An Isolated Hybrid Fuzzy Controlled-Photovoltaic Diesel-PMSG System

Transcription

1 An Iolated Hybrid Fuzzy ontrolled-photovoltai Dieel-PMSG Sytem Noureddine Hidouri aâad Sbita and Taoufik Mhamdi Reearh Unit of Photovoltai, Wind turbine and Geothermal Sytem National Engineering Shool of Gabe, Tuniia Abtrat in thi aer, a hybrid hotovoltai-dieel ytem ontrol i reented. The onired ytem i omoed of two generator; a hotovoltai array and a ermanent magnet ynhronou generator (PMSG). The aquate hooe between the generator i ontrolled by a fuzzy uervior in orr to fed the onired load aording to ower mand. In orr to feed the iolated load when the P array i inuffiient, a PMSG driven by a dieel motor i ued and a dio retifier and an - filter are aoiated to the PMSG. Thu, in thi ae, the load i fed by both the PMSG and the hotovoltai anel. In the other ae, when the P array ower i uffiient, the load reeive the inut ower only from the hotovoltai array through a boot onverter and a D bu. An imortant imulation work wa erformed in orr to take out the onirable reult. To onfirm the high ytem erformane, reented reult are diued and how how the rooed methodology i an effiient hybrid hotovoltai dieel ontrol roedure. Keyword Hybrid iolated ytem, Photovoltai, Dieel, PMSG, Boot onverter, Fuzzy ontrol. I. INTRODUTION Sulying ontinuouly the ometitive need eletrial energy i an imortant fator for the human oietie and the tehnologie veloment. Stand alone energy generation i need in the iland, the mountain and the iolated grid ower area. The ue of mix energy uh a hotovoltai and wind or hotovoltai and dieel i a better olution [], []. Due to it lean and renewable nature, hotovoltai i beoming the mot imortant renewable energy oure in the world. It offer many advantage uh a emitting no noie, not being olluting, requiring little maintenane, and but the outut ower varie randomly due to flutuation of olar inulation and limati ondition. It omletely diaear during the night hour. There mut be a tand by ower oure to meet the load energy mand. Dieel engine driven generator are the mot ommon eletrial energy rodution heme in mall and medium ize ower aliation i ued to rovi an uninterruted energy oure in remote area, it work a a omenator to the flutuating ower outut of the hotovoltai array (PA) [],[4].That why the ign of hybrid ower ytem ha reeived onirable attention. It may ontitute eonomial olution in many aliation, and rovi more reliable uly of eletriity through the ombination of everal energy oure. Squired-age Indution generator [7], [9] and Synhronou Generator with external field exitation are aoiated with a Dieel engine drive a generator to rodue eletriity. In thi aer a ermanent magnet ynhronou generator i ouled to the dieel engine. In orr to tabilize the magnitu and the voltage frequeny, the eed of the dieel engine i ontrolled. To make oible the onnetion of divere energy oure [], the ign roe of hybrid energy ytem require the management and the eletion of the mot uitable ombination of energy oure. Thu in thi aer a fuzzy uervior i ued to elet the uitable energy oure when the load varie. II. THE HYBRID SYSTEM MODE Taking into aount work ublihed in [8], [9], the rooed hybrid ytem onired in thi work i hown in fig.. The rotor of the PMSG i ouled to the dieel motor in orr to onvert the mehanial ower to eletrial ower required by the onired load. The obtained three hae tator voltage are retified by a three hae full bridge dio retifier and filtered by an filter, o that a mooth required D load voltage an be obtained and the flutuation voltage will be ureed. In the other way, the D load an be fed alo by a D voltage rovid only by the P anel through the PWM boot onverter. A fuzzy uervior i ued in thi hybrid onfiguration to take iion about the hoie between the two way.

