4 M.PN m²f bq.r bq.4 AM.M4Pã²;f T.NMxNM -R ã 4 k sd N44kk; s cimid k sd LAPP4VkkLã²; fci MId NNMTTkkLã² A M.M4P l P.PP UN. VR R T.NM NM lef - I l l f UN.VR p O4MMM V.P NM cimik rel I N. PP S p EM.MR O O bq.p k M.R ( N+ ( l - M.P) + l ) M.R ( N+ M.O ( N.PP- M.P) + N.PP ) N. 4V b c reli reli bq.o k N N.4V + ci O O O O k + k - lreli N.4V -N.PP N M. 4S bq.n k s cimid f ci cimid PP4V M.SR < N M.4S NNMTT qheçverallgççdcçnditiçnçfthesestructuresiaswellastheiradequatebearingcaéacityiledtçlighter rehabilitatiçnsçlutiçnsiwhichinvçlvedtheretrçfitçfthetiãberrççfstructurewithnewsuééçrtand bracingeleãentsialçngwiththereélaceãentçftheexistingéurlinsbynewçnesiwithalargersectiçn andatãçrefavçurableéçsitiçniçverthejçintsifçraãçrebalancedfunctiçningçfthestructure.qhe existingridgewasalsçreélaced.cigurenoéresentsthefinalcçnfiguratiçnçfaãaintiãbertrussiwith newridgeandéurlins. NVTP
6 cig. NOjaintiãbertrussaftertheinterventiçn qhetçéendhalftrusseswerestudiedseéaratelyeciguresnpandn4f.fnthiscaseithesafetychecktç theserviceabilityliãitstateswascriticaliandtherewasaneedtçintrçducesçãebracingeleãentstç thetçétrussecigurenrf.asãaritiãeéineclassbbisscarcexpitheseeleãentsarecçãéçsedçf gluedlaãinatedtiãberistrengthclassdlpshiwithsiãilarãechanicalérçéerties. cig. NP lverviewçfthetçéendçftherççf cig. N4 Paãçdelcreatedtçstudythetçéendhalf trussesiwithretrçfitstruts cig. NR içngterãdeflectiçnsafterretrçfiteinãetresf BesidestheserehabilitatiçnwçrksIawalkwaywascreatedinsidetherççfinçrdertçallçw ãaintenanceaccesstçbçththerççfstructureandtheceilingélasterwçrks.qhenewtiãbereleãents arealsçãadeçfgluedlaãinatedtiãberistrengthclassdlpsh. qhecçnnectiçnbetweentiãbereleãentswasstrengthenedwithbçltsandsteelélatesiwhereneededi whileseverelydegradedeleãentswerereélacedwithnewçnes. cinallyitheglçbalbehaviçurçfthisbuildingwasiãérçvedwiththeadditiçnçfsteelrçdsinthe cçrnersibindingéeréendicularwalls.ciguresnsandntshçwthetiãberstructureafterthe rehabilitatiçnwçrksandthenewwalkway. NVT4
7 cig. NS oççftiãberstructurenearthecçnclusiçnçf therehabilitatiçnwçrks;newinteriçrwalkway cig. NT qrusssuééçrtandnewcçããçnrafter systeã O.4. oeconstruction of tie beams near the supports qhetiebeaãséresentedseveredaãagenearthesuééçrtsirequiringrecçnstructiçninçrdertçrestçre fullsuééçrtcçnditiçnstçtheãaintiãbertrusses.aséreviçuslystatedithesesuééçrtsareeãbedded inthestçneãasçnrywallsidisablingtheuseçfwççdérçstheticsiwhichwçuldhavetçbebçndedtç theexistingtiãberstructuresbutiãéliedthereãçvalçfthestçnesçntçéçfthewalliwhichareoã wide.qhetiebeaãendswererecçnstructedwitheéçxybasedãçrtar.ciguresnuandnvshçw differentstagesçfthisérçcessiwhichinvçlvedwcleaningthedaãagedareasiinsertiçnçfstainlesssteel rçdswitheéçxyresininjectiçnsandrecçnstructiçnwitheéçxybasedãçrtar.qhedetailingusedcan beseenincigureom. cig. NU oecçnstructiçnçftiebeaãsnearthesuééçrt cig. N9 pteelélatecçnnectedtçtheére-existent witheéçxyresin brakesysteã cig. OMaetailingusedintiebeaãrecçnstructiçnnearthesuééçrts qheexistingsteelbrakeswhichéresentedseveredaãagesefrçãéartialtçtçtalcrçss-sectiçnlçssdue tçcçrrçsiçnfwerealsçrehabilitatedwithnewstainlesssteeleleãentsiasdeéictedinthedetailing éresentedincigureon.qçéreventcçntactbetweenthenewstainlesssteelandtheexistingsteel eleãentsiaéçlyethylenesleevewasusedatthecçntactarea.ciguresooandopshçwtwçdifferent situatiçnswherethisérçcedurewasfçllçwed. NVTR
