The footprints of climate change within the geologic record show clearly that
|
|
|
- Shanna Freeman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 The footprints of climate change within the geologic record show clearly that Climate change throughout Earth history warms suddenly and cools slowly in erratic sequences that are not cyclic
3 The footprints of climate change within the geologic record show clearly that Climate change throughout Earth history warms suddenly and cools slowly in erratic sequences that are not cyclic A valid theory of climate change must explain these erratic sequences
4 Greenland Ice Sheet Program Drill Hole 2 (GISP2) 1988 to 1993 Mayewski et al., 1995
5 Zielinski et al., 1996
6 Duration or eruptions is most important Zielinski et al., 1996
7 Evidence of sub-glacial volcanism in Iceland Herðubreið, a tuya in north-east Iceland
8 Evidence of sub-glacial volcanism in Iceland Herðubreið, a tuya in north-east Iceland Licciardi et al., 2007
9 Arctic-Images/Corbis Bárðarbunga, central Iceland, 2014
10 Oozed basaltic lava over an area of 85 km 2 (20% of London) in just 6 months Arctic-Images/Corbis Bárðarbunga, central Iceland, 2014
11 Oozed basaltic lava over an area of 85 km 2 (20% of London) in just 6 months Takes >17 years to erupt the same volume in Hawaii Arctic-Images/Corbis Bárðarbunga, central Iceland, 2014
12 Oozed basaltic lava over an area of 85 km 2 (20% of London) in just 6 months Takes >17 years to erupt the same volume in Hawaii The highest rate of basalt extrusion since the 1783 eruption of Laki (233 years) Arctic-Images/Corbis Bárðarbunga, central Iceland, 2014
13 Oozed basaltic lava over an area of 85 km 2 (20% of London) in just 6 months Takes >17 years to erupt the same volume in Hawaii The highest rate of basalt extrusion since the 1783 eruption of Laki (233 years) Arctic-Images/Corbis Appears to have caused very rapid warming, making 2016 the hottest year on record Bárðarbunga, central Iceland, 2014
14 Other historic major effusive volcanic eruptions
15 Other historic major effusive volcanic eruptions 565 km 2 in 8 months Laki 1783
16 Other historic major effusive volcanic eruptions 565 km 2 in 8 months 800 km 2 in 3-8 years Laki 1783 Eldgjá 935 volcano.oregonstate.edu
17 Other historic major effusive volcanic eruptions 565 km 2 in 8 months 800 km 2 in 3-8 years Onset of the Medieval Warm Period Laki 1783 Eldgjá 935 volcano.oregonstate.edu
18
19 Siberian Basalts Siberian Basalts 7,000,000 km 2
20 Siberian Basalts 96% marine 70% terrestrial vertebrates Siberian Basalts 7,000,000 km 2
21 Siberian Basalts 96% marine 70% terrestrial vertebrates Central Atlantic Magmatic Province Siberian Basalts 7,000,000 km 2 11,000,000 km 2
22 Siberian Basalts 96% marine 70% terrestrial vertebrates Central Atlantic Magmatic Province Deccan Basalts Siberian Basalts Deccan Basalts 7,000,000 km 2 11,000,000 km 2 500,000 km 2
23 Major effusive volcanic eruptions Extrude basaltic lava over large areas
24 Major effusive volcanic eruptions Extrude basaltic lava over large areas Do not explode much debris into the stratosphere
25 Major effusive volcanic eruptions Extrude basaltic lava over large areas Do not explode much debris into the stratosphere Last for months to hundreds of thousands of years
26 Major effusive volcanic eruptions Extrude basaltic lava over large areas Do not explode much debris into the stratosphere Last for months to hundreds of thousands of years Deplete ozone causing global warming
27 Major effusive volcanic eruptions Extrude basaltic lava over large areas Do not explode much debris into the stratosphere Last for months to hundreds of thousands of years Deplete ozone causing global warming Acidify the oceans and cause major mass extinctions
28 Major effusive volcanic eruptions Extrude basaltic lava over large areas Do not explode much debris into the stratosphere Last for months to hundreds of thousands of years Deplete ozone causing global warming Acidify the oceans and cause major mass extinctions Cause minor to extreme climate change
29 Major explosive volcanic eruptions
30 Major explosive volcanic eruptions Typically erupt only for days but may recur within 500 to 1000 years
