ZVS-ZCS Bidirectional Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter

Transcription

1 ZS-ZS Bdectnal Full-Bdge D-D nete PEDS009 hng-ung hu Y hen Deatent f Electcal Engneeng Suthen Tawan Unety Tanan, TAWA. R.O.. 70 Abtact A bdectnal ze-ltage-wtchng (ZS) and zecuent-wtchng (ZS) full-bdge dc-dc cnete ed n th ae. The ed full-bdge cnete tlgy wth lw le nut cuent, whch cnet the enegy f battey t D bu ( lad) and ce ea. n de t e the eall effcency, the ed bdectnal cnete ue the leakage nductance f the tanfe and a caact t achee ccut enance. The enant fequency eated n abut duble fequence f the ay wtch. n th ae, the an wtche and utut ynchnu ectfe ae eated n ZS and ZS when beng wtched n and wtched ff. nete dectn and eatng ncle f the ed cnete ae dcued n th ae. Fnally, a labaty ttye wth utut we 50W n bth buck/chage eatn de and bt/dchage eatn de leented t aldate the theetcal analy. Keywd- full-bdge D/D nete, ZS, ZS, bdectnal nete. can achee bth all le f the nut cuent and all le f the utut ltage. Futhee, the an wtche and utut ynchnu ectfe ae eated n ZS and ZS when beng wtched n and wtched ff. n n n c c Q Q S d D S S Q d D S S D S S lk D S Sa Qa Q a da lk D Sa Sa Qa Q a da D Sa Fg. Ped ZS-ZS Bdectnal Full-Bdge D-D nete. Sa D Sa Sa D Sa c c n batt. TRODUTO Bdectnal dc-dc cnete allw tanfe f we between tw dc uce, n ethe dectn. Thee ae nceang deand f bdectnal dc-dc cnete n alcatn lke dc unnteutable we ule (UPS), battey chage ccut, telec we ule, butn yte and cute we yte[-8]. The cntl technlgy n b-dectnal cnete utlze tly ule wh dulatn (PWM) cntl technlgy [- 7]. Becaue the had wtchng PWM technlgy lead the effcency f cnete can t nceae [9]. n the ecent yea, the ble leentatn f bdectnal cnete ung ft wtchng ae elyed n the technlgy, uch a zeltage-wtchng cnete [5, 0-], ee -- enant cnete [, ], and aallel enant cnete [, 5], they can achee ze-ltage-wtchng and nceae we cnen effcency. Thee ae htcng f aable fequency n qua-enant cnete (QR) and ultenant cnete (MR) [6, 7], t le the ble the ze-wtchng PWM cnete ed. Th ae e a ZS- ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete f alcatn a fuel cell yte, battey chage ccut and butn yte etc. n de t e the eall effcency, deceae the ccut clexty and hae a le cntl ccut, t can be leented n the ed tlgy. The leakage nductance f the tanfe and a caact ae utlzed t achee ccut enance. The ed ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete. OERTER DESRPTO The we tage daga f the ed ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete hwn n Fg.. The cnete ha tw de f eatn. When we flw f the lw ltage de t the hgh ltage de, the ccut wk n dchage eatn (bt de) t we the hgh ltage de lad; thewe, t wk n chage eatn (buck de) t chage the lw ltage de battey. n the buck / chage eatn de, the enegy f the dc an chage the battey. t cnt f MOSFET an wtche Q ~ Q, nut nduct, enant caact. n The hunt caact ~ and the hunt bdy dde D ~ D ae the aatc dan-t-uce caactance and bdy dde f the MOSFET, eectely. The ee nduct lk the leakage nduct f the an de f the tanfe. The ee nduct the leakage nduct f lk the ecnday de f the tanfe. The aaete alue f the tanfe ae eaued by a R ete, and the equalent leakage nduct calculated by (). P lk lk S () 5

