the neutron source for the Fusion Program

Transcription

1 the neutron source for the Fusion Program, IFMIF/EVEDA Project Team, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Electric Power Supply Industrial HVAC Access Cell Nuclear HVAC PIE Detritiation Process RF Modules 0 10m Injector RFQ SRF Linac Beam Dump Li Loop Test Cell Post Irradiation Examination Wally Europeans Research Day 2016 European Delegation Tokyo 1

2 Personal career I obtained master degree in Mechanical Engineering in Padua University in I started to work in my thesis in collaboration with INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) on the mechanical design of a RFQ accelerator structure, one of the subsystem of the IFMIF/EVEDA accelerator. I continued my studies on the mechanical design and production of the RFQ in collaboration with INFN and I obtained PhD in Industrial Engineering in In November 2012 I won a selection for a position in INFN Legnaro laboratories to be part of the IFMIF/EVEDA project team at Rokkasho site.

3 Personal career Hakkoda mountains From May 2013 I moved in Japan and started to work as a Project Team member for the IFMIF/EVEDA facility in Rokkasho (Aomori prefecture) with the aim of coordinating the installation and commissioning activities related to the particle accelerator between European and Japanese Institutes. Towada Lake Hirosaki castle

4 Motivations and difficulties encountered on the move to Japan Although it has been not simple to leave my family and friends in Italy, I had strong motivations to move to Japan: In the previous visit in Japan I was fascinated by Japanese country and I wanted to take advantage of the job opportunity to live more deeply the country. Working in an International environment with people coming from different countries (Japanese, Italian, Spanish, French, Indians) was a great stimulus to enrich my professional and personal life. I wanted to have a wider view of the project and not focusing on only one part of the machine. Unfortunately the first year and half I experienced very hard working conditions with the Japanese colleagues, as for the other European colleagues present on Rokkasho site. Different mentality of the Japanese respect to the European one. Japanese were not very open to fully accept Europeans on the project. Problems of communication, most of the Japanese were not able to talk English Many Japanese were not fully motivated for this International project and it was difficult for them to live and work in a remote place.

5 Working conditions Improvements Fortunately working conditions has been improved recently, especially in the last year. The project has been able to attract people (although still with some difficulties) on the Japanese side with good communication skills, open minded and collaborative to the Europeans, more motivated for the success of the project. The project is now in a good progress and much better atmosphere is breathed on site.

6 Nuclear Fusion the potential energy solution for humankind A limitless clean source of energy can be obtained through nuclear fusion Deuterium and Tritium can fuse in Helium liberating a lot (17.6 MeV) of energy in every reaction ITER Hydrogen presents three isotopes 1 ev = C Deuterium is available in nature 6 Tritium would be produced in the reactor

7 Fusion reactions production The conditions (high temperature, high pressure of the fuel) for Nuclear Fusion can be obtained in a Tokamak. Electromagnetic field generated by special coils confine the fuel inside the chamber. Jet Tokamak chamber Scientists have succeeded in producing plasma with temperatures ten times higher than the sun in fusion devices. Megawatts of power have been produced for a few seconds. 7

8 Fusion energy production validation ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor), under construction in Cadarache (France), aims to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion as an energy source. The objective is to produce a significant fusion power (500 MW for 7 minutes or 300 MW for 50 minutes) with a ratio > 10 between output and input power to sustain the reaction. It will allow scientist and engineers to develop knowledge and technologies needed for stable and continuous electrical energy production. The objective of DEMO (Demonstration Power Plant) will be to demonstrate that fusion reactor could be constructed and commercialized for stable and continuous electrical energy production. 8

9 Nuclear Fusion Energy production and the need of a fusion relevant neutron source The electrical energy will be obtained absorbing the energy of neutron liberated (which is very hot) A fusion relevant neutron source to Neutrons must be absorbed efficiently unit of neutron absorption is displacement per atom (dpa) ITER first wall will present 3 < dpa at the end of its operational life In a Fusion power plant ~15 dpa per year of operation simulate the conditions of a fusion reactor is essential to test and develop materials for the design, licensing maximizing operation ITER time between intervention of a fusion power plant. Structural materials of a fusion reactor needs to withstand to high stresses Material properties will degrade under neutron bombardment Two transmutation reactions become critical 56 Fe(n,α) 53 Cr 56 Fe(n, p) 56 Mn with n threshold energies at 2.9 and 0.99 MeV

10 IFMIF concept Two concurrent 125 ma CW deuterons beam at 40 MeV impact with on a liquid Li screen producing 14 MeV neutrons simulating that will irradiate specimens housed in different test cells simulating the condition of a fusion reactor 12

