Engineering Science, ; 2. ] A [ ] (2002)

Transcription

1 Engineering Science Dec Vol14 No ( ; ; ) [ ] ( ) 3 ; 4 [ ] ; ; ; ; [ ] T K7 [ ] A [ ] (2002) : ; % 680 GW 380 GW 80 GW 21 % 37 % ; 1982 ; 1998 :?! 2 ( ) ; ( ) [ ] [ ] ( ) Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

2 48 4 ; 1 Fig11 The Yalu Tsangpo River volley of middle and lower reaches m m (7 100 m) m 268 km % ; m/ s ; m km ; % ; ( 155 m) 496 km 0155 % 2/ 3 1 Table 1 A survey of the Yalu Tsangpo River / km / 10 4 km / m 3 s / GW / m m 600 m 39 km 16 km m m 3 s GW GW m m ( ) GW 113 GW % 6818 GW GW m ; 2 ( 3) ( 4) Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

3 12 : 49 2 Fig12 A schematic drawing of the Ya2river hydro power station 12 GW 1/ 3 1/ 3 3 Fig13 Series development for 1st phase 3 A ; B 4 Fig11 Parallel development for 1st phase Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

4 50 4 : 2 : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 1/ 3 50 % : 1) 2 : 39 km 60 ; 16 km ) 500 km ) 4) 5) Table 3 A dynamic investment estimation of the 212 Ya2river power project ; 3 4 : a1 ; b1 ( 5 ) ; c1 7 % 14 % 5 Table 2 A static investment estimation of the Ya2river hydro power project / GW / 10 3 m / / / a % 4 % 4 % 6 % 3 % 3 % 3 % 3 % (1107) 6 = 1150 (1107) 415 = 1136 (1107) 4 = 1131 (1109) 8 = 1199 / Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

5 12 : 51 4 ( 0125 / kw h 20 / a) Table 4 A benefit analysis of the Ya2river hydro power project 12 GW 14 GW 14 GW / h / 10 8 kw h % 14 % 14 % / 10 8 kw h / / / : 1) 50 GW 2000 : 2) 20 3) 4 : 4 4) m 4 1)? : : 1) 2)? m 3 : 2) Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

6 52 4 2) 2)? 3 : 3) 12 m 10 m 4) 3) [ R ]. : 1963 [ 2 ]. [ M ]. : GW [ 3 ]. [ N ]. : 1993 [ 4 ]. [ M ] 1996 [ 5 ]. 4) [ N ]. : ; [ 6 ]. [ R ]. : 2000 : [ 7 ]. ( ) [A ]. 7 [ 8 ]. [ N ]. : 1) 3 ; [ 1 ]. [ C] Hydro Power Development at the Yalu Tsangpo River Xu damao 1 Chen chuanyou 2 Liang weiyang 3 (1. China Guangdong N uclear Power Hol ding Co. L TD S henz hen Guangdong China ; 2. I nstit ute of Geographical Sciences and N at u ral Resou rces Research Chi nese A cadem y of Sciences Beijing China ; 3. Harbin Power Equi pment Group Co. L TD Harbin China) [ Abstract] As the largest river in Tibet the Yalu Tsangpo River ( hereinafter referred to as the river) is abundant in hydropower resources in the range of 113 GW. The river has a U 2shaped elbow in t he Great Gorge area to form an ideal site for a gigantic hydropower station of 40 GW the largest in the world to date. With the foregoing background this paper outlines a preliminary project program in this regard. In the opinion of the present author the mountain should be tunneled at an appropriate point to form a massive hydraulic head of 2280 m. The entire project will be divided into three phases with GW implemented at each stage. (cont. on p. 65) Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 12 : 65 Application and Prospects of Water Jet Technology in Petroleum Engineering Shen Zhonghou Li Gensheng Wang Ruihe ( College of Pet roleum Engineering U niversity of Pet roleum Dongying S handong Chi na) [ Abstract] This paper presents the study and applications of water jet technology in petroleum engineering. A mat hematic model of pressure and water power attenuation under t he condition of submergence and non2 f reedom is set up t hrough experiment s. hydraulic power at bottomhole and optimize water parameters. A novel met hod and it s model are established to gain maximum In addition t he basic equation and st ruct ure model of two kinds of resonating chamber are set up according to t ransient flow t heory and hydro2acoustics. Under the impact of drilling biaxial stress a model of predicting the fracture propagation is founded utilizing rock fracture mechanics. On the base of above models and theories three new kinds of bits i. e. extended nozzle roller bit self2resonating water jet bit and combined jet and mechanical rock2cutting bit are developed. Also t he paper point s t he prospect s of applications of water jet technology in deep2well drilling low2 permeability reservoir production and enhanced oil production. [ Key words] water jet technology ; oil well drilling ; oil & gas production ; high and ultra2high pressure jet (cont. from p. 52) The electrical output of the first phase can be supplied to Southeast Asia and that of the subsequent phases to southeastern China (especially Guangdong Province). The cost estimated for the project is less than that of the Three Gorges project due primarily to the fact that there is no need to consider such factors as flood control shipping rerouting and population resettlement all of which t ranslate into immediate economic benefit s. Meanwhile the project will set four straight world records namely the largest hydropower station the largest generating unit the highest waterfall and the largest gorge. As a result the project is of immense significance to t he sustainable develop ment of international influence. Tibet and to China as a whole and is also bound to exert t remendous Due to t he complexities and size associated wit h t he project a huge number of difficulties and problems must be f ully addressed beforehand. It is hoped t hat all t he involved difficulties will be discussed and analyzed in2dept h wit h a view to reaching scientific and practical conclusions for t he project. [ Key words] the Yalu Tsangpo River ; hydropower ; development ; investment ; benefit Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.