2 n the bt/dchage eatn de, the wtche Q ~ Q ae a an wtche. The hunt caact a a ~ and the hunt bdy dde D ~ D a a a a ae the aatc dan-t-uce caactance and bdy dde f the MOSFET eectely. Swtche Q ~ Q ae the utut ynchnu ectfe. : :.8 lk lk n n n n c c d SD S d SD S Q Q Sa a Q a d d da lk lk c SaD Sa D batt Sa c da batt d S d S Q Q Q Sa Sa a Q a d d da D S D D S Sa D Sa da Fg. buck / chage eatn de PEDS u 6. u Fg. Tanfe del n the chage/dchage de, utlzng the agnetzng cuent f the tanfe and the aatc dan-t-uce caact, the ltage f an wtche wll fall t ze befe the an wtche ae tuned n. Theefe, the an wtche can be eated unde ZS. When the wtche ae tuned ff, a enant ccut fed thugh the equalent leakagenductance and the enant caact. Thu, bth the an wtche and the utut ectfe can be eated unde ZS. The eall effcency f the cnete wll nceae. ( ( g ga g ga g ga g ) ga d, d d, d, d d, d d ) 56 c c. Dectn f Oeatng Pncle The gate gnal f the ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete yetc wtchng. Befe the an wtche ae tuned n, the wtche ltage dchaged t ze, t can ake the an wtche tun-n unde ZS. At the ae te, the enant ccut ced f the enant caact and the enant nduct, the cuent f the ccut actated n a nudal waef that aed f ze and fall t ze. Theefe, befe the wtch tuned ff and the cuent fall t ze, bth the an wtche can be eated unde ZS. The fllwng autn ae ade t lfy the analy f the ed ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete.. nut ueed nductance, lage, theefe, n n the nut cuent le all.. The nduct and caact ae deal, ee equalent etance den t be cndeed.. Outut caactance ae lage enugh, can be cndeed a ltage uce. c da da t 0 t t t t t 5 t 6 T T Fg. key waef dung the buck / chage eatn de A. Buck / chage eatn de n th de, Fg., the dc an n, weng the lad, de the battey chagng cuent. Fg. dect the key waef f the ed ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete that eated n buck / chagng de. Fg. 5 hw the x tage ccu e ne wtchng cycle n the 6

3 PEDS009 n c c n n c c n d d S da Sa d d S S da Sa n Q d lk Q a lk c batt n Q d d lk lk Q a Sa da c batt n c n c d d S Q Q d Q a Sa Q a d d S Q Q d S d Sa Sa Qa Q a da da da n c c n n c c n d d S D S da d d S n Q d Q a da lk lk Sa D Sa c batt n Q d Q a da lk lk Sa c batt n c n c da d d Q Q S Qa Q a Sa d d Q Q S Qa Q a Sa d d D S D Sa da da n c c n n c c n d d S S Sa d D S d S Sa Q Q a Q Q a n d d lk lk Sa da c batt n d lk lk D Sa c batt n c da n c da d d S Q Q d S d Sa Sa Qa Q a da d d S Sa Q Q Qa Q a d da da D S da D Sa Fg. 5 Equalent ccut f the ed cnete n buck / chagng de: (a) tage [ t t ], (b) tage [ t t ], (c) tage [ t t ],(d) tage [ t t ], (e) tage5 [ t t ], (f) tage6 [ t t ] 0 t t t t t 5. 5 t 6 teady tate eatn n chage eatn (buck de). Stage : [ t t ] At t t 0 0 t, the aatc caact ltage f an wtch Q ae cletely dchaged and ( ) and d Q and ( t ) deceae t ze. d Q and Q ae then tuned n, a hwn n Fg. 5(a), and eated unde ZS. At the ae te, the aatc caact ltage ( t ) and ( t ) f the an d d wtch Q and Q wa axately chaged t. The c nut cuent cntnue t chage the enant n caact, and the enant nduct cuent f a aallel enant ccut l thugh the equalent leakage-nductance f the tanfe. The enant nduct cuent n a nudal waef and fall t ze at t t, whch caue the an wtch Q and Q t be tuned ff alng wth ZS. When the gate gnal eed at t t, th tage fnhed. n th tate, the enant nduct cuent nclude the agnetzng cuent, whch t ey all caed wth the enant cuent. T lfy th ccut f analy, the agnetzng cuent neglected n th tage. The equalent enant ccut hwn n Fg. 5(a). The enant nduct cuent (), enant caact ltage ( ), enant caact cuent ( ), can be c c wtten a: () ( ) ( ) n 0 n 0 c0 c ( ) n 0 n n 0 n 0 n [ ( ) ] 0 n n 0 n ( ) n 0 n n 0 n 0 n [ ( ) ( ) ( )( )] 0 n c n c0 0 n c0 c ( ) n 0 ( ) n 0 n n n 0 n 0 n n n n n () () () 0 0 n n () () c n 7

