Electroweak Sector of the SM

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1 Electroweak Sector of the SM Roger Wolf 29. April 2015 INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL PARTICLE PHYSICS (IEKP) PHYSICS FACULTY KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

2 Schedule for today Does the boson couple only to righthanded particles? Are the following gauge boson self-couplings allowed:,? 3 Electroweak gauge symmetry of the SM 2 Weak isospin (left- and righthandedness) 1 2 Phenomenology of weak interaction

3 The SM of particle physics 3

4 Constituents & interactions of the SM 18 free parameters (Fermion fields) 4 (Gauge fields)

5 Constituents & interactions of the SM 18 free parameters (Fermion fields) 5 (Gauge fields)

6 Phenomenology of weak interaction From the view of a high energy physics scattering experiment: H1 HERA 6

7 Change of flavor & charge 7

8 Parity violation bosons couple only to left-handed particles (and right-handed anti-particles): Maximally parity violating! Intrinsically violating CP as well! 8

9 Heavy mediators 9 Mediation by heavy gauge bosons:

10 The model of weak interactions Sheldon Glashow (*5. December 1932) 10 Steven Weinberg (*3. Mai 1933)

11 (*) space of weak isospin Transforms like a spin ½ object in space of weak isospin. Example: left-handed right-handed & form isospin doublet.(*) forms isospin singlet. Left- & right-handed components of fermions can be projected conveniently: Lagrangian w/o mass terms can be written in form: 11

12 Covariant derivative of Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet only. 12

13 Covariant derivative of Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet only. (ascending operator ) (descending operator) 13

14 Covariant derivative of Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet only. Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet (as a whole) and on isospin singlet. 14

15 Covariant derivative of Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet only. Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet (as a whole) and on isospin singlet. (Gell-Mann Nischijama) 15

16 Covariant derivative of Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet only. Covariant derivative corresponding to acts on isospin doublet (as a whole) and on isospin singlet. (Gell-Mann Nischijama) 16

17 interactions Charged current interaction: from from Neutral current interaction: from 17

18 interactions Charged current interaction: from from Neutral current interaction: from (Weinberg rotation) 18

19 interactions Charged current interaction: Desired behavior: couples to leftand right handed component of in the same way! Neutral current interaction: What is the expression for? 19

20 interactions Charged current interaction: Desired behavior: couples to leftand right handed component of in the same way! Neutral current interaction: What is the expression for? 20

21 Skewness of the Gauge boson eigenstates of the symmetry do not correspond to the eigenstates of the IA: Quark eigenstates of the do not correspond to the quark eigenstates of the (NB: which are the mass eigenstates): 21

22 Non-Abelian gauge structure of This part of the Lagrangian density introduces: Triple Gauge Couplings (TGC) Quartic Gauge Couplings (QGC) Which couplings are allowed (at tree level), which are not? 22

23 Non-Abelian gauge structure of This part of the Lagrangian density introduces: Triple Gauge Couplings (TGC) Quartic Gauge Couplings (QGC) Which couplings are allowed (at tree level), which are not? 23

24 Concluding remarks gauge symmetries of the SM are internal continuous symmetries ( corresponding to Lie-transformations). Of those symmetries the -part has the most peculiar behavior: Fermions can change charge at IA vertex; Fermions can change flavor at IA vertex; No parity conservation; No CP conservation; No EWK symmetry conservation!... Next lecture will discuss the problems of local gauge symmetries with massive particles and the principal of spontaneous symmetry breaking. 24 Prepare The Higgs Boson Discovery at the Large Hadron Collider Section 2.3.

25 Backup 25