CS420/520 Computer Architecture I

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1 CS420/520 Compu Achicu Haza i a Pipli Poco (CA4: Appix A) D. Xiaobo Zhou Dpam of Compu Scic CS420/520 pipli.1 Rviw: Pipliig Lo T a k 6 PM Tim A B C D Pipliig o hlp lacy of igl ak, i hlp houghpu of i wokloa Pipli a limi by low pipli ag Mulipl ak opaig imulaouly Poial pup = Numb pip ag Ubalac lgh of pip ag uc pup Tim o fill pipli a im o ai i uc pup CS420/520 pipli.2

2 Rviw: Sigl Cycl, Mulipl Cycl, v. Pipli Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Clk Sigl Cycl mplmaio: Loa So Wa Clk Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 Cycl 10 Mulipl Cycl mplmaio: Loa fch Rg Exc Mm W So fch Rg Exc Mm R-yp fch Pipli mplmaio: Loa fch Rg Exc Mm W So fch Rg Exc Mm W R-yp fch Rg Exc Mm W CS420/520 pipli.3 Rviw: A Pipli Daapah Clk RgW Exp p Bach PC 1 0 PC+4 A Ui F/D Rgi PC+4 mm16 R Ra Rb R RFil R Rw Di R D/Ex Rgi 0 1 PC+4 mm16 bua bub Exc Ui Ex/M m Rgi Zo Daa Mm RA Do WA Di Mm/W W Rgi 1 Mux 0 RgD Sc MmW MmoRg CS420/520 pipli.4

3 Rviw: Pipli Cool Daa Saioay Cool Th Mai Cool ga h cool igal uig Rg/Dc Cool igal fo Exc (Exp, Sc,...) a u 1 cycl la Cool igal fo Mm (MmW Bach) a u 2 cycl la Cool igal fo W (MmoRg MmW) a u 3 cycl la Rg/Dc Exc Mm W F/D Rgi Mai Cool Exp Sc p RgD MmW Bach MmoRg RgW D/Ex Rgi Exp Sc p RgD MmW Bach MmoRg RgW Ex/Mm Rgi MmW Bach MmoRg RgW Mm/W W Rgi MmoRg RgW CS420/520 pipli.5 Pipli Summay Pipli Poco: Naual hacm of h mulipl clock cycl poco Each fucioal ui ca oly b u oc p iucio f a iucio i goig o u a fucioal ui: - i mu u i a h am ag a all oh iucio p! W hav a poblm! Loa R-yp fch Rg/Dc Exc W Pipli Cool: - Each ag cool igal p NLY o h iucio ha i culy i ha ag CS420/520 pipli.6

4 Ca Pipliig G U io Toubl? Y: Pipli Haza ucual haza: amp o u h am ouc wo iff way a h am im - E.g., combi wah/y woul b a ucual haza cool haza: amp o mak a ciio bfo coiio i valua - bach iucio aa haza: amp o u im bfo i i ay - E.g., o ock of pai i y a o i wah; ca fol uil g ock fom wah hough y - iucio p o ul of pio iucio ill i h pipli Ca alway olv haza by waiig (all) pipli cool mu c h haza ak acio (o lay acio) o olv haza CS420/520 pipli.7 Pipliig h R-yp a Loa ucio Clock Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 R-yp fch Rg/Dc Exc W p! W hav a poblm! R-yp fh fch Rg/Dc Exc W Loa R-yp fch Rg/Dc Exc W R-yp fch Rg/Dc Exc W W hav a poblm: Two iucio y o wi o h gi fil a h am im! ly o wi po -> a ucual haza - Thi o ca b olv o hav all iucio o hav 5 ag CS420/520 pipli.8

5 Sigl Mmoy i a Sucual Haza Tim (clock cycl). Loa AL LU Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm A loa ucual haza Mm Rg Mm Rg Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg CS420/520 pipli.9 pio 1: Sall o olv Mmoy Sucual Haza Tim (clock cycl). Loa 1 2 3(all) 4 Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg bubbl How abou h wo? Mayb puo-mmoy CP = 2 Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg Mm Rg CS420/520 pipli.10