31 Major explosive volcanic eruptions Typically erupt only for days but may recur within 500 to 1000 years Form aerosols that last for 2 to 4 years that reflect and scatter solar energy, causing net global cooling
32 Major explosive volcanic eruptions Typically erupt only for days but may recur within 500 to 1000 years Form aerosols that last for 2 to 4 years that reflect and scatter solar energy, causing net global cooling Krakatau cooled ocean for more than 100 years Gleckler et al., 2006
33 Major explosive volcanic eruptions Typically erupt only for days but may recur within 500 to 1000 years Form aerosols that last for 2 to 4 years that reflect and scatter solar energy, causing net global cooling Krakatau cooled ocean for more than 100 years Multiple eruptions increment world into ice age Gleckler et al., 2006 Gregory et al., 2006
34 Annual average total column ozone at Arosa Switzerland
35 Annual average total column ozone at Arosa Switzerland Robock, 2002 As much as 3.5 o C Dec 1991 to Feb 1992
36 12,000 to 9,000
37 Erratic cycles of rapid warming followed by slower cooling Eemian Interglacial End of Ice Age
38 Sudden major warming within a few years followed by cumulative cooling over centuries to millennia where the warming and cooling occurs on average every 5000 years, but the timing and amount of warming are erratic, not in cycles Erratic cycles of rapid warming followed by slower cooling Eemian Interglacial End of Ice Age
39 Sudden major warming within a few years followed by cumulative cooling over centuries to millennia where the warming and cooling occurs on average every 5000 years, but the timing and amount of warming are erratic, not in cycles Erratic cycles of rapid warming followed by slower cooling Eemian Interglacial End of Ice Age Explained most clearly by a balance between effusive and explosive volcanic eruptions
40 We have to be very careful about cycles Known major volcanic eruptions
41 We have to be very careful about cycles Known major volcanic eruptions
42 We have to be very careful about cycles Known major volcanic eruptions
43 We have to be very careful about cycles Known major volcanic eruptions
44 We have to be very careful about cycles Known major volcanic eruptions
45 We have to be very careful about cycles Known major volcanic eruptions Global warming happens suddenly and irregularly
46 The closest thing to truth in science is good data
47 The closest thing to truth in science is good data
48 The closest thing to truth in science is good data Erratic sequences of rapid warming followed by slower cooling
49 The closest thing to truth in science is good data Erratic sequences of rapid warming followed by slower cooling The New Dawn of Truth is recognizing that a valid theory of climate change must explain these erratic sequences
50 Al Gore said in An Inconvenient Truth
51 Al Gore said in An Inconvenient Truth Scientists have an independent obligation to respect and present the truth as they see it.
52 Al Gore said in An Inconvenient Truth Scientists have an independent obligation to respect and present the truth as they see it. The truth, as I see it, is that climate change throughout Earth history warms suddenly and cools slowly in erratic sequences that are not cyclic
53 Al Gore said in An Inconvenient Truth Scientists have an independent obligation to respect and present the truth as they see it. The truth, as I see it, is that climate change throughout Earth history warms suddenly and cools slowly in erratic sequences that are not cyclic A valid theory of climate change must explain these erratic sequences
54 Book Peer-reviewed paper Website WhyClimateChanges.com Plea to scientists ClimatePlea.com Includes: Extensive webpages Scientific papers Talks Videos Press releases Etc.
Effusive basaltic. Explosive. Bárðarbunga 2014 Pinatubo 1991 USGS. Arctic-Images/Corbis
How variations in the rates of effusive basaltic flood volcanism versus aerosol-forming explosive volcanism have driven climate change and rates of mass extinction throughout Earth history Effusive basaltic
Session 15A: Climate Change: Past, Present, and Future. Peter L. Ward US Geological Survey retired. AMS January 10, Effusive.
