Non Conventional Power Generation by Using Hybrid Wind - Solar Energy System

Transcription

1 S. Panu Ranga Rey et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Reearch an Applcaton ISSN : 48-96, ol. 3, Iue 6, No-Dec 03, pp RESEARCH ARICLE OPEN ACCESS Non Conentonal Power Generaton by Ung Hybr Wn - Solar Energy Sytem *S. Panu Ranga Rey, ** P. enkateh * PG Stuent, Department Of EEE,.R.Shartha Engneerng College, jayawaa. **Atant Profeor, Department of EEE,.R.Shartha Engneerng College, jayawaa. ABSRAC Enronmentally frenly oluton are becomng more promnent than eer a a reult of concern regarng the tate of our eteroratng planet. h paper preent a new ytem confguraton of the front-en rectfer tage for a hybr wn/photooltac energy ytem. h confguraton allow the two ource to upply the loa eparately or multaneouly epenng on the aalablty of the energy ource. he nherent nature of th Cuk-SEPIC fue conerter, atonal nput flter are not neceary to flter out hgh frequency harmonc. Harmonc content etrmental for the generator lfepan, heatng ue, an effcency. he fue mult nput rectfer tage alo allow Maxmum Power Pont rackng (MPP) to be ue to extract maxmum power from the wn an un when t aalable. An aapte MPP algorthm wll be ue for the wn ytem an a tanar perturb an obere metho wll be ue for the P ytem. Operatonal analy of the propoe ytem wll be cue n th paper. Smulaton reult are gen to hghlght the mert of the propoe crcut. When a ource nuffcent n meetng the loa eman, the other energy ource can compenate for the fference. Seeral hybr wn/p power ytem wth MPP control hae been propoe, uage of rectfer an nerter alo cue Keywor Wn, Solar, SEPIC Conerter an Cuk conerter I. INRODUCION Wth ncreang concern of global warmng an the epleton of fol fuel reere, many are lookng at utanable energy oluton to preere the earth for the future generaton. Other than hyro power, wn an photooltac energy hol the mot potental to meet our energy eman. Alone, wn energy capable of upplyng large amount of power but t preence hghly unprectable a t can be here one moment an gone n another. Smlarly, olar energy preent throughout the ay but the olar rraaton leel ary ue to un ntenty an unprectable haow cat by clou, br, tree, etc. he common nherent rawback of wn an photooltac ytem are ther ntermttent nature that make them unrelable. Howeer, by Combnng thee two ntermttent ource an by ncorporatng maxmum power pont trackng (MPP) algorthm, the ytem power tranfer Effcency an relablty can be mproe gnfcantly. When a ource unaalable or nuffcent n meetng the loa eman, the other energy ource can compenate for the fference. Seeral hybr wn/p power ytem wth MPP control hae been propoe an cue n work Mot of the ytem n lterature ue a eparate DC/DC boot conerter connecte n parallel n the rectfer tage a hown n Fgure.to perform the MPP control for each of the renewable energy power ource. A mpler mult-nput tructure ha been uggete that combne the ource from the DC-en whle tll acheng MPP for each renewable ource. he tructure propoe by a fuon of the buck an buck-boot conerter. he ytem n lterature requre pae nput flter to remoe the hgh frequency current harmonc njecte nto wn turbne generator. he harmonc content n the generator current ecreae t lfepan an ncreae the power lo ue to heatng. In th paper, an alternate mult-nput rectfer tructure propoe for hybr wn/olar energy ytem. he propoe egn a fuon of the Cuk an SEPIC conerter. he feature of the propoe topology are: ) he nherent nature of thee two conerter elmnate the nee for eparate nput flter for PFC [7]-[8], ) It can upport tep up/own operaton for each renewable ource (can upport we range of P an wn nput), 3) MPP can be realze for each ource, 4) Inual an multaneou operaton 63 P a g e