2 Governor φ fuel flow ontroller PI Regulator + d Dieel Motor ω m PMSG D Bu Filtre Fuzzy Suervior d oad v Boot onverter α Pv array Fuzzy ogi ontroller Fig. The rooed hybrid ytem onfiguration A. ell and P Mol iewoint rinile, the olar ell allow the onverion of olar energy into eletriity. In the hotovoltai literature, many mol are rooed for the ell rition [5-]. Fig. give the hemati of the equivalent iruit of a olar ell. It omoed of a the light-generated urrent oure ( h ) I, a dio ( D ), a erie reitane ( ) reitane ( R ), [6-8]. R R and arallel I Denote by E g, q, k and β the band ga energy of the emiondutor, the eletron harge, the ial fator of the olar ell and the βoltzman ontant reetively, the revere aturation urrent Ir an be exreed by: I r r _ T qe g ex T _ β k T T _ = I The exreion of the ell harateriti i given by () where I and note reetively the urrent and the voltage ell. () I h D I D R ( + R I ) q I = Ih Ir ex( ( + RI) β kt R () Fig. Equivalent olar ell eletri iruit Relation () give the exreion of the hotourrent ell I h where G, T and K ST are the inolation, the ell juntion temerature and the hort iruit urrent temerature oeffiient. ( _ ( _ )) G I = I + K T T () h ST G At the erene ondition fined by the ell juntion temerature T_ and the inulation G, the hotourrent I h_ i equal to the revere aturation urrent I _. onir a olar anel omoed of arallel grou of module; eah one i omoed of N erie module. A module i omoed of n erie ell. Thi oniration exree the relation between the anel and the ell arameter, relation (4). I = NI ; = nn nn nn R = R ; R = N N R In thi oniration, the non-linear harateriti equation related the anel urrent I to it voltage i hown in (5), f I, are given by (6). where f ( I, ) and ( ) N (4)

3 I = NIh f( I, ) f( I, ) (5) q RI P f ( I, ) = NIr ex + β kt nn N (6) N R I (, ) P f I = + R n N N B. Boot onverter Mol Fig. how the hemati of the boot onverter onneted to the hotovoltai array and ued in thi reearh work. i i a v R i dϕ = + (9) The tator flux vetor ϕ i linked to the rotor flux ϕ r by relation () where θ r rereent the eletri rotor oition. ϕ = ϕ + jθr ϕ r =Φre ( * θr d ) ( * θr i i e i i e ) q j j r () Relation () exre the eletromagneti PMSG torque where i the air ole number. = ϕ i () em i R oad When relation () i veloed, the eletromagneti torque an be alo exreed by: Fig. Shemati of the boot onverter A a hyothei, All the ower vie ued in thi onfiguration are onired ial and both indutive and aaitive loe are negleted. The ial with tate i ontrolled by a PWM ignal haraterized by the oerating eriod T and the duty yle ( ) ( α ) o that during the oerating the time eriod ( ) α T and oen in ( α ) T. T, the with i loed in If we ignate by a Boolean variable that take the value ( = ) if the ial i withed off and the dio i withed on and take the value ( = ) if the ial i withed on and the dio i withed off. Aording to thi ia, the global mol taking aount of the boot onverter mol i given a: R i i = + (7) anel R oad [ ][ i ] t d = (8). PMSG mol Many author rooed different mol for ermanent ynhronou mahine, [6], [7]. In the onvention generator and relatively to the onordia, alied to the mahine winding, the ohm low i given by relation (9): = ( ϕ i ϕ i ) () em d q q d In the Park ynhronou frame, linked to the rotor, relation (9) beame (), where ω r mean the eletri rotor eed: d Φ = + ωr Φ + () R I j The diret and the quadrati omonent of the tator flux vetor are given by relation (4): Φ d = Φr I d Φ q = I q q d D. Dieel engine mol The dieel engine veloed torque ( by relation (5) where ( ) φ and ( τ ) ) (4) an be ribed are reetively the governor adjuted fuel flow and the introdue lay time ombution roe, τ, [],[-]. = k.( φ ) e τ (5) The governor i ribed by relation (6); it i an eletromehanial vie that reeive a ontrol ignal S g in orr to adjut the fuel flow [],[]. kg φ( ) = Sg + τ (6) g

