11 Years Engineering Geology Fieldwork in Falset, Salou, and Cambrils. Science From Fieldwork

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Dale Small
5 years ago
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1 11 Years Engineering Geology Fieldwork in Falset, Salou, and Cambrils Science From Fieldwork

2 What did we Produce? Why did we? 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 2

3 Why did we do science during fieldwork? Keep the staff happy Intellectual interest Keep students happy 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 3

4 Why keep students happy? It is not every year the same The data gathered and products produced are used, and not only for a mark 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 4

5 Are the students happy? 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 5

6 What did we Produce? (1) Qualitative Weathering rating Equotip as rock mechanics strength tester Visual roughness characterization Intermediate scale laser roughness tester Quantitative weathering rating Problem index rating for mapping (PRI) Slope stability probability classification (SSPC) 3D models on data of Falset 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 6

7 What did we Produce? (2) Methylene Blue tests Excavation rating model Hamertje tik Cementation effects due to Gypsum Numerous other features which did not (yet) made it into an article 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 7

8 Equotip as rock mechanics strength tester UCS vs. Equotip (after Verwaal et al., 1993). UCS (MPa) Equotip (L) 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 8

9 Visual roughness characterization CONDITION OF DISCONTINUITIES factor Roughness large scale (Rl) (visual area > 0.2 x 0.2 and < 1 x 1 m2) Roughness small scale (Rs) (tactile and visual on an area of 20 x 20 cm 2 ) wavy slightly wavy curved slightly curved straight rough stepped/irregular smooth stepped polished stepped rough undulating smooth undulating polished undulating rough planar smooth planar polished planar cemented/cemented infill no infill - surface staining Infill material (Im) non softening & sheared material, e.g. free of clay, talc, etc. soft sheared material, e.g. clay, talc, etc. coarse medium fine coarse medium fine gouge < irregularities gouge > irregularities flowing material Karst (Ka) none karst Discontinuity characterization (after Hack et al., 1995, 1998). 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 9

Baardman, 1993) 14 dec 2001 11 years engineering

10 Intermediate scale laser roughness tester 8 cm mm Laser roughness profile of sample in photo (after Baardman, 1993) 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 10

11 Slope stability probability classification (SSPC) (1) TC (condition of discontinuity) (-) discontinuity stable with respect to sliding (1) (joint 3 example) TC (condition of discontinuity) (-) discontinuity unstable 0.40 with respect to sliding AP + slope dip (deg) AP (deg) 95 % 70 % 50 % 30 % 5 % discontinuity stable with respect to toppling (2) discontinuity unstable with respect to toppling 95 % 70 % 50 % 30 % 5 % 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 11

12 Slope stability probability classification (SSPC) (2) Hmax / Hslope 10 1 Dashed probability lines i ndicate t hat the number of slopes us ed for the development of the SSPC system for these sections of the graph is li mited and t he probabili ty li nes may not be as c ertain as the probabilit y lines drawn with a conti nuous li ne. probability to be stable > 95 % (example) 10 % 5 % 95 % 70 % 50 % 30 % 90 % (1) +(2) +(3) give Likelihood of a slope to be stable (3) probability to be stable < 5 % ϕ mass / slope dip 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 12

Soil testing (Falset, Spain) (Photo courtesy Zigterman) 14 dec 2001 11

13 Soil testing (Falset, Spain) (Photo courtesy Zigterman) 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 13

14 Hamertje tik Tertiary congl./sst. Jura limest. Tg23 Tg22 Tg21 Tg1 sst. Tg1 congl. H slate H congl. H sst. H gneiss granodiorite c. averages per unit estimated intact rock strength (MPa) (estimated = UCS) estimated = * UCS R2 = UCS (MPa) 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 14

15 Geotechnical properties and slope stability problems in weak rocks or cemented soils (Upper Musschelkalk- Keuper transition, Falset, Spain, 2001) 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 15

16 Karst and cemented (crust) layers. (Falset, Spain, 2001) 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 16

17 Future Continue at location Weathering time relation In-homogeneity Shallow 3D resistivity to identify crusts??? 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 17

Tunnel excursions (Tunnels de Garafe, Barcelona, Spain) 14 dec 2001 11

18 Tunnel excursions (Tunnels de Garafe, Barcelona, Spain) 14 dec years engineering geology in Falset - science from fieldwork - hack 18

RQD Slope stability classification Weathering

RQD Slope stability classification Weathering Robert Hack Engineering Geology, ESA, International Institute for Geoinformation Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC) The Netherlands Dehradun, India, 23 September