2 S. Panu Ranga Rey et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Reearch an Applcaton ISSN : 48-96, ol. 3, Iue 6, No-Dec 03, pp Fgure : Hybr Sytem wth mult-connecte boot conerter II. PROPOSED MULI-INPU RECIFIER SAGE A ytem agram of the propoe rectfer tage of a hybr energy ytem hown n Fgure, where one of the nput connecte to the output of the P array an the other nput connecte to the output of a generator. he fuon of the two conerter achee by reconfgurng the two extng oe from each conerter an the hare utlzaton of the Cuk output nuctor by the SEPIC conerter. h confguraton allow each conerter to operate normally nually n the eent that one ource unaalable. Fgure 3 llutrate the cae when only the wn ource aalable. In th cae, D turn off an D turn on; the propoe crcut become a SEPIC conerter an the nput to output oltage relatonhp gen by (). On the other han, f only the P ource aalable, then D turn off an D wll alway be on an the crcut become a Cuk conerter. he nput to output oltage relatonhp gen by (). In both cae, both conerter hae tep-up/own capablty, whch proe more egn flexblty n the ytem f uty rato control utlze to perform MPP control. w p = = Fgure 3 llutrate the arou wtchng tate of the propoe conerter. If the turn on uraton of M longer than M, then the wtchng tate wll be tate I, II, I. Smlarly, the wtchng tate wll be tate I, III, I f the wtch conucton pero are ce era. o proe a better explanaton, the nuctor current waeform of each wtchng tate are gen a follow aumng that >; hence only tate I, III, I are cue n th example. In the followng, I,P the aerage nput current from the P ource; I,W the RMS nput current after the rectfer (wn cae); an I the aerage ytem output current. he key waeform that llutrate the wtchng tate n th example are hown n Fgure 5. he mathematcal expreon that relate the total output oltage an the two nput ource wll be llutrate n the next ecton. Fgure : Crcut agram of Darlngton confguraton here are fferent tate n the workng of the propoe crcut of rectfer tage for a Hybr Wn/P Sytem an thee tate are a follow: SAE I (M ON, M ON): Fgure 3: M on, M on p L 0 c c ( ) t L 0 w L 0 L IP L I L3 Iw 3 SAE III (M OFF, M ON): 64 P a g e

3 S. Panu Ranga Rey et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Reearch an Applcaton ISSN : 48-96, ol. 3, Iue 6, No-Dec 03, pp Fgure 4: M off, M on p c L IP ( ) t t L c L I L w L3 Iw L3 SAE I (M OFF, M OFF): Fgure 5: M off, M off p c L IP ( ) t t L L I L w c L3 Iw ( ) t L3 III. ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED CIRCUI o fn an expreon for the output DC bu oltage,, the olt-balance of the output nuctor, L, examne >. Snce the net change n the oltage of L zero, applyng oltbalance to L reult n (3). he expreon that relate the aerage output DC oltage () to the capactor oltage (c an c) then obtane a hown n (4), where c an c can then be obtane by applyng olt-balance to L an L3 [9]. he fnal expreon that relate the aerage output oltage an the two nput ource (W an P) then gen by (5). It obere that mply the um of the two output oltage of the Cuk an SEPIC conerter. h further mple that can be controlle by an nually or multaneouly. ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 0 (3) ( c c c (4) ( ) c ( ) c ( ) p ( ) w (5) he wtche oltage an current charactertc are alo proe n th ecton. he oltage tre gen by (6) an (7) repectely. A for the current tre, t obere from that the peak current alway occur at the en of the on-tme of the MOSFE. Both the Cuk an SEPIC MOSFE current cont of both the nput current an the capactor (C or C) current. he peak current tre of M an Mare gen by (8) an (0) repectely. Leq an Leq, gen by (9) an (), repreent the equalent nuctance of Cuk an SEPIC conerter repectely.he P output current, whch alo equal to the aerage nput current of the Cuk conerter gen n (). It can be obere that the aerage nuctor current a functon of t repecte uty cycle (). p( ) (6) w( ) (7) p, pk I, p I, ag (8) L eq L L L eq (9) L L w, pk I, w I, ag (0) L eq L L 3 L eq () L3L I p 0, p () 65 P a g e

