26-27 May Renaissance Hotel, Kota Bharu, Kelantart) G.H. Teh, Ismail Yusoff, Azman Abdul Ghani & T.F. Ng E A R A

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1 .I erua' mp Renaissance Hotel, Kota Bharu, Kelantart) May 2002 Editors: G.H. Teh, Ismail Yusoff, Azman Abdul Ghani & T.F. Ng Collaboracors: Minerals and Geoscience Departrnenr Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. University of Malaya A MAtI Universiti Sains Malaysia Institute of Geology Malaysia E A R A,

2 PERSATUAN GEOLOGI MALAYSIA Geological Society of Malaysia Council 2002/2003 President Vice President Secretary Assistant Secretary Treasurer Editor Immediate Past President Councillors (2-year) Councillors (l-year) Abdul Ghani Rafek Mohd Shafeea Leman Ahmad Tajuddin Ibrahim Ismail Yusoff Lee Chai Peng Teh Guan Hoe Ibrahim Komoo Abdul Rahim Samsudin Chow Weng Sum Ibrahim Abdullah Nik Ramli Nik Hassan Abdul Rashid Jaapar Liew Kit Kong Tan Boon Kong W ~~ ' ~ W ~~ H ~ ~u~ PERSIDANGAN TAHUNAN GEOLOGI 2002 Annual Geological Conference 2002 Organising Committee Ismail Yusoff (Chairman) Azman Abdul Ghani (Secretary) Ahmad Tajuddin Ibrahim Abdul Rashid Ahmad Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin Mohd Rozi Umor Mat Niza Abd. Rahman Samsudin Taib Che Norliza Lat Phakhruddin Abdullah Ismail Yusoff (Co-Chairman) Azman Abdul Ghani Editorial Subcommittee Teh Guan Hoe (Chairman) Reviewers Ng Tham Fatt Phakhruddin Abdullah Abdul Ghani Rafek Samsudin Taib Teh Guan Hoe Wan Fuad Wan Hassan Lee Chai Peng Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin John Kuna Raj Nuraiteng Tee Abdullah Abdul Rahim Samsuddin Azman Abdul Ghani Hamzah Mohamad Basir Jasin Abdul Rashid Ahmad H.D. Tjia Ismail Yusoff Ahmad Tajuddin Ibrahim

3 o AI Rong '.lng lf"\9 erua' Renaissance Hotel, Kota Bharu, Kelantan I May 2002 in 9 yek 9 J uela Editors: G.H. Teh, Ismail Yusoff, Azman Abdul Ghani & T.F. Ng Collaborators: Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia University of Malaya UiIiversiti Sains Malaysia Institute of Geology Malaysia E A R ",<".,, \"'.,.,.,, \ \

4 Copyright: Geological Society of Malaysia, 2002' All right reserved. No.part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Geological Society of Malaysia. Published in May 2002 by Geological Society of Malaysia c/o Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Tel: Fax: geologi@po.jaring.my Printed by Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd. 29 lalan Riong, Kuala Lumpur

5 PREFACE This volume marks the publication of the first Conference Issue of the Society's Bulletin series, dedicated to papers presented at the Society's Annual Geological Conferences. This Bulletin 45 contains the reviewed papers that will be presented at the Annual Geological Conference 2002 which will be held on the 26-27th May 2002 at the Rennaissance Hotel, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A total of 58 papers will be presented, of these 28 will be presentations in 5 technical sessions while the other 30 will make up presentations at the 2 poster sessions. I like to take this opportunity to congratulate the Organising Chairman of the Annual Geological Conference 2002, Dr. Ismail Yusoff, for putting up a commendable programme and being able to attract 58 contributions for this inaugural Conference Issue. It was indeed a monumental task to get this volume in time for the Conference with the large number of papers and the tedious editorial process coupled with the need to maintain the standard of the Society's publications. I would like to thank the Organising Chairman for starting the initial editorial process of getting the papers reviewed and communicating with the contributors. The prompt attention given by the reviewers is greatly appreciated. I like to extend my sincere thanks to the members of the editorial subcommittee for their tireless effort, in particular Ng Tham Fatt and A.K. Fan, for working round-the-clock to ensure that this volume will be available to all at the Conference. Last but not least, special thanks must be accorded to the many contributors of papers for their worthy contributions to make this Annual Geological Conference 2002 in Kota Bharu a success. G.H. Teh Chairman Editorial Subcommittee Annual Geological Conference 2002 iii