15A.1: Throughout the Holocene, extensive basaltic lava flows that formed primarily in subaerial rift zones and covered hundreds of square kilometers of land were contemporaneous with short periods of
This talk is available at Plate tectonics controls global climate change by determining
This talk is available at https://youtu.be/0e1oioze-9e Plate tectonics controls global climate change by determining the frequency of major explosive, subductionrelated volcanic eruptions causing incremental
Moving plate tectonics to the next level of detail
Moving plate tectonics to the next level of detail by understanding how plate tectonics controls sudden global warming, slow incremental global cooling, air temperatures, ocean temperatures, ocean acidification,
Volcanoes drive climate variability by
Volcanoes drive climate variability by 1. emitting ozone weeks before eruptions, 2. forming lower stratospheric aerosols that cool Earth, 3. causing sustained ozone depletion, surface warming, and lower
Climate Throughout Geologic Time Has Been Controlled Primarily by the Balance Between
Climate Throughout Geologic Time Has Been Controlled Primarily by the Balance Between Cooling Caused by Major Explosive Eruptions of Evolved Magmas Typical of Island Arcs and Warming Caused by Voluminous
How Volcanism Controls Climate Change
How Volcanism Controls Climate Change V13D-2633 Peter L. Ward Teton Tectonics, Jackson, WY US Geological Survey retired peward@wyoming.com 307-413-4055 Fundamental Conclusion Large, explosive, volcanic
ttp://news.discovery.com/earth/iceland-volcano-aurora.html
ttp://news.discovery.com/earth/iceland-volcano-aurora.html Outline Role of volcanism on the climate system Distribution of Arctic volcanoes Types of eruptions Frequency of Arctic eruptions Influence on
Holocene Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere are in Part Proportional to Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide and Inversely Proportional to the
Holocene Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere are in Part Proportional to Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide and Inversely Proportional to the Oxidizing Capacity of the Atmosphere U31A-0005 Peter
1. Deglacial climate changes
Review 3 Major Topics Deglacial climate changes (last 21,000 years) Millennial oscillations (thousands of years) Historical Climate Change (last 1000 years) Climate Changes Since the 1800s Climate Change
Evidence of Climate Change in Glacier Ice and Sea Ice
Evidence of Climate Change in Glacier Ice and Sea Ice John J. Kelley Institute of Marine Science School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Evidence for warming of the Arctic
Atmospheric CO2 and mass extinctions: implications for global warming
17 March 2013 Atmospheric CO2 and mass extinctions: implications for global warming The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maxium http://www.uta.edu/faculty/awinguth/petm_research/petm_home.html Throughout the Phanerozoic
Earth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras
The Earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth History Mrs. Burkey ESS Cy Creek HS 17-18 If the Earth formed at midnight 6:00 am First life appears 10:00 pm First animals/plants on land 11:59 pm First humans
6. What has been the most effective erosive agent in the climate system? a. Water b. Ice c. Wind
Multiple Choice. 1. Heinrich Events a. Show increased abundance of warm-water species of planktic foraminifera b. Show greater intensity since the last deglaciation c. Show increased accumulation of ice-rafted
Topic 6: Insolation and the Seasons
Topic 6: Insolation and the Seasons Solar Radiation and Insolation Insolation: In Sol ation The Sun is the primary source of energy for the earth. The rate at which energy is radiated is called Intensity
TOPIC #12 NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING
TOPIC #12 NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING (Start on p 67 in Class Notes) p 67 ENERGY BALANCE (review) Global climate variability and change are caused by changes in the ENERGY BALANCE that are FORCED review FORCING
NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 32. Paleoclimate
NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 32 Paleoclimate Natural changes in the Earth s climate also occur at much longer timescales The study of prehistoric climates and their variability is called paleoclimate.
A bowl shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano is called a. Magma that has left the vent of a volcano is known as. Lava.
