ICE ENVIRONMENT VOLUME TWO

Transcription

1 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research ICE IN THE ENVIRONMENT VOLUME TWO Edited by Vernon Squire and Pat Langhorne University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Proceedings of 16th International Symposium on Ice Dunedin, New Zealand, 2 6 December 2002

2 Available from Department of Physics University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand ISBN Cover pictures by John Douglas and Pat Langhorne Cover designed by Peter Scott International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research Printed at the University of Otago, New Zealand

3 Table of Contents Volume 2 ICE RIDGING Small-scale plane strain punch tests 1 E. Lemée and T. Brown Review of ridge failure theories after analysing results from Confederation Bridge 8 E. Lemée and T. Brown Rubble-ice loads generated by cable-moored conical platform: ice-tank tests 16 R. Ettema and W. Nixon Ice pressure ridge impacts on oil spills in the Alaskan OCS 23 F.G. Bercha and M. Cerovšek Emergency evacuation of installations in Arctic ice conditions 32 F.G. Bercha The compressive strength of consolidated parts of ice ridge model 40 Y. Matsuo, Y. Yasunaga, S. Kioka, H. Saeki and A. Nagano Processes of ice scour event and control method of test conditions 47 S. Kioka, Y. Yasunaga, Y. Matsuo, A. Kubouchi and H. Saeki Size of the consolidated part of a hummock 56 I. Shatalina The strength of the unconsolidated layer model of ice ridge 62 Y. Yasunga, S. Kioka, Y. Matsuo, A. Furuya and H. Saeki What is the maximum pile-up height for ice? 69 G.W. Timco and A. Barker A model of ridge buildup 78 A. Makshtas and A. Marchenko Medium scale modelling of ice ridge scouring of the seabed, Part I: Experimental setup and basic results 86 P. Liferov, S. Løset, P.O. Moslet, B. Bonnemaire and K.V. Høyland Medium scale modelling of ice ridge scouring of the seabed, Part II: Consolidation and physical properties 94 K.V. Høyland, P. Liferov, P.O. Moslet, S. Løset and B. Bonnemaire On analysis of punch tests on ice rubble 101 P. Liferov, A. Jensen, K.V. Høyland and S. Løset

4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN ICE-INFESTED WATERS Laboratory study of oil spreading in broken ice 110 J. Gjøsteen and S. Løset On the analysis of oil spreading in broken ice 120 J. Gjøsteen and S. Løset Spreading of oil under ice covers: effects of bottom roughness of ice 128 K. Izumiyama, S. Uto, A. Konno, M. Sakikawa and S. Sakai Theory and modeling of the interfacial tension force on the oil spreading under ice covers 134 A. Konno and K. Izumiyama Experimental study on spreading of oil spilled among pack ice 142 N. Otsuka, K. Ogiwara, K. Kanaami, S. Takahashi and H. Saeki GROWTH AND DECAY PROCESSES OF SEA ICE A twin wave tank pancake ice growth experiment 150 K.-U. Evers, H.H. Shen, M. Dai, Y.Yuan, T. Kolerski and J. Wilkinson Wave-ice interaction during ice growth: the formation of pancake ice 158 S.F. Ackley, H.H. Shen, M. Dai and Y. Yuan Study of brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland 165 T. Kawamura, M.A. Granskog, J. Ehn, T. Martma, A. Lindfors, N. Ishikawa, K. Shirasawa, M. Leppäranta and R. Vaikmäe Chemical processes during formation of brackish water ice in the Baltic Sea 172 M.A. Granskog, J. Ehn, K. Virkkunen, T. Martma, D.N. Thomas and H. Kola Some observations of high porosity layers and brine drainage features in first-year sea ice 179 D.M. Cole, H. Eicken, L.H. Shapiro and K. Frey Sea ice strength during the melt season 187 G.W. Timco and M.E. Johnston Temperature changes in first year Arctic sea ice during decay process 194 M.E. Johnston and G.W. Timco Ice strength information in the Canadian Arctic: from science to operations 203 M-F. Gauthier, R. De Abreu, G.W. Timco and M.E. Johnston