11 IFMIF International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility EVEDA Engineering Validation & Engineering Design Activities to produce an integrated engineering design of IFMIF and the data necessary for future decisions on the construction, operation, exploitation and decommissioning of IFMIF, and to validate continuous and stable operation of each IFMIF subsystem Signed in February 2007 Framed by the Broader Approach Agreement Tohoku University Osaka University Nagoya University Hachinohe Institute of Technology Kyushu University Tokyo University Euraxes 2016, Tokyo 25 th November 2016 Hachinohe National College of technology 13

12 Engineering Design Activities EDA phase J. Knaster et al, The accomplishment of the Engineering Design Activities of IFMIF/EVEDA: The European Japanese project towards a Li(d,xn) fusion relevant neutron source, Nuclear Fusion 55 (2015) Validation Activities EVA phase Electric Power Supply Industrial HVAC Access Cell Nuclear HVAC PIE Detritiation Process Test Cell RF Modules Injector RFQ SRF Linac Beam Dump Li Loop 0 10m Euraxes 2016, Tokyo 25 th November 2016 Post Irradiation Examination Human J. Knaster et al., IFMIF: overview of the validation activities, Nuclear Fusion 53 (2013)

13 The validation activities covered a very wide range There is no time to cover the full scope in this talk J. Knaster et al., IFMIF: overview of the validation activities, Nuclear Fusion 53 (2013) I will focus on briefly addressing the main technological challenges of the Accelerator Facility of IFMIF and explain how EVEDA has addressed them 15

14 Deuteron beams 2 x 125 ma in CW 40 MeV energy 2 x 5 MW beam power Each accelerator will be together with ESS the most powerful accelerator ever built. J. WEI et al., The very high intensity future, IPAC 2014, Dresde 16

15 D+ accelerator of 125 ma CW IFMIF LIPAc Ion source D + Accelerator incident current 2 x 125 ma CW LEBT MEBT HEBT RFQ Superconducting cavities 100 kev 5 MeV MeV 140 ma CW RF Power Lithium Target Thickness 25±1 mm Flow speed 15 m/s H Test Cell M High Flux Test Module 12 capsules (>1000 specimens) 250 o C < T CAP < 550 o C +/-3% ΔT per capsule L 17

16 Equipment designed and constructed in Europe Installed and commissioned in Rokkasho Rokkasho Injector + LEBT CEA Saclay Diagnostics CEA Saclay CIEMAT Madrid RFQ INFN Legnaro QST Cryoplant CEA Saclay MEBT CIEMAT Madrid RF Power CIEMAT Madrid CEA Saclay SCK Mol SRF Linac CEA Saclay CIEMAT Madrid Building Auxiliary System Control system Installation QST HEBT CIEMAT Madrid BD CIEMAT Madrid 18

17 D+ accelerator of 125 ma CW LIPAc is very ambitious World s highest current linac World s top H + &D + injector performance World s longest RFQ World s record of light hadrons current through SC cavities World s highest beam perveance et al.,, LIPAc, what lessons have we learnt from LEDA, IPAC Shangai et al.,, Beam Induced Damage Studies of the IFMIF/EVEDA 125mA CW 9 MeV D+ Linear Accelerator, IPAC Busan 19

18 Rokkasho Fusion Institute Ion source + LEBT D-plate RFQ RF Power RF Power 9.8 m long RFQ during bead pulling exercise May 2016 Diagnostic Plate 20

19 LIPAc alignment requirements, why alignment is important The alignment/assessment the position of some components in ± 0.1 mm respect the beam axis is indispensable to contain beam losses to 1 W/m to minimize components activation and allow hands-on maintenances Very tight tolerances at the limit of the instrumentation currently available in the market et al., Alignment of LIPAc, the IFMIF prototype linear accelerator: Requirements and current status, IWAA Beijing Euraxes 2016, Tokyo 25 th November 2016 et al., IFMIF/EVEDA 125mA CW 9 MeV D+ Linac alignment status and potential improvements, IWAA Grenoble 21

20 A Li(d,xn) yes, but less ambitious Due to cost driven problems, the design nominal power of DEMO reactor has been halved (1.5 GW respect 3GW). One accelerator as per IFMIF is sufficient to provide enough data for material studies in three years. Ideas for 40 MeV neutron sources as per IFMIF: DONES in Europe A-FNS in Japan are maturing Decisions are likely to happen in

21 Future possibilities in Europe Being contracted and still having links with INFN, I might go back to Legnaro lab in few years and exploit all my working experience I made in Japan for other projects in my lab or for European collaboration DONES in Europe is becoming more and more reality, I could use the Japanese experience in the IFMIF/EVEDA accelerator Working for ITER project. E.g. I am collaborating with F4E ITER metrology group, my experience in alignment and metrology in Japan could be useful. 23

22 Thanks to the EU-JA IFMIF team (and all people involved in former phases/projects) for their resilient enthusiasm crucial for the present success of the program 24