Magma that has left the vent of a volcano is known as Lava A bowl shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano is called a Caldera This can form in a caldera when magma starts to come back up
The History of Life on Earth
8 The History of Life on Earth lesson 1 Geologic Time and Mass Extinctions Grade Seven Science Content Standard. 4.b. Students know the history of life on Earth has been disrupted by major catastrophic
A GEOLOGICAL VIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING
A GEOLOGICAL VIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING Compiled by William D. Pollard, M Ray Thomasson PhD, and Lee Gerhard PhD THE ISSUE - Does the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, resulting
CATACLYSMIC ERUPTIONS
CATACLYSMIC ERUPTIONS The really big ones! This figure compares the size of some recent, well-known eruptions. Note how small the eruptions of Mount St. Helens and even Vesuvius are compared to Katmai,
ATMS 321: Natural Climate Variability Chapter 11
ATMS 321: Natural Climate Variability Chapter 11 Solar Variability: Total solar irradiance variability is relatively small about a tenth of a percent. Ultraviolet variability is larger, and so could affect
Activity 6 Ride the Arctic Climate Rollercoaster
Activity 6 Ride the Arctic Climate Rollercoaster Forces of Change >> Arctic >> Activity 6 >> Page 1 ACTIVITY 6 RIDE THE ARCTIC CLIMATE ROLLERCOASTER CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ARCTIC SINCE THE ICE AGE Graphic
Summary. The Ice Ages and Global Climate
The Ice Ages and Global Climate Summary Earth s climate system involves the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Changes affecting it operate on time scales ranging from decades to millions
A) usually less B) dark colored and rough D) light colored with a smooth surface A) transparency of the atmosphere D) rough, black surface
1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows two identical houses, A and B, in a city in North Carolina. One house was built on the east side of a factory, and the other
Ice core-based climate research in Denmark
June 16, 2009 Ice core-based climate research in Denmark Sune Olander Rasmussen Center coordinator and postdoc Centre for Ice and Climate Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Temperature and CO
The Distribution of Cold Environments
The Distribution of Cold Environments Over 25% of the surface of our planet can be said to have a cold environment, but defining what we actually mean by that can be very challenging. This is because cold
Centennial-scale Climate Change from Decadally-paced Explosive Volcanism
Centennial-scale Climate Change from Decadally-paced Explosive Volcanism Yafang Zhong and Gifford Miller INSTAAR, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA Bette Otto-Bliesner, Caspar Ammann, Marika Holland,
Paleoclimatology ATMS/ESS/OCEAN 589. Abrupt Climate Change During the Last Glacial Period
Paleoclimatology ATMS/ESS/OCEAN 589 Ice Age Cycles Are they fundamentaly about ice, about CO2, or both? Abrupt Climate Change During the Last Glacial Period Lessons for the future? The Holocene Early Holocene
Chapter 15 Millennial Oscillations in Climate
Chapter 15 Millennial Oscillations in Climate This chapter includes millennial oscillations during glaciations, millennial oscillations during the last 8000 years, causes of millennial-scale oscillations,
Climate Change. April 21, 2009
Climate Change Chapter 16 April 21, 2009 Reconstructing Past Climates Techniques Glacial landscapes (fossils) CLIMAP (ocean sediment) Ice cores (layering of precipitation) p Otoliths (CaCO 3 in fish sensory
Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) B) C) D)
1. The hottest climates on Earth are located near the Equator because this region A) is usually closest to the Sun B) reflects the greatest amount of insolation C) receives the most hours of daylight D)
Volcanic Eruptions (pages )
Volcanic Eruptions (pages 209 216) Magma Reaches Earth s Surface (pages 210 211) Key Concept: When a volcano erupts, the force of the expanding gases pushes magma from the magma chamber through the pipe
Short-Term Climate Variability (Ch.15) Volcanos and Climate Other Causes of Holocene Climate Change
Short-Term Climate Variability (Ch.15) Volcanos and Climate Other Causes of Holocene Climate Change Volcanos and Climate We learned in Chapter 12 that the volanos play an important role in Earth s climate
Climate and Environment
Climate and Environment Oxygen Isotope Fractionation and Measuring Ancient Temperatures Oxygen Isotope Ratio Cycles Oxygen isotope ratio cycles are cyclical variations in the ratio of the mass of oxygen
Climate Changes: Past & Future (Ch 16) Iceberg 100km east of Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand, 2006
Climate Changes: Past & Future (Ch 16) Climate change change in any statistical property of earth-atmosphere climate system in response to alteration of an external boundary condition or as an internal
LECTURE #25: Mega Disasters - Mass Extinctions, Meteorite Impacts...