6 Loa Sucual Haza Pfomac mpac Suppo: 1) mmoy aa fc iucio coiu 40% of h iucio mix of a pogam. 2) ial CP (o haza) i 1. 3) h poco wih h ucual haza ha a clock a ha i 1.05 im high ha h clock a of h poco wih ou h ucual haza. Quio: pipli w/ o w/o h ucual haza, which fa? By how much? Aw: Fo pipli w/ h ucual haza: Av. iucio xc. Tim = avag CP * clock cycl im (AET) = (60% * % * 2) * CCT_ial / 1.05 = * CCT_ial Fo pipli w/o h ucual haza : Av. iucio xc. Tim = 1 * CCT_ial Spup = AET_w/ haza / AET_w/o haza = CS420/520 pipli.11 pio 2: Duplica o Rolv Sucual Haza Spaa ucio Cach (m) & Daa Cach (Dm) Tim (clock cycl). Loa m Rg Dm Rg CS420/520 pipli.12

7 Why Allowig Sucual Haza? A poco w/o ucual haza will alway hav a low CP, if oh faco a qual, h why a ig allow ucual haza? Aw: Co! Duplicaio/paaio of C a DC: a) coly ilf b) poco qui wic a much oal mmoy bawih, if i o uppo C a DC acc i h am cycl. CS420/520 pipli.13 Daa Haza o 1 a 1,2, 3 ub 4, 1, 1 5 a 6, 1,7 o 8, 1,9 xo 10, 1, 11 CS420/520 pipli.14

8 Daa Haza o 1: Dpci backwa i im a haza. Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB A 1,2, 3 Sub 4, 5, 1 A 6, 1, 7 8, 1, 9 Xo 10, 1, 11 A LU m Rg Dm Rg CS420/520 pipli.15 Ev Wo: Upicabl Bhavio! up v oh ha bach a jump ha chag h omal flow of iucio xcuio. E.g., aychoou / iup - / iup i o aocia wih ay iucio - / iup o o pv ay iucio fom complio o pick you ow covi poi o ak a iup f a iup occu bw A a Sub iucio Th WB ag of h A will compl Th valu of R1 a ha poi fo h ubqu Sub iucio will b h Righ ul of h A. - Excuio bhavio i upicabl! a 1,2,3 ub 4, 1, 5 CS420/520 pipli.16

9 pio1: HW Sall o Rolv Daa Haza Dpci backwa i im a haza. Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB a 1,2,3 ub 4, 1, 5 a 6, 1, 7 o 8, 1, 9 xo 10, 1, 11 A LU m bubbl bubbl bubbl Rg Dm Rg m Rg Dm m Rg m Rg CS420/520 pipli.17 Bu call u of Daa Saioay Cool Th Mai Cool ga h cool igal uig Rg/Dc Cool igal fo Exc (Exp, Sc,...) a u 1 cycl la Cool igal fo Mm (MmW Bach) a u 2 cycl la Cool igal fo W (MmoRg MmW) a u 3 cycl la Rg/Dc Exc Mm W F/D Rgi Mai Cool Exp Sc p RgD MmW Bach MmoRg RgW D/Ex Rgi Exp Sc p RgD MmW Bach MmoRg RgW Ex/Mm Rgi MmW Bach MmoRg RgW Mm/W W Rgi MmoRg RgW CS420/520 pipli.18

10 pio 1: How HW ally all pipli. HW o chag PC => kp fchig am iucio & cool igal o o big valu (0) Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB a 1,2,3 all all all ub 4,5,1 A LU m bubbl bubbl bubbl bubbl m bubbl bubbl bubbl bubbl m bubbl bubbl bubbl bubbl a 6,1,7 m Rg Dm CS420/520 pipli.19 pio 2: SW i ip iucio Wo ca i NP iucio. Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB a 1,2,3 op op op ub 4,5,1 A LU m Rg Dm Rg a 6,1,7 m Rg Dm CS420/520 pipli.20

