16. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF CENOZOIC COOL-WATER CARBONATES, SITES , GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT 1

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1 Hine, A.C., ary, D.A., and Malone, M.J. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Volume DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF CENOZOIC COOL-WATER CARBONATES, SITES , GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT 1 Laurent Emmanuel, 2 Cécile Robin, 3 and Maurice Renard 3 ABSTRACT An intensive geochemical investigation was conducted on carbonate sediments recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 182. Four trace elements in 635 sediment samples from Sites on the Great Australian Bight were examined by atomic absorption spectrometry on the acid-soluble fraction. Downhole profiles of these elements exhibit complicated fluctuations throughout the Eocene to Pleistocene, principally because of the variations in the acid-soluble fraction. The purpose of this study is to present initial results on the geochemical composition of Cenozoic cool-water carbonates as a basis for a future detailed investigation to determine the paleoenvironment of a carbonatedominated continental margin during the evolution of the Southern Ocean. INTRODUCTION This report provides the results of geochemical analyses performed on Eocene to Pleistocene sediments recovered during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 182 at Site 1128, to Pleistocene sediments at Sites 1126, 113, and 1132, and Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments at Sites 1127, 1129, and The main objective of this report is to present geochemical profiles compared to mineralogical and biostratigraphic data. 1 Emmanuel, L., Robin, C., and Renard, M., 2. Data report: Trace element geochemistry of Cenozoic cool-water carbonates, Sites , Great Australian Bight. In Hine, A.C., ary, D.A., and Malone, M.J. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 182, 1 24 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: < publications/182_sr/volume/ CHAPTERS/8.PDF>. [Cited YYYY- MM-DD] 2 UMR 5561-Biogéosciences Dijon, Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences de la Terre, 6 Bd Gabriel, 2 Dijon, France. laurent.emmanuel@u-bourgogne.fr 3 FR24, Laboratoire de Géologie des Bassins Sédimentaires, Université Pierre et Marie, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 5, France. Initial receipt: 3 April 1 Acceptance: 4 September 1 Web publication: 31 January 2 Ms 182SR-8

2 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 2 Site 1128, in 3875 m of water at the toe of the slope, is the most distal of five sites along the western transect drilled into sediments from the upper continental rise of the Eucla margin. Other sites are located on the upper slope and outermost shelf, in m of water for the western transect (Sites 1126, 113, and 1132), and in m of water for the eastern transect (Sites 1127, 1129, and 1131) (Fig. F1), (ary, Hine, Malone, et al., ). F1. Locations of the Leg 182 drill sites, p S SUMMARY OF LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK Eyre Terrace Western transect Eastern transect Western Transect Site km 127 E The sedimentary succession at Site 1128 is composed of calcareous nannofossil ooze interbedded with numerous thin glauconite and planktonic foraminiferal sand calciturbidites, conglomeratic sediment gravity-flow deposits such as debrites and slumps, and a thick section of uniform, green, variably calcareous clay and claystone. Two major biostratigraphic successions were recovered at Site 1128 and dated by calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers as Quaternary ( 55 meters below seafloor [mbsf]) and Eocene Oligocene ( mbsf). Site 1126 Site 1126 is located on the eastern Eyre Terrace upper slope in m of water. This site was designed to intersect Cenozoic seismic Sequences 2, 3, and 4, and Lobes 1 and 3 of Sequence 6A. The sedimentary sequence recovered at Site 1126 is dated by calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers as Quaternary middle Eocene. The sedimentary succession at Site 1126 consists of calcareous ooze with interbeds of silicified layers. Downhole, sediments are composed of alternating calcareous ooze to chalk intervals and silicified pelagic limestones with some planktonic foraminifers and bioclasts with s of sandstones, silty sandstones, clayey siltstones, and minor granule conglomerates. Site 113 Site 113 intersects Neogene cool-water carbonate shelf-edge sequences and the nearshore portion of a Paleocene middle Eocene progradational siliciclastic wedge (seismic Sequences 2, 4, and 6A). The sediments recovered at Site 113 are mainly composed of bioclastic packstone punctuated by unlithified bioclastic mud layers and occasional nannofossil foraminiferal ooze to chalk intervals. The base of the core consists of chert layers interbedded with intervals of white nannofossil planktonic foraminiferal ooze and calcareous sandstone. Calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers indicate a Quaternary Oligocene age. Preliminary results indicate that the upper part of the lower Pliocene is missing (>1 m.y.) and that the major disconformity between upper and Oligocene sediments represents a hiatus of at least 15 m.y.