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #25: Mega Disasters - Mass Extinctions, Meteorite Impacts... Date: 19 April 2018 I. Time & Life on Earth geologic time scale o divided into named
I know that dinosaurs were not very big at the time of the end Triassic extinction, but this graphic from the National Science Foundation website
I know that dinosaurs were not very big at the time of the end Triassic extinction, but this graphic from the National Science Foundation website sets the theme of mass extinction by fissure volcanism.
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1 Name: Student ID: Please answer the following questions on your Scantron Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to
Exploring The Polar Connection to Sea Level Rise NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas Science & Engineering Crosscutting Concepts
Exploring The Polar Connection to Sea Level Rise NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas Science & Engineering Crosscutting Concepts Practices MS - ESS: Earth & Space Science 1. Ask questions 2. Developing and using
Marine Oxygen Isotopes and Changes in Global Ice Volume
Marine Oxygen Isotopes and Changes in Global Ice Volume Name: You have learned about the value of marine oxygen-isotope records for understanding changes in ocean-water temperature and global ice volume
Global Cooling is Here Evidence for Predicting Global Cooling for the Next Three Decades
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=10783 Global Cooling is Here Evidence for Predicting Global Cooling for the Next Three Decades by Prof. Don J. Easterbrook Global Research, November
Rapid climate change in ice cores
Rapid climate change in ice cores Liz Thomas British Antarctic Survey Overview Introduction to ice cores Evidence of rapid climate change in the Greenland ice cores DO events Younger Dryas 8.2 kyr cold
1. In the block diagram shown here, which is the oldest rock unit?
Pre/Post GCI Name (print) 1. In the block diagram shown here, which is the oldest rock unit? 2. Referring to the same diagram as the previous question, which of the labeled rock units is the youngest?
Good Day everyone! Today is Wednesday 10/4/17
Good Day everyone! Today is Wednesday 10/4/17 Agenda: 1. Warm Up 2. Video: Intro to the Geologic Time Scale 3. Notes: Geologic Time Scale a. How the Geologic Time Scale is Organized b. Principle of Uniformitarianism
NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING Part II
TOPIC #12 NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING Part II (p 72 in Class Notes) Today we will focus on the third main driver of NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING: 1) ATRONOMICAL FORCING 2) SOLAR FORCING 3) VOLCANIC FORCING VOLCANIC
TOPIC #12. Wrap Up on GLOBAL CLIMATE PATTERNS
TOPIC #12 Wrap Up on GLOBAL CLIMATE PATTERNS POLE EQUATOR POLE Now lets look at a Pole to Pole Transect review ENERGY BALANCE & CLIMATE REGIONS (wrap up) Tropics Subtropics Subtropics Polar Extratropics
Climate Change. Unit 3
Climate Change Unit 3 Aims Is global warming a recent short term phenomenon or should it be seen as part of long term climate change? What evidence is there of long-, medium-, and short- term climate change?