11 Simulaou Raig a Wiig o Th gi fil i u i wo ag fo aig i D/RF fo wiig i WB o W o pfom wo a a o wi vy clock cycl o To hal a a a wi o h am gi pfomig gi wi i h fi half of h clock cycl a h a i h co half (hawa implmaio) Rg Rg Avaag? CS420/520 pipli.21 Avaag of Half-ag (Simulaou) Wiig Dpci backwa i im a haza. Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB A 1,2, 3 Sub 4, 5, 1 A 6, 1, 7 8, 1, 9 Xo 10, 1, 11 A LU m Rg Dm Rg CS420/520 pipli.22

12 pio 3 igh: Daa i availabl! Pipli gi alay coai aa. Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB a 1,2,3 ub 4,5,1 a 6,1,7 o 8,1,9 1 9 xo 10,1,11 A LU m Rg Dm Rg CS420/520 pipli.23 HW Chag fo Fowaig (Bypaig): ca muliplxo o a 2 pah fom pipli gi Aum gi a uig wi g w valu (wi h a) (ohwi mo ul o b fowa) Rgi D D/Ex Rgi R R R R Mux Mux Mux FowaA FowaB Ex/Mm Rgi Daa Mmoy Mm/W Rgi Mux Fowaig ui CS420/520 pipli.24

13 HW Chag fo Fowaig (Bypaig): ca muliplxo o a 3 pah fom pipli gi Aum gi a uig wi g w valu (wi h a) (ohwi mo ul o b fowa) Rgi D D/Ex Rgi R R Mu ux Mux FowaA FowaB Ex/Mm Rgi Daa Mmoy Mm/W Rgi Mux R R Mux Fowaig ui CS420/520 pipli.25 Bypaig (co.) Two (o h) xa ipu o ach muliplx a h aiio of pah o h w ipu h oupu a h of h EX (EXEC/MEM EX) a $1, $2, $3 a $4, $1, $1 h oupu a h of h MEM ag (MEM/WB EX) a $1, $2, $3 a $5, $6, $7 lw $4, $1 (100) h mmoy oupu a h of h MEM ag (MEM/WB EX) lw $1, $2 (100) a $5, $6, $7 a $2, $1, $1 CS420/520 pipli.26

14 Clock Th Dlay Loa Phomo Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 10: Loa A 1 A 2 Sub 3 A 4 Alhough Loa i fch uig Cycl 1: Th aa i NT wi io h Rg Fil uil h of Cycl 5 W cao a hi valu fom h Rg Fil uil Cycl 6 3-iucio lay bfo h loa ak ffc if o bypaig Thi i f o a Dlay Loa: Clv ig chiqu ca uc h lay o NE iucio CS420/520 pipli.27 Fowaig uc Daa Haza o 1 cycl:. Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB lw 1, 0(2) 0(2) ub 4,1,6 a 6,1,7 o 8,1,9 1 9 A LU m Rg Dm Rg CS420/520 pipli.28

15 pio2: HW Sall o Rolv Daa Haza pipli ilock : chck fo haza & all. Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB lw 1, 0(2) 0(2) all ub 4,1,3 a 6,1,7 1 7 o 8,1,9 A LU m bubbl bubbl bubbl bubbl AL LU m Rg Dm Rg CS420/520 pipli.29. pio 3: SW p ucio Wo ca i NP iucio MPS oluio: No HW chckig Tim (clock cycl) F D/RF EX MEM WB lw 1, 0(2) 0(2) op ub 4,1,3 a 6,1,7 1 7 o 8,1,9 A LU AL LU m Rg Dm Rg CS420/520 pipli.30

16 pio 4: Sofwa/Compil Schulig / LP Ty poucig fa co fo a = b + c; = f; aumig a, b, c,,, a f i mmoy. Slow co: LW Rb,b LW Rc,c ADD Ra,Rb,Rc SW a,ra LW R, LW Rf,f SUB R,R,Rf SW,R Fa co: LW LW LW ADD LW SW SUB SW Rb,b Rc,c R, Ra,Rb,Rc Rf,f a,ra R,R,Rf,R CS420/520 pipli.31 pio 5: Hawa/Dyamic Schulig / LP Saic/compil pipli chulig by h compil i o miimiz all by paaig p iucio o ha hy will o la o haza Dyamic hawa chulig i o avoi all wh pc, which coul ga haza, a p. CS420/520 pipli.32