6 FOREWORD The Annual Geological Conference 2002 is the 16th in the series of conferences organised by the Geological Society of Malaysia since The Conference is a national event well-attended by geoscientists from academia, as well as the public and private sectors. Hence the Conference provides participants with an excellent opportunity to exchange scientific and technical information. Malaysia has intensified her development programmes in tandem with Vision The consequences would be an increased in environmental problems and hazards. Geoscientists may contribute their knowledge and expertise to mitigate related increase in geohazards such as landslides and slope failures. In addition, geoscientists may also help in giving guidelines to relevant agencies involved in resource exploitation for development in terms of environmental limits for sustainability. Thus this annual conference can be a venue for geoscientists to bring forward their findings and experience in some ways relevant to this year[s annual geological conference theme 0 Geoscience for the betterment of environmental stewardship in MalaysiaD. The scientific programme of this Conference was organised to encompass the wide ranging interests of Malaysian geoscientists under 8 themes. The themes include Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology, Petrology & Geochemistry, Environmental & Conservation Geology, Geotourism, Tectonics & Structural Geology, Mineral Resources, Geoscience Tools & Techniques, Sedimentology/Stratigraphy & Paleontology. One keynote address and 57 papers have been selected for presentation. The papers are more-or-iess evenly distributed within each theme and are expected to further enhance the current knowledge and understanding of the geology of Malaysia. The Annual Geological Conference 2002 marks the first time such a Conference by the Geological Society of Malaysia is held in the east coast state ofkelantan. This provides participants with a unique opportunity to get to sample the geotourism potential and geology of Kelantan more intimately through the pre- and post-conference fieldtrips that have been planned. This Conference Issue Special Publication of the Society[S Bulletin series, will be distributed to all participants at the Conference. The publication ofthis Conference Issue this year is again a great challenge to the Organising Committee in general and the Editorial Subcommittee in particular, in view of the short time constraint and the need to maintain the quality of material. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to Prof. Teh Guan Hoe and Ng Tham Fatt and members of the Editorial Subcommittee for their hard work and commitment. I would also like to extent my gratitude to the board of reviewers and all contributors of papers for their help in making this publication a reality. Lastly, I am also indebted to members of the organising committee for their dedication and support in planning and ensuring the success of the Conference programme. Ismail Yusoff Chairman Organising Committee Annual Geological Conference 2002 iv

7 TABL'E OF CONTENTS Technical Session I: Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology 3 Land use changes, soil erosion and decreased base flow of rivers at Cameron Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia 1.K. RAJ 11 Laterite revisited: mode of formation ABD. RASHID AHMAD & TEH GUAN HOE 19 Sifat geologi kejuruteraan batuan kuarzit di Bangi Golf Resort, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor D.E. ABDUL GHANl RAFEK, SITI RASHIDAH MOHD RASID & ABDUL RAHIM SAMSUDIN 23 Perubahan fasies hidrokimia dalam akuifer aluvium pantai: Kajian kes di kawasan Pekan-Nenasi, Pahang ISMAIL C. MOHAMAD, ABDUL RAHIM SAMSUDIN, ABDUL GHANI RAFEK & MOHD TADZA ABDUL RAHMAN 31 Physico-chemical properties of andesitic soils in the Kg. Awah area, Pahang TAN BOON KONG & YEW CHEE KEAN 37 Hydrogeological investigations by surface geoelectrical method in hard rock formation - A case study ABDULLAH TAHERI TIZRO Technical Session II: Petrology & Geochemistry 45 High Ba igneous rocks from the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia and its implication AzMAN A. GHANI, RAMESH, v., YONG, B.T., KHoo, T.T. & SHAFARI MUDA 51 Tren unsur-unsur nadir bumi (REE) Suit Stong, Jeli, Kelantan MOHD ROZI UMOR & HAMZAH MOHAMAD 59 Komposisi unsur surih dan major di sepanjang profilluluhawa syal Formasi Mahang di Sungai Merbok, Kedah HABIBAH HJ lamil & WAN FUAD BIN WAN HASSAN 65 Organic petrological characteristics of Iimnic and paralic coals of Sarawak WAN HASIAH ABDULLAH 71 Kajian geokimia batuan igneus sekitar Gunung Pulai, Johor SIA CHEE CHUAN & MOHD ROZI UMOR 81 EPMA characterisation of ilmenite from amang of the Kinta and Klang Valleys, Peninsular Malaysia G.H. TEH & IRDAWATI HI. LoKMAN Technical Session III: Environmental & Conservation Geology, Tectonics & Structural Geology & Mineral Resources 93 Incorporation of geosciences framework for sustainable development at MSC ROHAYU CHE OMAR, IBRAHIM KOMoo, HALIMATON SAADIAH HASHIM, SARAH AzIZ & lasni Y AAKUB 97 Warisan geologi dan potensi geopelancongan Kepulauan Aman - Gedong, Pulau Pinang IBRAHIM KOMoo & T ANOT UNJAH 103 Shock structures in Peninsular Malaysia: evidence from Kedah and Pahang H.D. TJlA & MAZLAN MOHAMAD ZAIN 111 Type deposits of primary gold mineralization in the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia WAN FUAD WAN HASSAN & HERU SIGIT PURWANTO 117 Late Mesozoic-Early Tertiary Faults of Peninsular Malaysia ZAITON BARUN Technical Section IV: Geoscience Tools & Techniques 123 The occurrence and classification of hard rock body in Putrajaya and its implication to construction activities ABD RASID laapar, NURIL ANWAR AHBA & AzIMAH HUSSIN 129 Penggunaan kaedah pengimejan keberintangan geoelektik dan isotop sekitaran dalam kajian air resapan di empangan Durian Thnggal, Melaka RAHMAN B. Y ACCUP, WAN ZAKARIA B. WAN MUHAMAD TAHIR & MOHD KHALID B. NASIR 135 Geophysical mapping of saltwater intrusion in the Kerpan coastal area, Kedah ABDUL RAHIM SAMSUDIN, BASHILLAH BAHARUDDIN, MASRITA MUSTAPA & SANISAH SOED v

