Earth Science Lab. Topic: Geologic History. Learning Standards: (New York)

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1 arth Science ab opic: Geologic History earning Standards: (New ork) atter is made up of particles whose properties determine the observable characteristics of matter and its reactivity. Students will describe chemical and physical changes, including changes in the states of matter. aterials: aboratory Handout State eference able Introduction: Students will discuss the concept of geologic history and the relevance of its present day application. Class Participation: Students will be broken up into lab groups to complete the laboratory handout listing the different stages of geologic history. Students will also make further inferences and analyze the different fossils that have been found within each layer of progressively older sedimentary rock. (Supplemental information can be derived from available textbooks and other resources) ssessments: Short erm: Upon completion of their labs students will be encouraged to discuss their findings. his exercise will be a valuable asset in aiding their understanding the idea of geologic history. his exercise will also utilize library and referencing skills. ong erm: Practice regents questions will be assigned throughout the year. Supplemental resources such as graphic organizers, labs and review sheets will help the students become more comfortable with scientific material in preparation for the New ork State arth Science egents xam. Student will also exhibit a basic understanding of the dynamics that govern our everchanging environment. Conclusion: Students will exhibit an understanding of geological history and the historical record of the age differentiation of various sedimentary rock layers. Students will submit their labs for a grade and be documented in accordance with New ork State laws and mandates pertaining to the earth science curriculum. Instructor iagnosis and mendments: mendments: dministrative pproval and Suggested

2 Instructor Name I..# ate Period ark Geological History Objective: Students will exhibit an understanding of Geological History and draw conclusions about the findings of specific fossils found throughout specific sedimentary layers. Vocabulary: Sedimentary ock Fossil ecord Index fossil poch ra on Procedure: Students will analyze the geological history of their respective states through the use of the fossil record. Geologic history is to complex to be organized by rock ages and isotopic dating so scientists utilize the rare fossils found within each layer of sedimentary rock. Please review the given data and ascertain how the layout can provide detailed information when scientists discover the remains of an index fossil

3 (Fossils not drawn to scale) GOOGIC HISO OF NW OK S B C F G H I J K N O P Q S U V W X Z Cryptolithus lliptocephala on illions of PHNO- ZOIC P C B I N CHN POOZOIC I I Valcouroceras Phacops Hexameroceras Oldest multicellular life First appearance of sexually reproducing organisms ra ransition to atmosphere containing oxygen Oldest microfossils Geochemical evidence for oldest biological fixing of carbon Oldest known rocks stimated time of origin of arth and solar system CNOZOIC SOZOIC POZOIC Centroceras ucalyptocrinus etragraptus anticoceras Ctenocrinus icellograptus QUN I NOGN POGN CCOUS JUSSIC ISSIC PIN CBONIF- OUS Period poch ife on arth PNNSVNIN VONIN SIUIN ISSISSIPPIN OOVICIN CBIN illions of HOOCN PISOCN 1.6 Humans, mastodonts, mammoths PIOCN arge carnivores 5.3 IOCN bundant grazing mammals 24 arliest grasses OIGOCN arge running mammals OCN 33.7 any modern groups of mammals 54.8 POCN 65 xtinction of dinosaurs and ammonoids arliest placental mammals Climax of dinosaurs and ammonoids arliest flowering plants ecline of brachiopods iverse bony fishes 142 I 206 I I I I arliest birds bundant dinosaurs and ammonoids odern coral groups appear arliest dinosaurs and mammals with abundant cycads and conifers xtinction of many kinds of marine animals, including trilobites First mammal-like reptiles arliest reptiles xtensive coal-forming forests bundant sharks and amphibians arge and numerous scale trees and seed ferns arliest amphibians, ammonoids, sharks xtinction of armored fish, other fish abundant arliest insects arliest land plants and animals Peak development of eurypterids Invertebrates dominant mollusks become abundant iverse coral and echinoderms Graptolites abundant 490 arliest fish lgal reefs Burgess shale fauna arliest chordates, diverse trilobites arliest trilobites arliest marine animals with shells diacaran fauna Soft-bodied organisms Stromatolites 1300 Coelophysis ock ecord in NS ime istribution of Fossils (Including Important Fossils of New ork) IOBIS B Stylonurus urypterus astodont NUIOIS ONOIS C F G ifting ectonic vents ffecting Northeast North merica Passive argin ifting Passive argin Subduction Continental Collision ransform Collision Important Geologic vents in New ork dvance and retreat of last continental ice Uplift of dirondack region Sands and shales underlying ong Island and Staten Island deposited on margin of tlantic Ocean evelopment of passive continental margin Initial opening of tlantic Ocean North merica and frica separate Intrusion of Palisades sill Pangea begins to break up xtensive erosion ppalachian (lleghanian) Orogeny caused by collision of North merica and frica along transform margin, forming Pangea Catskill elta forms rosion of cadian ountains cadian Orogeny caused by collision of North merica and valon and closing of remaining part of Iapetus Ocean Salt and gypsum deposited in evaporite basins rosion of aconic ountains; Queenston elta forms aconian Orogeny caused by closing of western part of Iapetus Ocean and collision between North merica and volcanic island arc Iapetus passive margin forms ifting and initial opening of Iapetus Ocean rosion of Grenville ountains Grenville Orogeny: ncestral dirondack tns. and Hudson Highlands formed Inferred Position of arth s andmasses I CCOUS ISSIC OOVICIN 8 arth Science eference ables 2001 dition arth Science eference ables 2001 dition 9 CINOIS I H arth s first forest GPOIS INOSUS K J UPIS O S N VSCU PNS Q P S PCO FISH BIS Beluga Whale ettered circles indicate the approximate time of existence of a specific index fossil (e.g. Fossil lived at the end of the arly Cambrian). arth s first coral reef COS V U GSOPOS X W Bothriolepis Cooksonia Naples ree neurophyton BCHIOPOS Z ichenaria Pleurodictyum Platyceras ucrospirifer Condor Cystiphyllum aclurites ospirifer 59 million 119 million 232 million VONIN/ISSISSIPPIN 362 million 458 million CK(rev) 8/2000

4 Observations: Questions: 1. What are some of the important geologic events that have occurred in your state? 2. What are the respective index fossils used to determine the evonian, Ordovician and Cambrian periods? 3. What period in geological time did North merica reside the lowest in latitude? 4. t what time did the ppalachian ountains form? 5. What epoch did the earliest humans take shape? 6. When did the first mammals start to take shape? 7. When did the last of the continental ice begin to retreat? 8. uring what period did the tlantic Ocean begin to take shape? Conclusion: Why are fossils such an important tool for scientists to ascertain the age of the surrounding rock?

5 nswer Key: Continental rift ab Questions: 1. he beginning of the tlantic Ocean and the formation of the ppalachisn ountatins 2. Centroceras, Cryptolithus and lliptocephala 3. Ordovician 4. arly Permian 5. Pleistocene poch 6. Permian Period 7. Pleistocene poch 8. Jurassic Period

Class Notes: Geologic Time

Name: Date: Period: Geologic Time The Physical Setting: arth Science Class Notes: Geologic Time I. Relative Dating Uniformitarianism -! The present is the key to the past Relative Dating -! Principle of