5 Analysis of sea ice floes in the Sea of Okhotsk using ADEOS/AVNIR images 211 T. Toyota and H. Enomoto Ship-based sea ice observations in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica 218 S. Uto, H. Shimoda and K. Izumiyama Banding in McMurdo Fast Ice 225 V. Verbeke, J.-L. Tison, H.-J. Trodahl and T.G. Haskell Modelling of refrozen cracks in sea ice 235 C. Petrich, P.J. Langhorne and T.G. Haskell Modelling the evolution of draft distribution in the sea ice pack of the Beaufort Sea 243 T. Bellchamber-Amundrud, H. Melling and R.G. Ingram ATMOSPHERE-ICE-OCEAN INTERACTIONS Influence of the sea ice cover on geochemical cycles in the northern Baltic Sea 251 M.A. Granskog, H. Kaartokallio and T. Lakomaa Sensitivity of modeled sea ice to external forcing and parameterizations of heat exchange processes 259 A.P. Makshtas, S.V. Shoutilin and V.F. Romanov On the shortwave radiation parameterization in thermodynamic sea ice models in the Baltic Sea 268 J. Ehn, K. Rasmus, M. Leppäranta and K. Shirasawa Monte Carlo modelling of sea ice beam-spread data 275 P.E. Bond Simulation of sea ice in the Bohai Sea with an ice-ocean coupled model 284 Jie Su, Huiding Wu, Hai Li and Qinzheng Liu Nonlinear phenomena in resonant excitation of flexural-gravity waves 292 A. Marchenko On the excitation of shelf edge waves due to self-induced oscillations of ice floes 301 A. Marchenko, A. Makshtas and L. Shapiro Large amplitude periodic waves beneath an ice sheet 310 G. Hegarty and V.A. Squire Ice-coupled waves at a deep water tide crack or ice jetty 318 T. Williams and V.A. Squire

6 Empirical formula of dispersion relation of waves in sea ice 327 S. Sakai and K. Hanai Simulation of pancake ice dynamics in a wave field 336 S. Frankenstein, M. Hopkins and H. Shen Simulating ice floes in the MIZ using stochastic simulation 344 M.H. Meylan Sea ice dynamics in Baltic Sea basins 353 M. Lepparanta and Keguang Wang Modelling sea ice deformation with a viscous-plastic isotropic rheology 358 J.K. Hutchings and W.D. Hibler III Modes of variability of Arctic sea-ice motion from 1949 to P. Heil, J.K. Hutchings and W.D. Hibler III The impact of sea ice on the periodic shallow water dynamics in the Laptev Sea (Siberian Arctic) 375 I.A. Dmitrenko, J.A. Hölemann, S.A. Kirillov, S.L. Berezovskaya, D.A. Ivanova, H. Eicken and H. Kassens Transport of bioenergy by large scale Arctic ice drift 382 C. Arndt and O.J. Lønne Stability of sea ice dynamics models 391 R.S. Pritchard Underside profile and drift characteristics of sea ice on the Japanese coast of Okhotsk Sea 399 Y. Yamamoto, M. Sakikawa, D. Honma and Shinji Kioka AUTONOMOUS MEASUREMENTS Sea ice classification of ERS-2 SAR images based on a nested-correlation ice-tracking algorithm 407 J. Haarpaintner Improved Antarctic ice surface temperature algorithm for application to AVHRR data 415 K.L. Hill and K. Michael In situ sea ice stresses in the Western Arctic during the winter of J.A. Richter-Menge, B. Elder, K. Claffey, J. Overland and S. Salo

7 ICE FORECASTING Long range ice forecasting techniques in the Canadian Arctic initial verification 431 M.-F. Gauthier and J.C. Falkingham A sea ice forecast model for the Arctic Ocean 439 J. L. Lieser and P. Lemke 24-Hour forecast verification of the operational Polar Ice Predication System 445 M.L. Van Woert, Cheng-Zhi Zou, W.N. Meier, P.D. Hovey and M. Chase