4 S. Panu Ranga Rey et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Reearch an Applcaton ISSN : 48-96, ol. 3, Iue 6, No-Dec 03, pp I. MPP CONROL OF PROPOSED CIRCUI A common nherent rawback of wn an P ytem the ntermttent nature of ther energy ource. Wn energy capable of upplyng large amount of power but t preence hghly unprectable a t can be here one moment an gone n another. Solar energy preent throughout the ay, but the olar rraaton leel ary ue to un ntenty an unprectable haow cat by clou, br, tree, etc. hee rawback ten to make thee renewable ytem neffcent. Howeer, by ncorporatng maxmum power pont trackng (MPP) algorthm, the ytem power tranfer effcency can be mproe gnfcantly. o ecrbe a wn turbne power charactertc, equaton (3) ecrbe the mechancal power that generate by the wn. P m = 0.5 AC p (λ,β) 3 w he power coeffcent (Cp) a nonlnear functon that repreent the effcency of the wn turbne to conert wn energy nto mechancal energy. It epenent on two arable, the tp pee rato (SR) an the ptch angle. he SR, λ, refer to a rato of the turbne angular pee oer the wn pee. pee, t follow that each wn pee woul hae a fferent correponng optmal rotatonal pee that ge the optmal SR. Fgure 7: Power Cure for a typcal wn turbne For each turbne there an optmal SR alue that correpon to a maxmum alue of the power coeffcent (Cp,max) an therefore the maxmum power. herefore by controllng rotatonal pee, (by mean of ajutng the electrcal loang of the turbne generator) maxmum power can be obtane for fferent wn pee. A olar cell compre of a P-N juncton emconuctor that prouce current a the photooltac effect. Fgure 8: P cell equalent crcut Fgure 6: Power Coeffcent Cure for a typcal wn turbne he ptch angle, β, refer to the angle n whch the turbne blae are algne wth repect to t longtunal ax. Rb Where, w R = turbne rau, ωb = angular rotatonal pee Fgure 6 an 7 are llutraton of a power coeffcent cure an power cure for a typcal fxe ptch (β =0) horzontal ax wn turbne. It can be een from fgure 7 an 8 that the power cure for each wn pee ha a hape mlar to that of the power coeffcent cure. Becaue the SR a rato between the turbne rotatonal pee an the wn P array are contructe by placng numerou olar cell connecte n ere an n parallel. A P cell a oe of a large-area forwar ba wth a photo oltage an the equalent crcut hown by Fgure 9. he current-oltage charactertc of a olar ere a I I I (5) ph D q( RI ) RS I I I ph I0[exp( ) ] (6) AK B Rh Where, Iph = photocurrent, ID = oe current, I0 = aturaton current, A = ealty factor, q = electronc charge.6x0-9, kb = Boltzmann ga contant (.38x0-3), = cell temperature, R = ere retance, Rh = hunt retance, I = cell current, = cell oltage ypcally, the hunt retance (Rh) ery large an the ere retance (R) ery mall. herefore, t common to neglect thee retance n orer to mplfy the olar cell moel. he reultant eal oltage-current charactertc of 66 P a g e

5 S. Panu Ranga Rey et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Reearch an Applcaton ISSN : 48-96, ol. 3, Iue 6, No-Dec 03, pp a photooltac cell gen by (7) an llutrate by Fgure 0 he typcal output power charactertc of a P array uner arou egree of rraaton llutrate by Fgure. It can be obere n Fgure that there a partcular optmal oltage for each rraaton leel that correpon to maxmum output power. range) then the algorthm wll noke no change to the ytem operatng pont nce t correpon to the maxmum power pont (the peak of the power cure). he MPP cheme employe n th paper a eron of the HCS trategy. Fgure the flow chart that llutrate the mplemente MPP cheme.. SIMULAION DIAGRAM Fgure: Smulaton Dagram Fgure 9: Cell Current Cell oltage herefore by ajutng the output current (or oltage) of the P array, maxmum power from the array can be rawn. Due to the mlarte of the hape of the wn an P array power cure, a mlar maxmum power pont trackng cheme known a the hll clmb earch (HCS) trategy often apple to thee energy ource to extract maxmum power. I. SIMULAION RESULS In th ecton, mulaton reult from MALAB-5 are gen to erfy that the propoemult-nput rectfer tage can upport nual a well a multaneou operaton. he pecfcaton for the egn example are gen n ABLE. Fgure. how output AC an DC. Fgure. Show Input DC an AC. Fgure.3 Show fnal Cuk-SEPIC moe. OUPU POWER (W) OUPU OLAGE SWICHING FREQUENCY able : Degn Specfcaton.68 KW 40 8 KHZ Fgure 0: Output Power Output Current he HCS trategy perturb the operatng pont of the ytem an obere the output. If the recton of the perturbaton (e.g an ncreae or ecreae n the output oltage of a P array) reult n a pote change n the output power, then the control algorthm wll contnue n the recton of the preou perturbaton. Conerely, f a negate change n the output power obere, then the control algorthm wll reere the recton of the perou perturbaton tep. In the cae that the change n power cloe to zero (wthn a pecfe Fgure.: Fnal Output AC & DC 67 P a g e

