Changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values in the lumbar intervertebral disc under short-time axial load. mm 2 /s Z=2.

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1 Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research July 23, 2015 Vol.19, No.31 T2 ( ) 1 2 T2-map T2 (2013B ) MRI T1rho T2 T T2W T1WT2-mapping 40% 50% 10 min 2 15 min 2 T2-mapping (EPI) TR ms TE 89 ms 6 b 400 s/mm min b0 T2-mapping T2 T2 T Pfirrmann T ( mm 2 /s Z=2.567 P < 0.05) ( mm 2 /s Z=3.461 P < 0.05) Pfirrmann ( mm 2 /s Z=2.556 P < 0.05) T2 (Pfirrmann ) T2 ( 3.17 ms Z=2.967 P < 0.05) T2 (P > 0.05) T2 Pfirrmann MRI :R318 :B : (2015) T2 [J] (31): doi: /j.issn Changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values in the lumbar intervertebral disc under short-time axial load Cai Zhao-xi, Yang Ze-hong, Li Yong, Chen Jian-yu, Lai Bing-jia (Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou , Guangdong Province, China) Abstract BACKGROUND: Disc functional magnetic resonance imaging studies are mostly carried out under lying and a non-load state, and do not reflect the changes in morphology and function of the upright human body under disc load conditions. Therefore, we need to study characteristics of disc functional magnetic resonance imaging in the upright state. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of axial load on apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 of intervertebral discs. METHODS: The study consisted of 17 patients with low back pain aged years. Before and after axial load, T2 weighted MR imaging, T1 weighted MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and T2-mapping imaging of the lumbar spine were performed. Load quality was 40% 50% body weight. At 10 minutes after axial load, another diffusion tensor imaging was performed. After 15-minute load, another T2-mapping sequence was scanned. Cai Zhao-xi, Master, Physician, Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou , Guangdong Province, China Corresponding author: Chen Jian-yu, Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou , Guangdong Province, China Accepted: ISSN CN /R CODEN: ZLKHAH 5051

2 . T2 Diffusion tensor imaging scan parameters: single echo-planar imaging, repetition time ms, echo time 89 ms, six diffusion directions, b value of 400 s/mm 2, sweep time 4:10 minutes. Raw data of diffusion tensor imaging were used to construct apparent diffusion coefficient map and b0 map. Apparent diffusion coefficient value of intervertebral discs was calculated before and after loading. T2 map was automatically constructed using T2-mapping sequence to measure apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values in the whole intervertebral disc of nucleus pulposus, and the changes of them were analyzed under short-time axial load. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pfirrmann grading results in 17 patients with 85 discs were obtained as follows: 0 in Grade I, 26 in Grade II, 19 in Grade III, 30 in Grade IV, and 10 in Grade V. All 85 disc T2 relaxation time mapping and 84 disc apparent diffusion coefficient mapping were accepted. Under short-time axial load in 84 discs, apparent diffusion coefficient reduced in the whole disc (reduced mm 2 /s, Z=2.567, P < 0.05) and nucleus pulposus (reduced mm 2 /s, Z=3.461, P < 0.05). Apparent diffusion coefficient changes mainly affected Grade Pfirrmann III discs (reduced mm 2 /s, Z=2.556, P < 0.05). T2 changes mainly affected normal intervertebral discs (Pfirrmann grade II). Under the load, T2 value of intervertebral discs diminished (reduced 3.17 ms, Z=2.967, P < 0.05). No significant difference in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 value was detected under the load in other grades of the intervertebral discs (P > 0.05). These results suggest that changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values were different due to different Pfirrmann grades under short-time axial load. To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging function of intervertebral discs, we should choose different evaluation method according to different degeneration degrees. Subject headings: Lumbar Vertebrae; Intervertebral Disk; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding: the Science and Technology Project in the field of social development of Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department, No. 2013B Cai ZX, Yang ZH, Li Y, Chen JY, Lai BJ. Changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values in the lumbar intervertebral disc under short-time axial load. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2015;19(31): Introduction MR MR [1] MR (DWI) [2-6] T2 [3 7] T2 [8-10] 40% 50% [11-17] T2 T2 1 Subjects and methods MRI 1.5T (PHILIPS Gyroscan Intera 1.5T) 5 SE T1W (TR/TE=400 ms/11 ms) T2W(TR/TE= ms/120 ms) T2W-map T2W/map/8*10 TE ms TR ms flip angle 90 NSA 2 FOV 180 mm 93 mm 52 mm3 mm min T2 (EPI) L 3/4 14 TR ms TE 89 ms 5 mm 0 mm 6 b 400 s/mm 2[18] 30 cm 4 10 min T2-mapping [14] 40% 50% 10 min 15 min P.O. Box 10002, Shenyang