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS 139 Prospecting for iron ore in the Bedong area, Kedah using geophysical techniques c.y. LEE & ABOOUL-FATAH l.h. 145 Penggunaan seismos biasan dalam pencirian tanah tambakan di tapak projek pembinaan Kamsis H UKM, Bangi KHAIRULANUAR MOHO. NAYAN, MOHO. RAIHAN TAHA & SRI ATMAJA PJNN ROSYIDI 149 SOS (slurry or slime)? CHOW WENG SUM & YUNUS ABOUL RAZAK Technical Session V: Sedimentology, Stratigraphy & Paleontology 157 Middle Miocene planktonic foraminifera and their implications in the geology of Sabah BASIR JASIN 163 Early Permian sequence from Sungai Itau quarry, Langkawi: Its age, depositional environment and palaeoclimatic implication MOHO SHAFEEA LEMAN & ASMANIZA YoP 171. Stratigraphy of the Jentik Formation, the transitional sequence from the Setul Limestone to the Kubang Pasu Formation at Guar Sanai, Kampung Guar Jentik, Beseri, Perlis - a preliminary study MEOR HAKIF HAssAN & LEE CHAI PENG 179 Palynomorph assemblage from Keratong, Pahang: its age and emergence of angiospermlike pollen UyoP SAID 185 Palynological study on a rock sequence at Bandar Tenggara, Johor YAP SlEW FONG & Uyop SAID Posters Session A 193 Climate change and chalk aquifer groundwater resources in West Norfolk, UK l. YUSOFF 201 Landskap geologi Kompleks Migmatit Stong Kelantan T ANOT UNJAH, IBRAHIM KOMOO & HAMZAH MOHAMAO 207 Kajian geokimia batuan igneus di sepanjang Jalan Kulai-Simpang Layang-Layang, Kulai, Johor Darnl Takzim ARSHNAH DURRAH BT. HAJI ARSHAD & MOHO ROZI BIN UMOR 217 Geokimia batuan granit di sepanjang jalan dari Kangkar Pulai ke Pekan Nenas, Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim NOR IBTISAM BT. YUNUS & MOHO ROZI UMOR 224 Description of some important textures and paired host-enclave geochemistry of mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) in the Eastern Belt granite, Peninsular Malaysia: preliminary observations AzMAN A GHANI 231 Magmatic epidote: probable absence and implication to the geobarometry of the granitic rocks from Peninsular Malaysia ANUAR ISMAIL & AZMAN A. GHANI 235 Geochemistry of mafic dykes from Perhentian and Redang islands: an example of petrogenesis of the younger (dolerite) dykes from the Eastern Belt of Peninsular Malaysia AZMAN A. GHANI, KHOO T.T. & GRAPES, R. 243 Geochemical characteristics of the granitic rocks from Boundary Range Batholith, Peninsular Malaysia A. RASHID AHMAO, ISMAIL YUSOFF & AZMAN A. GHANI 247 Petrology of dioritic rocks from the Pemanggil Island, Johore MOHO BASRI ISMAIL, MARZUKI ASMURI, AZMAN A. GHANI, MOHO ROZI UMOR & MOHO ANUAR ISMAIL 253 Estimating limestone dissolution rates in the Kinta and Lenggong valleys using the micro erosion meter: a preliminary study Ros FATIHAH MUHAMMAD & YEAP EE BENG vi