17 Pipli Daa Haza Dcio (Dlay Loa) Compaig h iaio a ouc of ajac iucio CS420/520 pipli.33 Pipli lock Cool (fo Dlay Loa) pco of D/EX pco fil of F/D (D/EX.R 0 5) (F/D.R 0 5) Machig opa fil Loa Rg-Rg D/EX.R[] == F/D.R[] Loa Rg-Rg D/EX.R[] == F/D.R[] Loa Loa, So, D/EX.R[] == imm, bach F/D.R[] Th logic o c h fo loa ilock uig h D ag of a iucio qui h/wo compaio Why h: i R-yp i h am bi poiio of h iucio a ha of -yp? Though i MPS, hy a! CS420/520 pipli.34

18 Fom La Lcu: Th Dlay Bach Phomo Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 Cycl 10 Cycl 11 Clk 12: Bq (ag i 1000) 16: R-yp 20: R-yp 24: R-yp 1000: Tag of B Alhough Bq (4 cycl v. 3 cycl BEQZ/BNEZ) i fch i Cycl 4: Tag a i NT wi io h PC uil h of Cycl 7 Bach ag i NT fch uil Cycl 8 3-iucio lay bfo h bach ak ffc Thi i f o a Cool Haza (ga lo ha aa haza): mak a ci. ba o ul of a i. whi. oh a xcuig Clv ig chiqu ca uc h lay o NE iucio CS420/520 pipli.35 Gal Cool Haza Soluio: Sall. A Bq Loa Tim (clock cycl) Mm Rg Mm Rg AL LU Mm Rg Mm Rg Lo poial Mm Rg Mm Rg Sall: wai uil ciio i cla mpac: 3 o 2 lo cycl (i.., if ZER cio i happ a PC upa i h of ag 3 i bach iucio) => low Mov ciio o of co Mov Zo o D/RF ag (lik BEQZ/BNEZ) A o calcula w PC i D/RF ag 1 clock cycl paly fo bach v. 3 CS420/520 pipli.36

19 Rcall: A Abac Mulipl Cycl Daapah A Mov ciio o of co 1) Mov Zo o D/RF ag (lik BEQZ/BNEZ) 2) A o calcula w PC i D/RF ag; 1 cycl paly v. 3 CS420/520 pipli.37 Rcap: A Viw of h Pipli Excuio Ui You a h! Clk Exc Mov o ag 2? 32-bi imm i D/Ex Mm D/Ex Rgi SigEx PC+4 32 bua 32 bub 32 imm16 16 Ex << A Mux 1 Tag 32 3 Cool Zo ou 32 c Ex/Mm: Loa Mmo oy A Exp=1 Sc=1 3 p=a CS420/520 pipli.38

20 Tak Bach v. No-Tak Bach Clk Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 Cycl 10 Cycl 11 12: Bq 16: ucco fch fch Rg/Dc Exc Mm W 20: ucco : ucco + 2 all How hi all ca b implm by cool? Tak bach: f a bach chag h PC o i ag a No-Tak (uak) bach: f a bach quially fall hough f h bach abov i o ak, h co F fo bach ucco i ua How o ak h avaag ic h igh iucio wa i fch? CS420/520 pipli.39 Rucig Pipli Bach Pali: Fou impl compil-im chm STATC: fix fo ach bach uig h i xcuio; ofwa y o miimiz h bach paly by uig kowlg of h hawa a of bach bhavio Mo powful HW a SW chiqu fo boh aic a yamic bach picio ucio Lvl Paalllim (LP) CS420/520 pipli.40

