Multi Input Multi Output Using Non Isolated DC-DC Boost Converter

Transcription

1 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6 Mult nput Mult Output Usng Non solate - Boost onerter Pearlne Jacntha.P Prya.M Kannabhran.A P.G. Stuent epartment of EEE J.J. ollege of Engneerng an Technology Trchy Taml Nau na. Assstant Professor (Senor Grae epartment of EEE J.J. ollege of Engneerng an Technology Trchy TamlNau na. Assstant Professor- epartment of EEE Sastra Unersty S ampus Kumbakonnam Taml Nau na. ABSTAT: A new non solate mult nput mult put - boost conerter s propose usng sngle magnetc fel storage component (. The propose conerter can be use for transferrng energy between fferent energy resources such as F P an ESS. n ths paper fuel cell an battery are consere as a generatng power source an an energy storage system (ESS to prouce two fferent oltage magntues n ts put. Two fferent power operaton moes are efne for the conerter base on chargng an schargng states of the battery. The conerter moule has an aantage of usng mnmum number of power electronc components. t s sutable for electrc ehcle applcatons. The alty of the propose MMO conerter s erfe wth both computer smulaton usng software (MATAB/ Smulnk an laboratory base prototype erfe the results. KEYWOS: - conerter Boost conerter Fuel cell Energy storage system (ESS Electrc ehcle Mult nput Mult Output state-space aeragng.. NTOUTON Now a ay s renewable energy s ncreasngly alue an employe because of energy shortage an enronmental contamnaton. Hgh step up c-c conerters are wely employe n many renewable energy applcatons nclung fuel cell wn power photooltac system etc. []. Energy sources lke P an wn turbne systems are ntermttent an unprectable; therefore they are not hghly relable. n orer to aress ths ssue renewable resources are ether combne wth each other or fuel cell an ESS (battery []. Fuel cells are wely recognze as one of the most promsng technologes to meet the future power generaton requrements. The fuel cell an battery hae fferent oltage leels so to proe a specfc oltage leel for loa an control power flow between nput sources usng of c-c conerter s neee. An mportant pont to remember ab all c-c conerters s lke a transformer they essentally change the nput energy nto fferent mpeence leel. So whateer the put oltage leel the put power all comes from the nput; there s no energy manufacture nse the conerter []. Now a ays these conerters proe smple crcut topologes centralze control hgh relablty low manufacturng cost an sze [4]. The multport conerter topologes can be classfe nto two categores: non solate an solate topologes. Seeral brectonal topologes such as full-brge [5] an half-brge [6] topologes hae been propose. These two topologes utlze many swtches wth complcate re an control crcuts [7]. Non solate multport conerters are usually use n electrc ehcle base applcatons where t s more sutable to satsfy the requre loa eman rather than solate topology where t suffers from hgh frequency transformer losses. n [8] a sngle nuctor mult put c c conerter s propose whch can generate seeral fferent oltage leels n ts puts ths conerter s controlle to regulate the put oltages at ther esre alues espte the loa power araton or nput oltage araton. From arous stues mentone aboe ths paper proposes a new non solate mult nput mult put c-c boost conerter. ompare wth the conerter n [9] usng four controllable swtches the propose conerter only use three controllable swtches. Ths conerter can control power flow between sources wth each other an loa. Ths paper s organze as follows. The conerter structure an opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET

2 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6 operaton moes are explane n secton. The state space moelng of the propose conerter s gen n secton. Secton represents the smulaton results secton represents expermental results an secton conclues ths paper.. POPOSE MUT NPUT MUT OUTPUT (MMO n ths paper a new non solate mult nput mult put c-c boost conerter base on the combnaton of two nput sources s propose. The structure of the propose conerter s presente n fg.. As seen from fg. the conerter nterfaces two nput power sources n an n. Fg. Propose conerter structure. The puts from ths propose conerter are capable to hae fferent or equal put oltage magntues whch can also be use for connectng to a multleel nerter. The propose conerter has two nput sources such as a generatng power source F an energy storage system (battery combnaton. The nput source n can eler power to the source n not ce ersa. n ths system F whch cannot be charge s locate n n also n n such as ESS can be charge s place. epenng on the utlzaton state of the battery two power operaton moes are efne for the propose conerter whch are the chargng an schargng moes of operaton whch has been nestgate as follows. FFEENT OPEATNG MOES OF MMO A. BATTEY HAGNG MOE n ths moe of operaton n not only supply to the loa but also elers power to n. Ths conton occurs when loa power s low an battery requres to be charge. For each swtch a specfc uty s consere. Three nepenent uty ratos of the conerter facltate power flow among nput sources an the loa. S s swtche to regulate the total put oltage t = + to a esre alue. t s clear that by regulaton of t an the put oltage s regulate too. Accorng to fferent swtchng states three fferent operaton moes n one swtchng pero s gen as follows;.swthng STATE ( < T < T n ths state swtch S an S s turne ON swtch S s OFF an cannot be turne ON. The oe s reerse base an oes not conuct. n ths state n charges nuctor so nuctor current ncreases. Equalent crcut of propose conerter for ths state s shown n fg. (. Also n ths moe capactors an gets scharge an eler ther store energy to loa resstance an. The nuctor an capactors equatons n ths moe are as follows; n ( opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET

3 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6 Fg.. Equalent crcut for swtchng state.. SWTHNG STATE ( T < t < T n ths state swtch S s OFF an swtch S an S s turne ON. The oe s reerse base an oes not conuct. For ths state nuctor s scharge an elers ts store energy to an so nuctor current ecreases. Equalent crcut of propose conerter for ths state s shown n fg. (. Also n ths moe capactor s charge an capactor s scharge an eler ther store energy to loa resstance. n ( Fg. Equalent crcut for swtchng state.. SWTHNG STATE ( T T < t < T n ths state swtch S s OFF an S s turne ON. The oe s forwar base an the oe s reerse base an oes not conuct consequently S s OFF. Equalent crcut of propose conerter for ths state s shown n fg (4. n ths state nuctor s scharge an elers ts store energy to capactors an an loa resstance an an thus capactors an are charge. The nuctor an capactors equatons n ths moe are as follows; n t ( Fg.4. Equalent crcut for swtchng state. B. BATTEY SHAGNG MOE n ths moe two nput power sources n an n are responsble for supplyng the loas. For each swtch a specfc uty s consere. Here S s acte to regulate the battery current to a esre alue by controllng nuctor current. opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET

4 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6 Output oltage s controlle by swtch S. t s obous that by regulaton of t an the put oltage s regulate too. The total put oltage t s regulate as t = +.. SWTHNG STATE ( < T < T n ths state swtch S s ON an swtch S s OFF. The oe are reerse base an oes not conuct so swtch S s turne OFF. n ths state n charges nuctor so nuctor current ncreases. Equalent crcut of propose conerter for ths state s shown n fg. (5 Also n ths moe capactors an wll get scharge an eler ts store energy to loa resstance an. The nuctor an capactors equaton for ths moe are as follows; n (4 Fg.5 Equalent crcut for swtchng state.. SWTHNG STATE ( T < t < T n ths state swtch S s OFF an S s turne ON. The oe s forwar base an the oe s reerse base an oes not conuct consequently S s OFF. Equalent crcut of propose conerter for ths state s shown n fg (6. n ths state nuctor s scharge an elers ts store energy to capactors an an loa resstance an an thus capactors an are charge. n t (5 Fg.6 Equalent crcut for swtchng state.. SWTHNG STATE ( T T < t < T n ths state swtch S an S s OFF an S swtch s turne ON. The oe s forwar base an the oe s reerse base an oes not conuct. Equalent crcut of propose conerter for ths state s shown n fg.(7. n ths state nuctor s scharge an elers ts store energy to an so nuctor current ecreases. Also n ths moe capactor s charge an capactor s scharge an eler ts store energy to loa resstance. n (6 Fg.7 Equalent crcut for swtchng state opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET

5 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6. STATE SPAE MOENG The state space moel s the mathematcal moel that proes a ynamc moel of a physcal system nclung swtchng conerters by a set of frst-orer fferental equatons. Usng ths state space aerage moel of conerter one can obtan the small sgnal moel an transfer functon of conerters whch wll be ery useful n the esgn of close-loop controller usng arous control technques. n ths paper the conerter moule has three controllable swtches S S an S. For each swtch a specfc uty wll be consere. A fferent state space aerage moel s s obtane for both chargng an schargng moes of operaton.. THE MATHEMATA MOE FO BATTEY HAGNG MOE: The state space aerage moel performs the followng equatons; Ẋ = AX + BU (7 Y = X + U Base on small-sgnal moelng metho [] the state arables uty ratos an nput oltages contan two components c alues (X an perturbatons ( x. t s assume that the perturbatons are small an o not ary sgnfcantly urng one swtchng pero. So there are followng equatons for the propose conerter; = + î = (8 n ths operaton moe of propose conerter n elers energy to loas an n. The nuctor current Δî capactor oltages Δ an Δ are state arables. f we substtute (8 nto ( ( apply the aeragng to three state equatons multple wth corresponng uty cycle alue an then neglect secon-orer terms we obtan small-sgnal equatons that are emonstrate as follows;.... (. n n n (. ( ( Where X s a matrx contanng the state arables U s a matrx contanng the control nputs Δ Δ an Δ Y s a matrx contanng the system puts Δ Δ t Δb So matrxes XYU takes the followng form: X Y t U b ( Fllng matrces A B an usng (9 an state equatons (7 ges the followng result; (9 opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET

6 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6 opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET (. ( ( ( A B n (. THE MATHEMATA MOE FO BATTEY SHAGNG MOE: n ths moe of operaton both n an n are responsble for supplyng the loa. ke battery chargng moe frst small sgnal moel shoul be obtane by substtutng (8 nto (4 (6 apply the aeragng to four state equatons multple wth corresponng uty cycle alue an then neglect secon-orer terms we obtan small-sgnal equatons that are emonstrate as follows; ( ( n n ( ( ( Here X b t Y U ( ke preous moe of operaton matrces AB an s gen as; ( ( ( ( A B n (4. SMUATON ESUTS Smulatons are one for both chargng an schargng moes of battery usng MATAB / Smulnk software n orer to erfy the performance of the propose conerter. The smulaton parameters of the propose conerter are lste n table. The P controller act as an error mnmzer here the response of the P controller s compare wth carrer an reference sgnal to prouce the esre PWM. For each swtch a specfc uty rato ( X s consere. A resste loa an s taken such that from the smulaton results the put oltages are obtane as = an = respectely. So the total put oltage t s regulate as t = + therefore t = 4. Fg.(8 shows(a the total put oltage t (b the put oltage (c the put oltage ( shows the smulaton results for battery chargng moe current (e shows the smulaton results for battery schargng current (f shows the oltage across the swtch.

7 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6 S.NO AUES PAAMETES.. mh nuctance (. μf apactors(. khz Swtchng frequency (f s 4. 8 nput oltage ( n 5.. Ah nput oltage( n battery 6. 7 Ω esstance( Table. The smulaton parameters for the propose conerter. (a (b (c ( (e (f Fg.8. shows smulaton results (a the total put oltage t (b the put oltage (c the put oltage ( shows the smulaton results for battery chargng moe current (e shows the smulaton results for battery schargng current (f shows the oltage across the swtch.. EXPEMENTA ESUTS The propose parameters are lste n table. ATME 8-bt mcrocontroller wth 6 KBYTES s use. F54 s taken as a swtchng ece (Power Mosfet. A P87X Seres (P 4pn General Purpose Photo coupler contans an E optcally couple to a phototransstor. The chargng an schargng moes are efne base on the utlzaton state of the battery. n orer to erfy the effecteness of the propose conerter a low power range laboratory prototype was bult as shown n Fg. 9 (a propose harware structure. The SO put for ths prototype s shown n fg.9 (b the put oltage ( s obtane as (c = therefore the total put oltage s regulate as t = + whch s obtane as 4 s shown n (. opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET

8 SSN(Onlne: SSN (Prnt: nternatonal Journal of nnoate esearch n Scence Engneerng an Technology (An SO 97: 7 ertfe Organzaton ol. 5 ssue 6 June 6 FUE E MOONTOE SWTHES BATTEY OA (a (b (c ( Fg.9 expermental results (a propose harware structure (b total put oltage t (c put oltage ( put oltage. ONUSON A nonsolate multnput multput c-c boost conerter wth less number of power electroncs components s propose usng generatng power source (F an energy storage system (battery. Also the conerter can be utlze as sngle nput mult put conerter. For each moe small sgnal aerage methos are obtane separately. The propose conerter prouce two fferent oltage magntues n ts put whch s sutable for electrc ehcle base applcatons. EFEENES [] Phatphat Thou thong Arkhom uksanasakul Poolsak Koseeyaporn an Bernar aat ntellgent Moel-Base ontrol of a Stanalone Photooltac/Fuel ell Power Plant Wth Supercapactor Energy Storage EEE Transactons On Sustanable Energy ol. 4 no. January. [] Saee anyal Seye Hossen Hossen an Georg B. Gharehpetan New Extenable Sngle-Stage Mult-nput /A Boost onerter EEE Transactons On Power Electroncs ol. 9 no. February 4. [] M. Zan A. Peyman J. P. Martn S. Perfeerc B. aat an F. Meyboy-tabar Energy management of a fuel cell/supercapactor/battery power source for electrc ehcular applcatons EEE Trans. eh. Technol. ol. 6 no. pp [4] J. ee B. Mn. Yoo. Km an J. Yoo A new topology for P / conerter wth hgh effcency uner we loa range n Proc. Eur. onf. Power Electron. Appl. Sep. 7 pp. 6. [5] J. uarte M. Henrx an M. Smoes Three-port brectonal conerter for hybr fuel cell systems EEE Trans. Power Electron. ol. no. pp Mar. 7. [6]. u an H. A ZS b-rectonal - conerter for multple energy storage elements EEE Trans. Power Electron. ol. no. 5 pp Sep. 6. [7] Janwu Zeng We Qao an yan Qu An solate Three-Port Brectonal onerter for Photooltac Systems Wth Energy Storage EEE Transactons On nustry Applcatons ol. 5 no. 4 July/August 5 [8] A. Nam F. Zare A. Ghosh an F. Blaabjerg Mult-put conerters base on oe-clampe conerters confguraton: Topology an control strategy ET Power Electron. ol. pp [9] Al Nahaan Mehra Tarafar Hagh Mohamma Bagher Bannae Sharfan an Saee anyal A Nonsolate Multnput Multput Boost onerter for Electrc ehcle Applcatons EEE Transactons On Power Electroncs ol. no [].W. Erckson an. Maksmoc Funamentals of Power Electroncs n e. New York NY USA: Kluwer Acaemc Publsher. opyrght to JSET O:.568/JSET