Assessment Schedule 2017 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the atmosphere system (91414)
NCEA Level 3 Earth and Space Science (91414) 2017 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2017 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the atmosphere system (91414) Evidence Statement
Outline 24: The Holocene Record
Outline 24: The Holocene Record Climate Change in the Late Cenozoic New York Harbor in an ice-free world (= Eocene sea level) Kenneth Miller, Rutgers University An Ice-Free World: eastern U.S. shoreline
Claim: Arctic, antarctic and Greenland ice loss is accelerating due to global warming REBUTTAL
Claim: Arctic, antarctic and Greenland ice loss is accelerating due to global warming REBUTTAL Satellite and surface temperature records and sea surface temperatures show that both the East Antarctic Ice
Impacts of historical ozone changes on climate in GFDL-CM3
Impacts of historical ozone changes on climate in GFDL-CM3 Larry Horowitz (GFDL) with: Vaishali Naik (GFDL), Pu Lin (CICS), and M. Daniel Schwarzkopf (GFDL) WMO (2014) Figure ADM 5-1 1 Response of tropospheric
Present day natural processes in the Russian Arctic and prospects of the Northern sea route use
Present day natural processes in the Russian Arctic and prospects of the Northern sea route use Vjacheslav M. Makeev The State Polar Academy Saint-Petersburg, Russia Temporal rows of annual air temperature
Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Natural Climate Change: A Geological Perspective
Natural Climate Change: A Geological Perspective A presentation to the Seminar on Sustainable Development NBA 573, BEE 673 Sage Hall B-11 March 4, 2005 by L. M. Cathles Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Truth
www.newsflashenglish.com The 4 page 60 minute ESL British English lesson 10/10/15 Dinosaurs became extinct because of a giant asteroid and supervolcanoes Why did dinosaurs become extinct? The answer is
Physical and Optical Properties of the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer
Physical and Optical Properties of the Stratospheric Aerosol Layer Patrick Hamill Department of Physics and Astronomy San Jose State University San Jose, California Justification for this Talk Much debate
Earthquakes and volcanoes in Iceland
Jenny Jenkins Daði Harðarson Explosive Earth Earthquakes and volcanoes in Iceland The eruption of Bárðarbunga volcano in Iceland, July 2014 Key words volcano earthquake seismology prediction Bárðarbunga
CORRELATION OF CLIMATIC AND SOLAR VARIATIONS OVER THE PAST 500 YEARS AND PREDICTING GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES FROM RECURRING CLIMATE CYCLES
Easterbrook, D.J., 2008, Correlation of climatic and solar variations over the past 500 years and predicting global climate changes from recurring climate cycles: International Geological Congress, Oslo,
7/5/2018. Global Climate Change
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Global Climate Change Earth, Chapter 21 Chapter 21 Global Climate Change Climate and Geology The climate system is a multidimensional system of many interacting parts,
Agronomy 406 World Climates
Agronomy 406 World Climates April 3, 2018 Causes of natural climate changes (finish). Schedule is being adjusted. No change to due dates. Bring IPCC Fifth Assessment Report Summary for Policymakers to
Measured Ozone Depletion
Measured Ozone Depletion Global Ozone After carefully accounting for all of the known natural variations, a net decrease of about 3% per decade for the period 1978-1991 was found. This is a global average
Thursday Nov 6 th SIT WITH YOUR GROUP TODAY Topic # 11 Natural Climatic Forcing Part II ANNOUNCEMENTS
Thursday Nov 6 th SIT WITH YOUR GROUP TODAY Topic # 11 Natural Climatic Forcing Part II ANNOUNCEMENTS NO CLASS next Tuesday Nov 11 (Veteran s Day) but don t forget that RQ-7 is DUE before Midnight that
Major climate change triggers
Major climate change triggers Variations in solar output Milankovitch cycles Elevation & distribution of continents Ocean interactions Atmospheric composition change (CO 2 and other volcanic gasses) Biological
Pleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks
Pleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks End of last ice-age rise of human civilization Modern ice-ages begin Asteroid impact end of dinosaurs Cambrian
Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals. Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane SGM 210_2013
Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane 1 SGM 210_2013 Intrusive and Effusive Rocks Effusive rocks: rapid cooling small crystalls or glas Lava & ash Magmatic