21 Tchiqu 1: fzig/fluhig Fzig o fluhig Holig o lig ay iucio af h bach uil h bach ciio & iaio i kow - Simpliciy fo boh HW a SW HW o chag PC => kp fchig am iucio & cool igal o big valu (0) - Ealy oluio (fix paly, CP 2 fo bach iucio) Clk Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 Cycl 10 Cycl 11 12: Bq 16: ucco fch 20: ucco : ucco + 2 all CS420/520 pipli.41 Tchiqu 2: o-ak bach Sigl Dicio Picio; o-ak bach Ta vy bach a o ak Allowig HW o coiu a if h bach w o xcu - implifi h iucio fch - l pipli poco,.g., l i486 Wha if bach i ak? - Fo ig bchmak, bach a ak abou 60% - Tu h fch iucio io a oop, a a F a h ag a - o amag ha b o y o Rgi & Mmoy! - Fo ig bchmak, bach a ak abou 60% CS420/520 pipli.42

22 Tchiqu 2 (Pic-o-ak) Diagam Uak bach ucio i + 1 ucio i + 2 ucio i + 3 ucio i + 4 Tak bach 1 all ucio i + 1 Bach ag Bach ag + 1 Bach ag + 2 fch il il il il CS420/520 pipli.43 Tchiqu 3: ak bach Sigl Dicio Picio; ak bach Ta vy bach a ak -- a high picio accuacy (60%) Quio 1: o i mak i ou fiv-ag pipliig? - Do o kow h ag a ay ali ha w kow bach oucom Quio 2: wh o i mak? - om poco, bach ag a i availabl bfo h bach oucom - Bu of mo HW o calcula h bach a ali B picio accuacy: Backwa Tak/Fowa No Tak - Majoiy of backwa bach a loop bach, which uually ia may im bfo xiig; i bach a likly l ak - Po: o SA moificaio ic h ig of ag iplacm i co i h bach iucio. - Exampl: HP PA-RSC2.0 SA CS420/520 pipli.44

23 Tchiqu 4: lay bach Excuio cycl bach iucio quial ucco 1 bach ag if ak o quial ucco 2 if o ak A HW compo: bach lay lo (1 fo MPS) - ucio ii i xcu whh bach i ak o o - Thu, wha i h job fo h compil? Mak h ucco iucio vali a uful! CS420/520 pipli.45 Tchiqu 4 Exampl Uak bach Bach lay ucio (i+1) ucio i + 2 ucio i + 3 ucio i + 4 Tak bach Bach lay ucio (i+1) Bach ag Bach ag + 1 Bach ag + 2 CS420/520 pipli.46

47 Summay of Pipliig Haza Sp Up a Pipli Dph; if ial CP i 1, h: Spup = Pipli ph Clock cycl upipli 1 Pipli all cycl p iucio Clock cycl pipli Wha mak i ay all

24 Schulig h Bach Dlay Slo (BDS) (pic-ak) (pic-o-ak) copi R7: a uu Tmpoay R Mak h ucco iucio vali a uful! Wo ca: mu b K o xcu BDS wh h bach go i h uxpc icio. CS420/520 pipli.47 Summay of Pipliig Haza Sp Up a Pipli Dph; if ial CP i 1, h: Spup = Pipli ph Clock cycl upipli 1 Pipli all cycl p iucio Clock cycl pipli Wha mak i ay all iucio a h am lgh ju a fw iucio foma mmoy opa appa oly i loa a o Wha mak i ha: haza limi pfomac o compu: ucual: mo HW ouc aa: fowaig (& imulaou wi), compil chulig cool: aly valuaio & PC, lay bach, picio Compil ky o ucig co of aa a cool haza Mo aig: CA 5: Appix C.2-C.4 C 4: Chap CS420/520 pipli.48

ECE 361 Computer Architecture Lecture 13: Designing a Pipeline Processor

ECE 361 Computer Architecture Lecture 13: Designing a Pipeline Processor ECE 361 Compu Achicu Lcu 13: Digig a Pipli Poco 361 haza.1 Rviw: A Pipli Daapah Clk fch Rg/Dc Exc Mm W RgW Exp p Bach PC 1 0 PC+4 A Ui F/D Rgi PC+4 mm16 R Ra Rb R RFil R Rw Di R D/Ex Rgi 0 1 PC+4 mm16