An Alternative Laser-Speckle-Smoothing Scheme for the NIF
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1 An Alternative Laser-Speckle-Smoothing Scheme for the NIF 1.5-MJ CH-foam target; end of acceleration 1-D SSD, 1.8 Å 1-D MultiFM, 8 Å 2-D SSD, 11 Å 1-D SSD 1-D, multiple-fm SSD 2-D SSD Density (g cm 3 ) 8 z (nm) v rms = 21 nm v rms = 5.6 nm v rms = 3.5 nm 2 4 r (nm) 2 4 r (nm) 2 4 r (nm) J. A. Marozas University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics 49th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics Orlando, FL November 27
2 Summary Multiple FM modulators in 1-D reduces imprint to 2-D SSD levels Multiple FM modulators in 1-D (1-D MultiFM SSD*) reduced complexity, i.e., no second dimension applied in a fiber within a rack-mounted unit, so layout impact is minimal because bulk optics are not needed takes advantage of multiple color cycles without the disadvantage of coherence maxima in the spectrum simulations show that imprint levels are comparable to 2-D SSD in direct drive and should apply to polar direct drive TC7998 *J. E. Rothenberg, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1664 (1997).
3 Collaborators T. J. B. Collins J. D. Zuegel University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics
4 Implementing 2-D SSD on the NIF will be expensive and technically challenging 2-D SSD is required for igniting 1-MJ and 1.5-MJ direct-drive designs* This result assumed single FM modulators Bulk optics modulators are required for the second SSD dimension space constraints in the NIF PAM s 1 THz (12 Å) of 2-D SSD requires dual-frequency triplers Simulations show that imprint from multiple FM SSD modulators in 1-D is comparable to 2-D SSD Less bandwidth is used; 65 GHz (8 Å) Potentially can get to.5 THz (6 Å) with a single-frequency-conversion crystal using multiple FM modulators in 1-D Testable on OMEGA EP TC85 * T. J. B. Collins, Phys. Plasmas 14, 5638 (27).
5 Laser-speckle smoothing is characterized by the coherence time and the angular divergence v rms (%), l-modes 3: log_ vrmsi - log_ v i + 7log_ t log t 2 ci - ] ga t 1 t 1 t c asym 1-D SSD 2-D SSD Di SSD / Angular divergence / Coherence time Asymptotic level " (l Di SSD ) 2 1 t (ps) Both the coherence time and asymptotic level are functions of l-mode TC7999
6 SSD smoothing can be improved by increasing the divergence and/or the inverse coherence time v rms (%), l-modes 3:6 TC Increasing 1-1 " l Dm N cc Increasing 1 Di SSD Dm : N o 1 3 t (ps) Increasing divergence allowing divergence to be closer to the existing pinhole Di SSD = 1 nrad, Di pinhole = 3 nrad dynamic bandwidth reduction* can make this possible without risk of pinhole closure Increasing the inverse coherence time Increasing N cc and/or Dm does both \ m cc 1-D SSD Dm / Bandwidth N cc / Color cycles o m / ulator frequency *P. W. McKenty et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 51, 295 (26).
7 Increasing the inverse coherence time,, allows the target to experience a smoother spot for a longer period 1 1 v rms (%), l-modes 3:6 N cc = 2 N cc = 4 N cc = 8 Di SSD, Dm held fixed Di SSD 1-D SSD t - 1 c " l Dm N cc \ Dm : N o m cc t (ps) Implies o m increases as N cc increases TC81
8 Increasing the color cycles increases for the lower l-modes and produces resonances for the higher l-modes 1 1 (GHz) \ l, : D m : N cc = 4 N cc = 8 N cc l-modes - 1 \ Dm N cc = 2 1-D SSD Improved smoothing in the lower l-modes occurs at the expense of higher l-mode uniformity TC82
9 Employing multiple FM modulators in 1-D reduces the peak-to-peak variations in the inverse coherence time 1 (GHz) N cc = 8 1-D SSD, N cc = 8 #1 Di SSD fixed 4 o m l-mode Di SSD \ Dm : N o m cc TC83
10 Employing multiple FM modulators in 1-D reduces the peak-to-peak variations in the inverse coherence time 1 (GHz) MultiFM N cc = 11, 9, 8 N cc = 8 1-D SSD, N cc = 8 #1 MultiFM, N cc = 11, 9, 8 #1 Di SSD fixed 4 o m #2 # o m 4.5 o m 4 o m Di SSD increased l-mode Di SSD \ Dm : N o -1 decreased by 4, and Di SSD increased by 2 relative to 1-D SSD m cc TC83
11 Employing multiple FM modulators in 1-D reduces the peak-to-peak variations in the inverse coherence time 1 (GHz) MultiFM N cc = 11, 9, 8 t - 1 c " l Dm N cc N cc = 8 1-D SSD, N cc = 8 #1 MultiFM, N cc = 11, 9, 8 #1 Di SSD fixed 4 o m #2 #3 2 t - 1 c " Dm 5.5 o m 4.5 o m 4 o m Di SSD increased l-mode Di SSD \ Dm : N o -1 decreased by 4, and Di SSD increased by 2 relative to 1-D SSD m cc TC83
12 Employing multiple FM modulators in 1-D reduces the peak-to-peak variations in the inverse coherence time 1 (GHz) MultiFM N cc = 11, 9, 8 t - 1 c " l Dm N cc N cc = 8 MultiFM N cc = 18, 14, 12 1-D SSD, N cc = 8 #1 MultiFM, N cc = 11, 9, 8 #1 Di SSD fixed 4 o m #2 #3 2 t - 1 c " Dm 5.5 o m 4.5 o m 4 o m Di SSD increased 2 TC l-mode Di SSD \ Dm : N o -1 decreased by 4, and Di SSD increased by 2 relative to 1-D SSD Lower l-mode performance can be keponstant by keeping the product Dm N cc and Di SSD constant Targets with low IFAR are more stable to higher l-mode feedthrough m cc
13 ulator frequencies required to match the 4 color-cycle 1-D SSD are lower 14 1 (GHz) N cc = l-mode TC84
14 ulator frequencies required to match the 4 color-cycle 1-D SSD are lower 14 1 (GHz) N cc = 4 MultiFM N cc = 1, 9 Dm = 8 Å l-mode The bandwidth is reduced to 8 Å (65 GHz), the divergence is reduced to 1 nrad, and the modulator frequencies are reduced to ~5 GHz. TC84
15 Simulations show that multiple FM modulators in 1-D reduces imprint to 2-D SSD levels 1.5-MJ CH-foam target; end of acceleration 1-D SSD, 1.8 Å 1-D MultiFM, 8 Å 2-D SSD, 11 Å 1-D SSD 1-D, multiple-fm SSD 2-D SSD Density (g cm 3 ) 8 z (nm) v rms = 21 nm v rms = 5.6 nm v rms = 3.5 nm 2 4 r (nm) 2 4 r (nm) 2 4 r (nm) Simulations are in progress to confirm gain TC7944a
16 Summary/Conclusions Multiple FM modulators in 1-D reduces imprint to 2-D SSD levels Multiple FM modulators in 1-D (1-D MultiFM SSD*) reduced complexity, i.e., no second dimension applied in a fiber within a rack-mounted unit, so layout impact is minimal because bulk optics are not needed takes advantage of multiple color cycles without the disadvantage of coherence maxima in the spectrum simulations show that imprint levels are comparable to 2-D SSD in direct drive and should apply to polar direct drive TC7998 *J. E. Rothenberg, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1664 (1997).
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