Land Surface Sea Ice Land Ice. (from Our Changing Planet)
Lecture 5: Land Surface and Cryosphere (Outline) Land Surface Sea Ice Land Ice (from Our Changing Planet) Earth s s Climate System Solar forcing Atmosphere Ocean Land Solid Earth Energy, Water, and Biochemistry
Earth s Climate System. Surface Albedo. Climate Roles of Land Surface. Lecture 5: Land Surface and Cryosphere (Outline) Land Surface Sea Ice Land Ice
Lecture 5: Land Surface and Cryosphere (Outline) Earth s Climate System Solar forcing Land Surface Sea Ice Land Ice Atmosphere Ocean Land Solid Earth Energy, Water, and Biochemistry Cycles (from Our Changing
Biodiversity Through Earth History
Chapter 13 Biodiversity Through Earth History Underlying assumption is that the process of evolution is occurring evolution: creation of new species random mutation: genetic changes natural selection:
The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact
1 The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact James W. Hurrell National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate and Global Dynamics Division, Climate Analysis Section
Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era
Earth s History Video Clip Earth s History Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Scientists have put together a timeline of Earth s history
STA4000 Final Report - Detailed Analysis Investigation on Iceland Population Growth and Climate Change
STA4000 Final Report - Detailed Analysis Investigation on Iceland Population Growth and Climate Change CHEN Jian Supervisor: Professor Jeffrey S. Rosenthal December 16, 2009 1 Introduction This paper is
Physical Geology, 15/e
Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Copyright McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks Physical Geology
TOPICS YOU NEED TO KNOW
ATMO 101 Introduction to Meteorology Midterm Study Sheet Chapters 11, 13, 14 and 15 Exam Tuesday 5/9/2017 Noon 2pm Vocabulary Words for True and False, and Multiple Choice You are responsible for the following
Lower Stratospheric Cooling. and. Abrupt Change in Arctic Sea Ice
Lower Stratospheric Cooling and Abrupt Change in Arctic Sea Ice Carl Drews March 16, 2007 ATOC 7500-002 Human Influences on Weather and Climate University of Colorado at Boulder Dr. Roger Pielke Sr, Instructor
Ice core drilling and subglacial lake studies on the temperate ice caps in Iceland
Ice core drilling and subglacial lake studies on the temperate ice caps in Iceland Iceland astride the Mid-Atlantic ridge Astrobiology Winter School University of Hawaii, Jan. 25 Lecture # 36 Ice drilling
Module 7: Plate Tectonics and Earth's Structure Topic 3 Content: Volcanoes - The Basics Notes. Volcanoes The Basics
Volcanoes The Basics 1 Hello, my name is Dr. Simpson, and I am a volcanologist. I am here to explain some basic information about volcanoes to you. 3 I think we should get started by taking a look at the
Lecture 3. - Global Sulfur, Nitrogen, Carbon Cycles - Short-term vs. Long-term carbon cycle - CO 2 & Temperature: Last 100,000+ years
Lecture 3 - Global Sulfur, Nitrogen, Carbon Cycles - Short-term vs. Long-term carbon cycle - CO 2 & Temperature: Last 100,000+ years METR 113/ENVS 113 Spring Semester 2011 March 1, 2011 Suggested Reading
GEOL/ENVS 3520 Spring 2009 Hour Exam #2
GEOL/ENVS 3520 Spring 2009 Hour Exam #2 Enter your name, the date, your ID number, and a made-up 4-digit code (for later recall and identification of your test results) on the separate test sheet. Carefully
FORCING ANTHROPOGENIC
NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING Earth-Sun orbital relationships, changing landsea distribution (due to plate tectonics), solar variability & VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS vs. ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING Human-Enhanced GH Effect,
Components of the Climate System. Lecture 2: Earth s Climate System. Pop Quiz. Sub-components Global cycles What comes in What goes out
Lecture 2: Earth s Climate System Components of the Climate System terrestrial radiation Atmosphere Ocean solar radiation Land Energy, Water, and Biogeochemistry Cycles Sub-components Global cycles What
Lecture 2: Earth s Climate System
Lecture 2: Earth s Climate System terrestrial radiation solar radiation Atmosphere Ocean Solid Earth Land Energy, Water, and Biogeochemistry Cycles Sub-components Global cycles What comes in What goes
Lesson 4 Rocks Rock! Lesson Overview: Students will become familiar with rocks, minerals, and be introduced to the rock cycle.