. T2 A B C D E F 1 b0 T2 map Figure 1 b0 map, apparent diffusion coefficient map and

2/3 L 3/4 L 4/5 L 5/S 1 B b0 C D T2 map E F T2 map T2-mapping 8 00 10 00 T2 PHILIPS

) T2-mapping T2-mapping T2 ROI 70 100 mm 2 T2 T2 3 Pfirrmann [19] 2 5 17 Pfirrmann 1

1 17 85 Pfirrmann 0 26 19 30 10 17 84 T2 85 T2 2 4 T2WI Pfirrmann 1A 2.

461 P < 0.05) (Pfirrmann ) ( 55 10 3 mm 2 /s Z=2.556 P < 0.

3 . T2 A B C D E F 1 b0 T2 map Figure 1 b0 map, apparent diffusion coefficient map and T2 map using diffusion tensor imaging before and after axial load A firrmann L 1/2 L 2/3 L 3/4 L 4/5 L 5/S 1 B b0 C D T2 map E F T2 map T2-mapping T2 PHILIPS Gyroscan Intera 1.5T MR (MR Systems Intera Release ) b0 ROI-total ROI-center ROI mm mm 2 ROI ROI b0 ROI (L 1/2 L 5 /S 1 ) T2-mapping T2-mapping T2 ROI mm 2 T2 T2 3 Pfirrmann [19] Pfirrmann 1 b0 T2-mapping T2 T2 T2 SPSS 13.0 Pfirrmann T2 t P < Results Pfirrmann T2 85 T2 2 4 T2WI Pfirrmann 1A min ( mm 2 /s Z=2.567 P < 0.05) ( mm 2 /s Z=3.461 P < 0.05) (Pfirrmann ) ( mm 2 /s Z=2.556 P < 0.05) (Pfirrmann ) b0 1B C 1E 2.3 T2-mapping min2 T2-mapping8 85 T2 T2 T2W T2 (Pfirrmann ) T2 ( 3.17 ms Z=2.967 P < 0.05)(Pfirrmann ) (Pfirrmann ) T2 (P > 0.05)T2 map 1DT2 map 1F 3 Discussion 3.1 T2 ISSN CN /R CODEN: ZLKHAH 5053

4 . T2 1 Pfirrmann Table 1 Pfirrmann grading criteria of intervertebral disc degeneration 2 Table 2 Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient in the whole intervertebral discs before and after axial load (x _ ±s, 10 3 mm 2 /s) Pfirrmann t/z P ± ± a > ± ± ± ± > ± ± > ± ± t az t 3 (x _ ±s, 10 3 mm 2 /s) Table 3 Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient in the nucleus pulposus center of intervertebral disc before and after axial load Pfirrmann t/z P ± ± > ± ± > ± ± > ± ± > ± ± a t az t 4 T2 (x _ ±s ms) Table 4 Comparison of T2 value in the intervertebral disc center before and after axial load Pfirrmann T2 T2 t/z P ± ± ± ± > ± ± > ± ± > ± ± a > ± ± a > 0.05 t az t [20] [18] T2 [21] T2 Marinelli [22] T2 T2 T2 [ ] T P.O. Box 10002, Shenyang

5 . T2 T2 Paajanen [36-37] T2W Roberts [38] Zhu [39] T2 Dardzinski [7] T2 T2 T2 T2 ( ) MR T2W T2 Pfirrmann T2 Pfirrmann T2 T2 (Pfirrmann ) (Pfirrmann ) T2 ( ) T2 () T2 [31] (Pfirrmann ) [12] (Pfirrmann ) (Pfirrmann ) [40] 1 ( ) ( ) 3.2 ( )( ) T2 (Pfirrmann ) T2 T2 (Pfirrmann ) T2(Pfirrmann ) T2 T T2 Pfirrmann I (Pfirrmann ) T2 (Pfirrmann ) T2 MRI MRI MRI MRI MRI (DynaweU L-spine) MRI ISSN CN /R CODEN: ZLKHAH 5055

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