6 S. Panu Ranga Rey et al Int. Journal of Engneerng Reearch an Applcaton ISSN : 48-96, ol. 3, Iue 6, No-Dec 03, pp Fgure.: Input DC & AC Fgure.3: Cuk-SEPIC II. CONCLUSION he common nherent rawback of wn an photooltac ytem are ther ntermttent nature that make them unrelable but by combnng thee two ntermttent ource an by ncorporatng maxmum power pont trackng (MPP) algorthm, the ytem power tranfer effcency an relablty ha been mproe gnfcantly. When a ource unaalable or nuffcent n meetng the loa eman, the other energy compenate for the fference. In th project a New Mult Input Cuk-SEPIC Rectfer Stage for Hybr Wn/Solar Energy ytem ha been mplemente. he feature of th crcut are atonal nput flter are not neceary to flter out hgh frequency harmonc, both renewable ource can be teppe up/own (upport we range of P an wn nput), MPP can be realze for each ource, nual an multaneou operaton upporte. Smulaton reult hae been preente to erfy the feature of the propoe topology. REFERENCES [] S.K. Km, J.H Jeon, C.H. Cho, J.B. Ahn, an S.H. Kwon, Dynamc Moelng an Control of a Gr-Connecte Hybr Generaton Sytem wth eratle Power ranfer, IEEEranacton on InutralElectronc, ol. 55,pp , Aprl 008. [] D. Da, R. Emal, L. Xu, D. Nchol, An Optmal Degn of a Gr Connecte Hybr Wn/Photooltac/Fuel Cell Sytem for Dtrbute Energy Proucton, n Proc.IEEE Inutral Electronc Conference, pp , No [3] N. A. Ahme, M. Myatake, an A. K. Al- Othman, Power fluctuaton uppreon of tan-alone hybr generaton combnng olar photooltac/wn turbne an fuel cell ytem, n Proc. Of Energy Coneron anmanagement, ol. 49, pp. 7-79, October 008. [4] S. Jan, an. Agarwal, An Integrate Hybr Power Supply for Dtrbute Generaton Applcaton Fe by Nonconentonal Energy Source, IEEEranacton on Energy Coneron, ol. 3, June 008. [5] Y.M. Chen, Y.C. Lu, S.C. Hung, an C.S. Cheng, Mult-Input Inerter for Gr- Connecte Hybr P/Wn Power Sytem, IEEE ranacton on Power Electronc, ol., May 007. [6] o Re, F.S., an, K. an Ilam, S., Ung PFC for harmonc mtgaton n wn turbne energy coneron ytem n Proc. of theiecon 004 Conference, pp ,No. 004 [7] R. W. Erckon, Some opologe of Hgh Qualty Rectfer n the Proc. of the FrtInternatonal Conference on Energy, Power, an Moton Control, May 997. [8] D. S. L. Smonett, J. Sebat an, an J. Ucea, he Dcontnuou Conucton Moe Sepc an Cuk Power Factor Preregulator: Analy an Degn IEEE ran. OnInutral Electronc, ol. 44, no. 5, 997 [9] N. Mohan,. Unelan, an W Robbn, Power Electronc: Conerter, Applcaton, an Degn, John Wley & Son, Inc., 003. [0] J. Marque, H. Pnhero, H. Grunlng, J. Pnhero, an H. Hey, A Surey on arable-spee Wn urbne Sytem, Proceeng of Brazlan Conference of Electronc of Power, ol., pp , 003. [] F. Laer an. G. Ang, Photooltac Engneerng Hanbook 990. [] Global Wn Energy Councl (GWEC), Global wn 008 report, June 009. [3] L. Pang, H. Wang, Y. L, J. Wang, an Z. Wang, Analy of Photooltac Chargng Sytem Bae on MPP, Proceeng of Pacfc-Aa Workhop on Computatonal Intellgence an Inutral Applcaton 008(PACIIA 08), Dec 008, pp P a g e