4 E. Dio retifier mol The three hae full bridge retifier i ulied by a three hae voltage of the PMSG given by: v = vm in( ωt) π v = vm in( ωt- ) 4π v = vm in( ωt- ) (7) The outut voltage of the full bridge retifier an be exreed by (8): v = max( v, v, v ) min( v, v, v ) (8) re The oeration law of a full bridge three hae 6-dio retifier fed with a three hae voltage oure: 6 = v =.654v (9) π re M M III. THE HYBRID SYSTEM ONTRO The uerviory ontroller i ued in orr to elet the aquate ytem oerating mo when the mand ower or the available renewable ower varie. A hown on fig.4, three inut are aoiated to the fuzzy ontroller; the error ε (relation ()), the error rivative and the lat tate of the dieel generator. Thee inut and the memorized lat tate of the dieel generator are ued to generate the ignal that fining the new tate of the dieel generator. Table and table give the fuzzy rule table fining the off tate and the on tate of the dieel generator reetively. ε = P P () d du ε Fuzzy ontroller P + P d Fig. 4 Suerviory ontroller Struture ε N Z P dε / N P Z P Z P Z Z P P Z Z Table. Fuzzy rule table of the uervior: at tate of the dieel generator (off tate) ε N Z P dε N P P P Z P P Z P P P Z Table. Fuzzy rule table of the uervior: at tate of the dieel generator (on tate) I. SIMUATION RESUTS A. Power ytem tranfer analyze The imulation in thi work ha been veloed in Matlab/Simulink environnement. Fig. 5 how the rooed load rofile, it over a ower range between u and u, where the nominal PMSG ower equal to 7 watt i onired a bae value. oad ower (u) Time () Fig. 5 Prooed load rofile Fig. 6 how the anel ower reone at a onired inulation equal to W /m. Fig. 7 give PMSG ower reone whih varie with the load in orr to adat the ower tranfer between the generator and the load. PMSG ower (u) Panel ower (u) Time ().5.5 Fig. 6 Panel ower reone Time () Fig. 7 PMSG ower reone B. Analyze hyial ize relating to the PMSG-dieel engine The ommand of the PMSG-dieel ytem i baed on the D voltage required by the load equal to 49. Thi value i omuted a a erene D-bu voltage term. Fig. 8 how the voltage waveform v ( u) of the PMSG tator hae. The generated voltage grow and reahe the rated value.

5 PMSG voltage (u) Time () Fig. 8 PMSG voltage reone Fig. 9 give the outut retifier voltage that reult from a three inuoidal ignal retified by full bridge 6 dio retifier. Outut retifier voltage (u) Time () Fig. 9 Outut retifier voltage. ONUSION The reented work lead to the veloment of dynami ontrolled Photovoltai PMSG-dieel toology and fouing on the ytem ower management and the oordination of ytem uerviion. Dieel engine ouled to a ermanent magnet ynhronou generator (PMSG) ha been found uitable for iolated area aliation. The ue of the boot onverter and the onventional PI ontroller have reetively the advantage of the voltage adatation and the eed regulation. The mutual exhange of information between the P and dieel ontrol outut ower bring u the ytem effiieny, a fuzzy uervior i ued in the ontext. Aendix TABE I. PARAMETERS OF P E (POY-RYSTAINE SIION) Fig. give the evolution of the dieel engine eed that reahe the nominal value at the teady tate. Dieel engine eed (u) Time () Fig. Dieel engine eed. Analyze hyial ize relating to the hotovoltai anel and the boot onverter The ommand of the boot onverter i baed on the D voltage required by the load equal to 49. Thi value i omuted a a erene boot voltage term. The figure and give reetively the anel and the outut boot onverter voltage. The eond one (fig. ) onverge toward the required D voltage aording to the firt one. Panel voltage (u) Boot voltage (u) Time ().5.5 Fig. The anel voltage Time () Fig. Outut boot onverter voltage Oen iruit voltage: o.658 Short iruit urrent : I 8. A Parallel ell reitane: R.8 Ω Serie ell reitane: R.8 mω Solar ell ial fator : k.45 revere dio aturation urrent I.47e- 7 A Short iruit urrent temerature oeffiient TABE II. PARAMETERS OF P MODUE TABE III. P ARRAY PARAMETERS r.7e- A/ K K ST Referene ell temerature: T 5 _ Boltzmann ontant: β.8e -.ev Band ga energy: Rated outut ower Oen iruit voltage: E g Number of erie ell: Oen iruit voltage: Short iruit urrent : o o n 6 6W I 8. A Number of erie module: Number of arallel module: N 4 N 6

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