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS 257 Mata air panas Sungai Mering, Lojing, Gua Musang, Kelantan KAMAL ROSLAN MOHAMED, CHE AZlz ALI, CHE ABD RAHMAN JAAFAR & AZMI ISMAIL 265 Effect of lime on permeability and microstmcture of soil BABA MusTA, KHAIRUL ANUAR KASSIM & MOHD. RAZMAN SALIM 271 Petrografi dan cirian mekanikal baban aggregat di Kuari UM, Labu, Negeri Sembilan NURUL 'ASHIKIN MOKMIN,AzLIANA AzIS & AZIMAH HusslN Posters Session B 277 Stratigrafi seismos Lembangan Penyu, Laut Cina Selatan LIw YEN CHAI, UMAR HAMZAH, WAN ISMAIL WAN YUSUF & ABDUL RAHIM SAMSUDIN 283 A sedimentological study at Bukit Belah, Batu Pahat, Johor NUR SYAMSIAH ABDUL MAJID & UyOp SAID 287 Plant fossils from Bukit Belah, Batu Pahat, Johor S. NORIZAN Y AACUB & UyOp SAID 293 Sedimentary sequence in the subsurface of the Pekan coastal plain, Pahang CHEAzIZALI 301 Holocene sea level changes in Peninsular Malaysia KAMALUDIN BIN HAsSAN 309 Geological modelling for site characterization using sufficient and insufficient subsurface exploration data: lesson learned from case histories ABD RAslD JAAPAR 315 Survei graviti di Ulu Melaka, Polau Langkawi, Kedah ABDUL RAHIM SAMSUDlN, UMAR HAMZAH & LIM CHENG HAN 319 Teknik-teknik geoelektrik dalam Pemetaan air masin di Kuala Selangor SITI ZALIPAH JUMARY, UMAR HAMZAH, ABDUL RAHIM SAMSUDIN & EDNA PiLlS MALIM 323 Compressibility and Young's modulus of a tided joint under uniaxial compression MOHD FOR MOHD AMIN & HARYATI AWANG 329 Penggunaan teknik gelombang permukaan (SASW) dalam kajian geologi kejuruteraan MOHD AzMI ISMAIL, ABDUL RAHIM SAMSUDlN, KHAIRUL ANUAR MOHD NAYAN & ABDUL GHANI RAFEK' 335 Taburan ketakselanjaran dalam protilluluhawa batuan metasedimen - Kajian kes cemn potongan CH1l540 - CH11700 Lebuhraya Bam Pantai, Kuala Lumpur T AJUL ANUAR JAMALUDDIN 341 Detection of seismic phases from a major earthquake on a local seismogram CHE NOORLIZA LAT 345 Stmktur dan sejarah canggaan batuan di Polau Kapas, Terengganu IBRAHIM ABDULLAH 351 A meaningful correlation between shallow seismic refraction data to borehole data in site investigation work SAMSUDIN BIN H.J T AlB & AHMAD NIZAM HASAN 359 The effect of major faults and folds in hard rock groundwater potential mapping: An example from Langat Basin, Selangor KHAIRUL ANAM MusA, JUHARI MAT AKHIR & IBRAHIM ABDULLAH 363 EPMA characterisation and geochemistry of cassiterites from the Kuala Lumpur area G.H. TEH & CHENG KWONG KIONG 369 EPMA study of heavy minerals in the Annah Rais-Bayur area, Sarawak G.H. TEH & DONNY OSMOND ANAK JULIUS vii

10 Technical Session I ENGINEERING GEOLOGY & HYDROGEOLOGY