Lesson 4 Rocks Rock! Lesson Overview: Students will become familiar with rocks, minerals, and be introduced to the rock cycle. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Explain the difference between rocks
Factors that Affect Climate
Factors that Affect Climate What is climate? Climate is the average weather conditions over a long period of time Includes average temperatures and precipitation, wind patterns, humidity, air pressure
Climate Change: Past and Future ERTH 303, 3 December, 2009
Climate Change: Past and Future ERTH 303, 3 December, 2009 a) Defining climate change b) Patterns of past climate change c) Causes of past climate change 1 2006 temperature relative to 1951-1980 means
4.1 Act 2 Rock Cycle: Interactive Website Worksheet
Name Date Core 4.1 Act 2 Rock Cycle: Interactive Website Worksheet Directions: Go to the website Interactives Rock Cycle. http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/index.html Follow the directions
Images from: Boston.com
Images from: Boston.com Ireland in the shadow of a volcano: Understanding the 2010 eruption at Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland. Chris Bean, School of Geological Sciences, UCD. World Quakes and Volcanoes 1960-2010
Climate forcing volcanic eruptions: future extreme event occurrence likelihoods
Climate Change and Extreme Events: Managing Tail Risks Workshop 2 3 February 2010 Washington DC Climate forcing volcanic eruptions: future extreme event occurrence likelihoods Willy Aspinall with apologies
Directed Reading. Section: Volcanic Eruptions. light in color is called a. felsic. b. oceanic. c. mantle. d. mafic. dark in color is called
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanic Eruptions 1. Lava provides an opportunity for scientists to study a. the nature of Earth s inner core. b. the nature of Earth s tectonic plates. c. temperatures
IMPULSIVE NITRATE DEPOSITION EVENTS IN POLAR ICE THE RESULT OF SOLAR PROTON EVENTS. D. F. Smart and M. A. Shea SYNOPSIS
IMPULSIVE NITRATE DEPOSITION EVENTS IN POLAR ICE THE RESULT OF SOLAR PROTON EVENTS D. F. Smart and M. A. Shea Emeritus at AFRL (RVBXS), Bedford, MA, 01731, USA SYNOPSIS The endothermic chemical reaction
THE PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION (PDO)
THE PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION (PDO) The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) refers to cyclical variations in sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. A detailed summary of the PDO is given in D Aleo
WEATHER NORMALIZATION METHODS AND ISSUES. Stuart McMenamin Mark Quan David Simons
WEATHER NORMALIZATION METHODS AND ISSUES Stuart McMenamin Mark Quan David Simons Itron Forecasting Brown Bag September 17, 2013 Please Remember» Phones are Muted: In order to help this session run smoothly,
Volcanoes. Table of Contents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms
Volcanoes Table of Contents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms What is a volcano? cone Conduit Or Pipe vent Side vent Central vent Crater A volcano is a vent or 'chimney'
A. What is a volcano?
VOLCANISM THE ROCK CYCLE I. Introduction From: Roman god of fire, Vulcan A. What is a volcano? A conical mountain formed around a vent where lava, pyroclastic materials, and gases are erupted. I. Introduction
IMPACTS OF A WARMING ARCTIC
The Earth s Greenhouse Effect Most of the heat energy emitted from the surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases which radiate heat back down to warm the lower atmosphere and the surface. Increasing the
( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law);
ATMO 336 -- Exam 3 120 total points including take-home essay Name The following equations and relationships may prove useful. F d1 =F d2 d 2 2 ( 1 d 2 ) (Inverse Square law);! MAX = 0.29 " 104 µmk (Wien's
A R O U N D W E G O COLOR CODE THE PATHWAY TO IGNEOUS ROCKS!
COLOR CODE THE PATHWAY TO IGNEOUS ROCKS! A R O U N D W E G O VOCABULARY FOR IGNEOUS ROCKS IGNEOUS ORIGINS volcanoes active volcano dormant volcano magma plutonic rocks intrusives lava volcanic rocks extrusives
Name Date Period. Rock Cycle Webquest
Rock Cycle Webquest Activity # 1 Rock and the Rock Cycle a) Open Rock and the Rock Cycle. Read and fill in the blanks. All rock (except for meteorites) that is on Earth today is made of the stuff as the
Volcanism as an Agent of Climate Forcing: The Roles, Extent, and Limitations
Zakk Carter ATS 320 The Changing Climate Term Paper Winter Term 2/6/14 Volcanism as an Agent of Climate Forcing: The Roles, Extent, and Limitations Introduction Volcanoes are not only one of the major
Use Target Reading Skills
The Geologic Time Scale (pp. 286 297) This section tells why the geologic time scale is used to show Earth s history, and what the organisms were like and the major events that happened in the different