4 Stage [ t t ] t () () c () 0 c c () At the begnnng f th tage, the enant ccut fnhed and nly the agnetzng cuent ean n the ccut. The equalent ccut hwn n Fg. 5(b). At the ae te, the an wtch Q and Q ae tuned ff, and the an wtch Q and ae nt tuned n. Subequently, the agnetzng cuent chage the aatc caact and, Thu, the aatc caact and ltage ( t ) and ( t ) educed t ze, and the aatc d d dde D and D bece fwad-baed. The aatc caact and ltage ( t ) and ( t ) ae nceaed d d t ( t ), and th tage fnhe. n th tate, the equatn f c the aatc caact and change and and dchage can be wtten a: Stage [ t t ] t d d d d c c ( t ) t t t t t t t t () The agnetzng cuent ae thugh the aatc dde D and D, whle the an wndng and enant caact f a ccut l. The equalent ccut hwn n Fg. 5(c). At the ae te, the nut cuent n chage the enant caact, and the enant caact ltage ( t ) nceae lnealy. The c ltage nealy equal t ( t ) and nceae lnealy. When ( t ) c and Q batt a, Q a nt tuned n, and the d ( t ) equal t d ( t ). The ecnday de ltage ( t ) f the tanfe can be wtten a: ( t ) ( t ) () c The del f tage [ t t t ], tage 5 [ t t t ] 5 tage 6 [ t t ] and t 5 6 ae la t the del f tage,, and, eectely. Theefe, the exlanatn ae tted n th ae. B. Bt / dchage eatn de The cnete eate n th de, Fg. 6, n falue f the dc an. The battey dchage t uly the lad we. The de ethd f the wtch and the eatn de f the cnete n the ccut ae the ae a buck / chage eatn de, we dn t dcu hee. n c d lad Q c Q SD S Q d SD S lk D S S d S Q d D S Q a lk n da da c D Q Sa a batt da Sa c SaD Sa Sa Qa Q a da D Sa da Fg. 6 bt / dchage eatn de Sa D Sa da batt. Exeental eult n de t efy the ed ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete theetcal analy, a 50W utut we chage de (buck de) and a 50W utut we dchage de (bt de) wll be bult and teted n the labaty. The cnfguatn f the ed cnete hwn n Fg. The exeental eult ae btaned wth the fllwng aaete a table : Buck/hage de Bt/Dchage de Table Exeental aaete nut D ltage Outut D ltage Outut Pwe PEDS009 Renant equalent nduct.00 μ Renant caact 5. ~ ~ 8. 50W H 0 μf. ~ ~ 6. 50W 0. μh μf A. Buck/chage eatn de The exeental eult n chagng de at full lad ae hwn n Fg. 7 t Fg. 9. Fg. 7 hw the waef f the dan-t-uce ltage d and the wtch cuent d f we MOSFET Q at the full lad. t beed that, befe cuent tatng t e f ze, the dan-t-uce d ltage al ze. Thu, the an wtche Q ~ Q d ae tuned n unde ZS. Due t a geate equalent nductn leakage f the tanfe, the wtche cuent can t fall t ze, a hwn n fg. 7. Fg. 8 hw the waef f the utut ynchnu ectfcatn wtche ltage and the cuent at the da da full lad, whee the wtch cuent tat t e f ze. da A hwn, the utut ynchnu ectfe ae tuned n by ZS. 8

5 Fg. 9 hw the waef f the dc uce nut cuent, enant cuent f tanfe n, and enant caact ltage at the full lad. The ed cnete can c achee a teady tate and all le nut cuent n wthut addng any exta flte. The effcency f ed cnete n chagng de hwn n Fg. 0. The ed cnete ha the axu effcency f 89% at full lad cnn f 50 W t 50 W. g PEDS009 η (%) 00% buck/chage de f effcency(η) 98% Duty 5.% 96% 9% 9% 90% 88% 86% 8% 8% Pwe (W) Fg. 0 eaued effcency at dffeent lad leel at chagng de d d g 0 / d, 50 / d, 0 A / d, d d te 0μ / d Fg. 7 Exeental waef f the ZS-ZS f Q at the full lad. da da da 0 / d, 0 A / d, te 0μ / d da Fg. 8 ZS eatn f utut ynchnu ectfe Q at the full lad. a c B. Bt/dchage eatn de The exeental eult n dchagng de at full lad ae hwn n Fg. t Fg.. Fg. hw the tuned-n tanent waef f Q ncludng, and,and we a ga da da cnfed that Q tuned-n n ZS cnn. The danuce ltage and dan cuent f MOSFET Q at a da da a the full lad ae hwn n Fg., a hwn, when the dan cuent f wtch deceae t ze, the dan-uce da ltage tuned n. Thu, the an wtche Q ~ Q da a a ae tuned n unde ZS. Due t a geate equalent nductn leakage f the tanfe, the wtche cuent can t fall t ze, a hwn n fg.. Fg. hw the waef f the utut ynchnu ectfcatn wtche ltage d and the cuent d at the full lad, whee cuent tat t e f ze. A hwn, d the utut ynchnu ectfe ae tuned n by ZS. Fg. hw the waef f the battey cuent batt, enant cuent f tanfe, and enant caact ltage at the full lad. The ed cnete can c achee a teady tate and all le nut cuent batt wthut addng any exta flte. The effcency f ed cnete n dchagng de hwn n Fg.. The ed cnete ha the axu effcency f 86% at full lad cnn f 50 W t 50 W. n ga da c 0 / d, A / d, A d n 5 /, te 0μ / d Fg. 9 Waef f, c n, and at the full lad. da ga 0 / d, 50 / d, 0 A / d, da da te 0μ / d Fg. Exeental waef f the ZS-ZS f Q at the full lad. a 9

