Some Like It Hot, Hot, Hot: When Primates Roamed Texas Rainforests
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1 # 103 Some Like It Hot, Hot, Hot: When Primates Roamed Texas Rainforests Dr. Christopher Kirk October 21, 2016 Produced by and for Hot Science - Cool Talks by the Environmental Science Institute. We request that the use of these materials include an acknowledgement of the presenter and Hot Science - Cool Talks by the Environmental Science Institute at UT Austin. We hope you find these materials educational and enjoyable.
2 Some Like It Hot, Hot, Hot: When Primates Roamed Texas' Rainforests Chris Kirk Department of Anthropology
3 Most people think of science like this:
4 But most people don t think of science like this:
5 Welcome to the world of paleontology! Where the payoffs can be huge, but you re much more likely to get skunked
6 Paleo Jargon: SKUNKED: verb, past tense (skəngkt) - When you look for fossils all day / week / month (etc.) and don t find anything interesting
7 What you need to find fossils: 1. Good luck 2. Training 3. Persistence (& money!) 4. Giant shoulders to stand on John Andrew Wilson Photo: Sarah Wilson
8 Photo: Michael Thompson Big Bend National Park s
9 Coryphodon - Extinct mammal from the Eocene epoch (56-34 MYA)
10 Big Bend is littered with Eocene fossils
11 Photo: Paul Chaplo Sierra Vieja s
12 Photo: Sarah Wilson Devil s Graveyard s
13 Sierra Vieja Devil s Graveyard Q: Why are there so many Eocene fossils in the Big Bend? A: Geology! Austin BBNP
14 Front range of the Rocky Mountains - Rising ~ Million Years Ago Austin
15 Front range of the Rocky Mountains Tornillo Basin Austin
16 Quitman Chinati & Infiernito Eagle & Van Horn Bofecillos & Sierra Rica Buckhorn, Paisano, Davis Christmas & Santiago Chisos & Rosillos Mountain Building followed by lots of volcanic activity (48-28 MYA) Austin
17 The excellent Eocene fossil record in the Big Bend is tied to the abundance of volcanoes
18 Quitman Chinati & Infiernito Eagle & Van Horn Bofecillos & Sierra Rica Buckhorn, Paisano, Davis Christmas & Santiago Chisos & Rosillos When these volcanoes were active, the Big Bend was a very different place Austin
19 Big Bend Today:
20 Big Bend during the Eocene: Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica
21 Q: How could you have tropical rainforests in West Texas? Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica
22 Present Past A: Global temperatures have changed a lot in the last 66 million years
23 Present Past Eocene was much warmer than the present day Tropical forests widespread in North America
24 E.g., Ellesmere Island today
25 Ellesmere Island 55 MYA
26 Plenty of evidence of these Eocene tropical forests in the Big Bend:
27 Photo: Sarah Wilson Tornillo Flat, Big Bend National Park
28
29
30 Paleosols - Ancient Forest Soils
31 So - what animals lived in these tropical forests?
32 Tiny forest horses with short legs & multiple toes Epihippus
33 ...About the size and build of a miniature Doberman
34 Protitanotherium Rhino-sized browsers called Brontotheres
35 Harpagolestes Mesonychids - Large carnivores with bonecrushing teeth like hyenas
36 Amynodon Early Rhinos
37 Photo: Chris Kirk
38 ~ 38 Million Year Old Sandstone Boulder
39 ~ 38 Million Year Old Sandstone Boulder
40 38 Million Year Old Sandstone Boulder
41 38 Million Year Old Sandstone Boulder
42 In most tropical forests today, you find primates So too in the Eocene forests of the Big Bend
43 Mahgarita stevensi ~ 38 MYA - 4 known specimens - Known only from the Devil s Graveyard
44 Rooneyia viejaensis MYA - 1 known specimen - Known only from the Sierra Vieja
45 Rooneyia and Mahgarita both oddballs - 5 great specimens, but evolutionary relationships uncertain - Would be nice to know more
46 This is where I come in - Started at UT in 2003
47
48
49 Midwestern State University s Dalquest Research Site Photo: Sarah Wilson
50 Let me show you what the fieldwork is like:
51 Photo: Sarah Wilson Step 1 - Convince people to spend their free time with you in the desert
52 Photo: Sarah Wilson Step 2 - Hike to exposures
53 Step 3 - Prospect
54 Step 4 - Crawl
55
56 bone freshwater ray teeth gar scales
57 Film: Sarah Wilson Step 5 - The plague of locusts technique
58 Photos: Sarah Wilson If you re lucky, you ll find something good
59 And if you re really lucky, you ll find something like this:
60 2005: Started finding jaws and teeth of a new primate species closely related to Mahgarita - Older (~ 42 MYA) - Smaller (325 g) - Diet fruit + insects - Also known only from the Devil s Graveyard
61 Mescalerolemur horneri (2011)
62 The two species are so distinctive that they probably represent a single evolving lineage Upper teeth of Mescalerolemur (~ 42 MYA) Upper teeth of Mahgarita (~ 38 MYA)
63 Analysis of evolutionary relationships of Mescalerolemur and Mahgarita show that (1) they re closely related to similar fossil primates from Eurasia and Africa
64 Tells us that these endemic Texas primates migrated into North America from Asia
65 Analysis also tells us which living primates Mescalerolemur and Mahgarita are most closely related to
66 Lemurs, Lorises, and Bushbabies! Southern Bushbaby Slow Loris Indri (Lemur)
67 In fact, best living ecological analogues for Mahgarita and Mescalerolemur: modern lemurs of Madagascar (Add lemurs to your mental image of the West Texas Eocene!)
68 Other fossil Primates: Diablomomys dalquesti (2008) - Body Mass ~ 400 g - Diet fruit + insects - Also known only from the Devil s Graveyard
69 Jaws and teeth of two new species! - Body Mass ~ 800 g - Diet mainly fruit - Currently being described for publication
70 All of these fossil primates probably related to living tarsiers
71 What exactly is a tarsier, you ask?
72 Of course, most of what we find isn t a primate Photo: Sarah Wilson
73 The Latest: A New Amphisbaenian - Solastella
74 Amphisbaenians might be the coolest animals you ve never heard of...
75 Photo: Sarah Wilson March 2015:
76 Photo: Sarah Wilson March 2015:
77 Primate Frontal Bone But no associated teeth (arrg!)
78 Nevertheless shares key features with Rooneyia
79 Similarities: - Flange of bone behind the eye socket - Foramen (hole) in the flange
80 Eye sockets deeply recessed under frontal lobes Stay tuned!
81 The Big Picture from the Big Bend: - Where you find the original native Texans - A group of early fossil primates that are unique to the region and unlike any other in North America
82 So why no non-human primates in the Big Bend today?
83 Most of the Eocene very warm, but
84 Eocene ends with the most precipitous drop in global temperature the last 66 million years
85 Eocene Epoch Forests of Big Bend had primates like modern lemurs out by day and primates like tarsiers creeping around at night
86 Oligocene Epoch Tropical forests (& primates) gone in N. Am.
87 Thanks To: - Jack Wilson, Jim and Margaret Stevens, Sarah Wilson - Staff of the Jackson School Museum of Earth History s Vertebrate Paleontology Lab - Midwestern State University; Norman Horner, Bill Cook, Ray Willis - Walter and Rose Dalquest - Field Crews!
88
Stratigraphic correlation. Old Earth, Changing Earth. Plate Tectonics. A105 Fossil Lecture. Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals. Tuff A. Tuff Q.
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