8 cig. ONaetailingusedinthebrakesysteãatthesuééçrts cig. OO Aéélicatiçnçfnewbrakingeleãentsbefçre recçnstructiçnçfthetiebeaãnearthesuééçrt cig. OP Aéélicatiçnçfnewbrakingeleãentsfçran existingtiebeaã O.R. fnterventions in the transition to the sacristy anç southern wing of the library s cloister. qheinterventiçnsatthetransitiçnbçdyandsçuthernwingçfthelibrary sclçisteraiãedreélacingthe severelydaãagedrççfstructurewithanewçne.cigureo4shçwsthepafiniteeleãentãçdelusedin thedesigniinéarticularthelçngterãdefçrãedshaéefçrtheãainstructuraleleãentsiandciguresor andoséresentgeneralviewsçfthefinaltiãberstructures. cig. O4 içngterãdefçrãedshaéefçrtheãainstructurethatcçnstitutesthetransitiçnbçdytçthesacristy cigs. ORJOS oççftiãberstructuresfrçãthetransitiçnbçdytçthesacristyaftercçnstructiçn NVTS
9 péecialcarewasneededwhendesigningthenewrççfstructureçfthesçuthernwingçfthelibrary s clçisterduetçtheélasterwçrksthatweresuééçrtedbytheéreviçusstructure.ciguresotandoudeéict twçéhasesçftherehabilitatiçnérçcess. qhecçnnectiçnbetweentiãbereleãentswascarriedçutãainlywithbçltedélatesandnçtches. cig. OTqiãberstructureçfthesçuthernwingçfthe library sclçisterbefçretheinterventiçn cig. OUqiãberstructureçfthesçuthernwingçfthe library sclçisterduringtheinterventiçn P. ClkCirpflkp qhisérçjectregardedtherehabilitatiçnçfthelibraryçfthealcçbaçaabbeyiinalcçbaçaimçrtugal. qhestructureéresentedhighlevelsçfdefçrãatiçnandthetiãbereleãentsshçwedsçãesignsçf degradatiçnrelatedtçbrçwnrçtandxylçéhagçusattack. qhefinaldesignsçlutiçnsiaresultçfaniterativeérçcesstyéicalçfrehabilitatiçnérçjectsiaiãedthe reuseçftheãainexistingeleãentsiwiththeintrçductiçnçfadditiçnalstrengtheningeleãentsand reéairlreinfçrceãentçfjçintsandsuééçrts. fnthereãainingbçdiestheinterventiçncçãérehendedthecreatiçnçfnewrççfstructuresduetçthe lackçfqualityçftheexistingçnes. Accessibilitiesfçrãaintenancewçrkswereiãérçvedwiththecreatiçnçfanewwalkwayinsidetheattic. obcbobkcbp xn AééletçnIs.EOMMMFAbadiadepantajariadeAlcçbaçaWCaracteriaçãçCçnstrutivaEpanta jariadealcçbaçaabbeywcçnstructivecharacteriatiçnf.jpcthesisifnstitutçpuéeriçr qécnicçiqechnicalrniversityçfiisbçn. xo CruIe.IoçdriguesIj.ENVVTFbséecificaçõesdejadeiraéarabstruturasIcichasqécnicas EptructuralqiãberpéecificatiçnsIqablesFIikbCIiisbçn. xp CqNNREOMMUF.AnexçkaciçnalkAWkmbkNVVR-N-NEkatiçnalAnnexFIikbCIiisbçn. x4 burçéeancçããitteefçrptandardiatiçnecbkfeommrfburçcçderwaesignçftiãberstructures martn-nwdeneral Cçããçnrulesandrulesfçrbuildings.CbkIBrussels. xr EOMMTFopAI oegulaãentçdepegurançaeacções Emçrtuguesecçdefçrstructuralsafetyand lçadsfimçrtçbditçrailéçrtç. NVTT
MECHANICAi BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY PANEiS UNDER IN-PiANE ioads
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Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) 2012 DWE, Wrocław, Poland, ISSN 0860-2395, ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7 CAMBbRING lf TIMBbR ClMPlSITb BbAMS BY MbANS lf SCRbW FASTbNbRS Ivan
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Structural Analysis o Historical Constructions Jerzy Jasieńko (ed) 2012 DWE, Wrocław, Poland, ISSN 0860-2395, ISBN 978-83-7125-216-7 MAplkoY ClkckbMbkq tqe pom ClMmlpqbp Antonio Borri N, Giulio Castori
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