How Did You Do? Rock Cycle Cooling & Crystallization. The Basics of Plate Tectonics. The Plates of Plate Tectonics. GIS - Seeing the Plates
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1 The Rock ycle Uplifed To The Surface Weahering, Erosion & Deposiion w Did You Do? Rock ycle ooling & rysallizaion Igneous Magma Hea & Pressure Uplifed o he Surface Uplifed To he Surface Hea & Pressure Sedimens Sedimenary Burial & Lihificaion Meamorphic Hea & Pressure Layers of he Earh The Basics of Plae Teconics The Plaes of Plae Teconics The Lihosphere is made of he crus and he rigid upper manle. The is made of he ducile upper manle. GIS - Seeing he Plaes The lihosphere is broken ino enormous pieces ha we call plaes. Teconic plaes move in differen direcions and a differen raes! Plaes inerac a plae boundaries, creaing characerisic feaures and processes.
2 Finding he Plaes Using saellie echnology, we can see he plaes by looking a he earhquakes ha occur on Earh. Deep earhquakes are associaed wih convergen boundaries. Away from he boundary because he subducing plae moves under he plae. Shallow Earhquakes are associaed wih boh boundaries. Typically found a he boundary. Le s Explore he Plae Boundaries! Divergen Plae Boundaries A divergen plae boundaries, he plaes are moving AWAY from each oher. Rif Divergen Plae Boundaries Rif Valley oninenal Rif Mid-ocean Ridge New ocean crus is creaed, which means he ocean is expanding! Since basal crus is formed here, a new ocean is forming! onvergen Boundary: Ocean-Ocean onvergen Boundary: Ocean-oninen Deep SeaTrench Trench
3 onvergen Boundary: oninen-oninen Examples of Plae Teconics Wha s Nex?? If i happened in he pas, i should happen in he fuure. Wha Do They Have In ommon? Earhquakes! Earhquakes are naural vibraions of he ground caused by movemen along giganic fracures in Earh s crus, known as fauls. Fauls are creaed when a large amoun of sress is applied o a rock or if he sress is applied oo quickly. Mee Pangaea Proxima! Sressed Ou! As he plaes ry o move, hey ge suck on each oher. Sress builds up. When he sress exceeds he srengh of he rock, i will break, causing energy o be released. Measuring Earhquakes The magniude of an earhquake is ofen measured using he Richer Scale. Measures he amoun of energy released during an earhquake. Each successive number in he scale represens an increase in seismic wave size of a facor of 10. Seismic waves spread ou from he poin of failure. This poin is known as he focus and is locaed deep wihin he earh s surface. The poin on Earh s surface direcly above he focus is known as he epicener.
4 Measuring Earhquakes The inensiy of an earhquake is measured using he Modified Mercalli Scale. Measures he amoun of damaged caused by an earhquake. The higher he Roman numeral, he worse he damage. Sudden Movemens Movemen along plae boundaries can have a verical componen, a horizonal componen, or boh. When here is a verical componen underneah he ocean, a sunami is formed. Volcanic aciviy can also cause a sunami. Erupion causes a sudden displacemen of waer. Wall of Waer Maer in Moion Human Impacs Unlike waer waves where he paricles jus oscillae and he energy is moved, in a sunami boh he energy and he waer move wih he wave. In open ocean, hey are very small. When hey reach land, he wavelengh shorens and heigh Ecological Resuls increase. Damages coral reefs and coasal habias. hanges saliniy of coasal habias. More vulnerable o erosion makes soil less ferile. Excepions o he Rules
5 Spos are Spos Tell Us Abou Plae Moion An unusually ho region of he Earh s manle where high-emperaure plumes of magma rise oward he surface. Originae deep in he manle or possibly near he core-manle boundary. Exremely ho area produces magma ha mels hrough he crus o form volcanoes on he surface. Scieniss believe ha ho spos are saionary. Always says in he same place while he plae moves. As his happens, a chain of volcanoes forms. Wha Makes Them Move? The simple answer is hea from he cener of he Earh. We can also use he ho spo o deermine he rae of plae moion. Making Plaes Move! Scieniss hypohesize ha he convecion currens in he ashenosphere drag he plaes along. The core of he Earh is ho for wo reasons. D D Subducion Subducion Original hea of formaion Radioaciviy Since he core is ho, i heas he ashenosphere. The ashenosphere is sof rock ha flows. Hea ransfer in a fluid is known as convecion. Subducion oninenal Rif onvecion is densiy driven! Ocean Ridge onvergen and divergen boundaries alernae! This suppors ha he plaes are consanly recycled!
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