St. David's Buried Gorge

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2 cliffs Left: south Niagara of Whirlpool River just in autumn; north of the Bottom Whirlpool Right:inWhirlpool autumn; and Top up Right: the Niagara Gorge River in autumn Photo Gallery {igallery 0} General Information The St. David's buried gorge existed 22,800 years ago. It was once a part of an ancient drainage system which extended the entire width of the NiagaraPeninsula. The was approximately 1200 long, 305 meters wide, and 91 meters deep at the whirlpool. Previously the gorge was 200 feet deeper than the depth of Lake Ontario. The gorge extended into Lake Ontario 2.4 kilometers (1.5 miles) west of the present 2/7

3 Niagara River. The gorges original landscape is no longer visible however, as the widely recognized Whirlpool Gorge was formed in its place. Thus only remnants of its geologic origins exist. TripClip Audio File {mp3}geostdavidsburiedgorge{/mp3} Hours of Operation The Whirlpool Aero Car is open seasonally and is open daily from April 30 to November. Hours are subject to change. 3/7

4 Directions From Toronto: Head Southwest on QEW approximately 108km Slight left at King s Highway 405 approximately 5.1km Take Stanley Ave E Exit toward Niagara Falls approximately 0.6km Merge onto Stanley Ave (south) approximately 1.2km Left (southeast) at Whirlpool Rd approximately 1.3km Right (southeast) at Niagara Parkway approximately 0.7km Continue onto River Rd approximately 0.1km Parking for Whirlpool Aero Car is on the left From Fort Erie: Head west on QEW towards Exit 1A approximately 11.4km 4/7

5 Take Exit 12 for Netherby Rd towards Welland (north) approximately 0.7km Left (north) at Niagara River Parkway approximately 10.7km Continue onto Bridgewater St (southwest) approximately 0.5km Right (northwest) at Welland River Bridge approximately 0.2km Right (northeast) at Macklem St approximately 0.3km Continue onto Niagara River Parkway (northwest) approximately 8.8km Parking for Whirlpool Aero Car is on the right geological significance 5/7

6 The was once a channel for an ancient river that existed before the third Wisconsin Glacier had advanced. It is believed that the gorge was buried in glacial silt during this time approximately 12,000 years ago and failed to reopen. When the Niagara Falls eroded the gorge to its present location at Thompson Point (where we find the Spanish Aero car attraction), the river found erosion of the rock much easier. This lead to the river breaking through the rock barrier which held back the glacial debris. It was later discovered that this had filled into what was previously the ancient gorge of the St. David's River. The Niagara River removed the present whirlpool area of all the glacial debris, and subsequently changed direction to follow the ancient gorge a short distance southward. It is believed that the ancient St. David s River was responsible for carving the now filled and subsequently the Whirlpool Gorge from the rock. Th e gorge was approximately 38 meters (125 feet) wide. During the advance of the late Wisconsin Glacier the ancient Whirlpool gorge and the St. David's gorge were filled with glacial debris. Historical There have been many fossils found in the area. Some of the fossils found include: Trilobites (Trilobata) - sea floor crustaceans ( million years ago) 6/7

7 found in Rochester, Grimsby and Clinton layers of rock Snails (Gastropoda) - spiral shells of snails found in Silurian rocks Sea Lilies (Crinoidea) - sea floor starfish (425 million years ago) found in Rochester shale rock layer - still in existence at bottom of Atlantic Ocean Horn Coral (Enterolasma Caliculum) grew on sea bottom ( million years ago) found in Lockport and Clinton layers of rock Lamp Shells (Phyla Brachiopoda) - clam like shells, eighty different species found in the Clinton & Rochester rock layers Nautilus (Cephalopod) - ancestors of nautilus, squid & cuttlefish (425 million years ago) found in Medina and Queenston rock layers Recreational Participating in the Whirlpool Aero Car Tour is provides an excellent opportunity for visitors to visualize the ancient landscape. The site is located to the southwest (left) of the attraction. This is where the ancient river changed its directional flow due to an increased resistance to erosion. 7/7

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