6 d PEDS009 t wa beed that the eatn ncle and the theetcal analy f th cnete wee exactly efed by the ttye f a 50 W n bth dchage eatn and chage eatn. d d 0 / d, 0 A / d, te 0μ / d d Fg. ZS eatn f utut ynchnu ectfe Q at the full lad c batt c 0 / d, 0 A / d, A d batt 0 /, te 0μ / d Fg. Waef f,, and at the full lad c batt η (%) 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% bt/dchage de f effcency(η) Pwe (W) Fg. eaued effcency at dffeent lad leel at dchagng de.. nclun Duty % We ed ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete utlzng the leakage nductance f the tanfe and a caact t achee ccut enance. The bdectnal full-bdge cnete ue nly an nut nduct t btan the all le f the nut cuent, and an utut caact t btan the all le f utut ltage. F the exeental eult, the an wtche and utut ynchnu ectfe ae eated n ZS and ZS when beng wtched n and wtched ff. The an wtch ltage te can be ueed effectely and the wtchng l can be educed. The eall cnen effcency n th ed ZS-ZS bdectnal full-bdge dc-dc cnete nceaed. REFEREES. n-ku hang, Ru-Shuan Yang, An lated full-bdge D/D cnete wth bdectnal cuncatn caablty, EEE Pwe Electnc and Mtn ntl nfeence,. 0-5, 008. M. Jan, M. Danele and P. K. Jan, A Bdectnal D-D nete Tlgy f w Pwe Alcatn, EEE Tanactn n Pwe Electncl.5,., July K. Yaat, E. Hak, T. Tanaka, M. akaka, and T. Mha, Bdectnal D-D cnete wth full-bdge / uh-ull ccut f autble electc we yte, EEE Pc. PES 06,. -5, Jun B. Ray, Bdectnal dc dc we cnen ung qua-enant tlgy, n Pc. EEE Pwe Electnc Secalt nfeence,.67-6, June G. Hua and F.. ee, Sft-wtchng technque n PWM cnete, EEE Tanactn ndutal Electnc, l., , E. S. Klde, J. B. Ejea, A. Feee, E. Maet. Etee, J. Jdan, A. Gag and J. alente, Bdectnal uled nduct Ste-u nete f Battey Dchagng-hagng, EEE Pwe Electnc Secalt nfeence,. 6-68, K. enkatean, uent de cntlled bdectnal flyback cnete, n Pc. EEE Pwe Electnc Secalt nfeence,. 85-8, June July H. S.-H. hung, Wa-eung heung, and K. S. Tang, A ZS Bdectnal Flyback D/D nete, EEE Tanactn n Pwe Electnc, l.9, 6-, K.-W. Ma and Y.-S. ee, An ntegated flyback cnete f D unnteutable we ule, EEE Tanactn n Pwe Electnc, l.,. 8 7, Ma Quan and P. Wlf, A leakage-nductance-baed ZS tw-nduct bt cnete wth ntegated agnetc, EEE Pwe Electnc ette, l.,. 67 7, Techeng Sun, Xueqn Zhu, Hngeng u, an ang, and Peng Ga, A el ZS PWM FB D/D nete Ung Auxlay Renant et, n Pc. th ntenatnal Pwe Electnc and Mtn ntl nfeence,. 78 7, K. S and. Q. ee, ntant wtchng fequency -tye ee enant cnete, n Pc. nd Mdwet Syu n cut and Syte, l.,. 5 56, Yle Gu, Zhengyu u and Zhang Qan, A el Renant nete Tlgy: ltage Stee f All nent n Secnday Sde Beng Half f Outut ltage, n Pc. f ES/EEE 5th ntenatnal Pwe Electnc and Mtn ntl nfeence, l.,. 5, Q. ee, R. u, and. Bataeh, Paallel enant cnete wth -tye cutatn, EEE Tanactn Aeace and Electnc Syte, l. 5,. 8 87, Buche, T. Dubau, D. Kubch, and A. Stadle, an f Dffeent Degn Methd f the Paallel Renant nete, n Pc. th ntenatnal Pwe Electnc and Mtn ntl nfeence, , Yang B., ee F.., A. J. Zhang, and G. S. Huang, enant cnete f fnt end dc/dc cnen, EEE APE, 00, u B., u W., ang Y., ee F..an Wyk J. D., Otal degn ethdlgy f enant cnete, EEE APE, 006,