3 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 3 Site 1132 Site 1132 was located to intersect and characterize Neogene coolwater carbonate shelf-edge sequences and the nearshore portion of a Paleocene middle Eocene progradational siliciclastic wedge (seismic Sequences 2, 3, 4, 6A, and 7). The recovered succession consists of a bryozoan floatstone and rudstone mound complex alternating with bryozoan packstone and bioclastic wackestone, muddy bioclastic sand, and minor mud and sand layers, with an interbedded thin package of foraminiferal ooze. The lowest part of the core is recovered by a bed containing pebbles of siliciclastic sandstone rich in lithic fragments. Calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers indicate that drilling at Site 1132 recovered a thick Quaternary Eocene sequence (~55 m thick) overlying a relatively thin, barren section (~45 m) of unknown age. Calcareous nannofossils from the basal Quaternary uppermost Pliocene unit contain the Braarudosphaera Event previously recorded at Sites 1127, 113, and Site 1127 Eastern Transect Site 1127 was the first and most seaward of a three-site transect through a spectacular set of upper Neogene clinoforms immediately seaward of the present-day shelf edge. Site 1127, located on the upper slope in m of water, intersected an expanded record of the youngest clinoforms as well as the lowest, more condensed portion of the clinoform sequence. At Site 1127, this 51.7-m-thick monotonous succession is dominated by fine-grained wackestones to packstones made up of nannofossil and foraminiferal ooze. Calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers indicate a greatly expanded Quaternary uppermost Pliocene sequence of ~47 m, with a hiatus of ~3 m.y. between basal Quaternary uppermost Pliocene (Zone ) and underlying sediments. Site 1131 Site 1131 was the intermediate site of this transect. It is located on the upper slope in m of water and intersecting a more expanded record of the middle part of the clinoform sequence. The recovered succession consists dominantly of bioclastic packstone, floatstone, and rudstone with sometimes a significant bryozoan component. Below a major unconformity at mbsf that spans ~1 m.y., the sedimentary succession consists of silicified nannofossil ooze beds within bioclastic grainstone containing blackened grains and glauconite. The sedimentary successions at Site 1131 record (1) an expanded Quaternary interval more than 51 m thick underlain by a thin and conformable uppermost Pliocene interval and (2) a middle and lower section lacking hiatuses. Site 1129 Site 1129 was the proximal site of the eastern transect through the upper Neogene clinoforms and is located just seaward of the shelf edge

4 NN18 NN15 NN14-15 e. Plio. NP12 NN11 mixed NN2 m.-e. NP22 NP21 NP 2-19 NP18 no sample NN16 NN15 NN14-15 NN2 NN1 to Plio. Eocene e. Plio. m.-e. Plio. 3 4 NN11 5 mixed NN2 NP22 15 NP21 25 NP2- NP19 NP18 Eocene NP16 3 Plio. NN18 NN2 NN1 to Site 1128 LMC/Quartz (%) NN2 5 5 NN16 Pliocene Site Site 1128 LMC/Quartz (%) Pliocene NN , Site , 2, 3, NN2 NN5- NN4 NN5- NN4 NN1 NN4- NN5 no sample NN2- NN1 NN2 NN16 NN1 NN4- NN5 no samp. NN2- NN middle Site NN b bc 1a 9b 9a NN1 - Site Pliocene middle Site , 2, 3, Site , 2, 3, NN2 NN2 12b 1bc 1a Site NN2 Site Site 113 1, 2, 3, 5 15 NN1-25 9b 3 9a NN1 - NN Site NN NN2 Site , 2, 3, HMC Aragonite LMC Quartz Dolomite HMC Aragonite LMC Quartz Dolomite HMC Aragonite LMC Quartz Dolomite Site , 2, 3, HMC Aragonite LMC Quartz Dolomite L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 4 in 22.5 m of water. It intersects a more expanded record of the oldest part of the clinoform sequence. The top of the succession recovered at Site 1129 consists mainly of unlithified bryozoan floatstone to rudstone and bioclastic packstone to grainstone with abundant bryozoan fragments. The middle part of the core consists of bioclastic packstone and minor grainstone and wackestone with nannofossil chalk intervals. The base of the core consists of dolomitized fine sand sized bioclastic grainstone and chert fragments. As observed at Sites 1127 and 1131, Site 1129 shows (1) an expanded Quaternary section more than 554 m thick that is underlain by a thin and conformable uppermost Pliocene section; (2) a middle lower section; and (3) at 556 mbsf, one unconformity representing ~12 m.y., marked by a bryozoan turbidite overlying indurated sediments and chert layers. F2. Western transect values and carbonate mineralogy, p. 9. WESTERN TRANSECT F3. Eastern transect values and carbonate mineralogy, p. 1. EASTERN TRANSECT ANALYTICAL METHODS Bulk sediment samples (~1 2 cm 3 ) were collected aboard the JOIDES Resolution during Leg 182. Geochemical samples were taken at regular intervals on the basis of core descriptions and visual observations. Approximately one-half of each bulk sample was (1) disaggregated, (2) washed repeatedly in deionized water, and (3) oven dried at 8 C. Bulk powders were subsequently analyzed for carbonate content and trace element content. In preparation for analysis, ~1 g of powdered sample was reacted in a buffered (ph = 5) ~6% acetic acid solution. The buffered acetic acid was chosen to minimize contamination from noncarbonate phases. The insoluble noncarbonate fraction was subsequently removed by filtration and dried overnight in a 8 C oven. The amount of carbonate in each sample was calcud as the difference between the dry weights of the original sample and the filtered, insoluble fraction. After filtration, the leachate was stored in high density polyethylene bottles until analyses. After appropriate dilutions, concentrations of Ca,,,, and in the carbonate fraction of selected samples throughout the cores at Sites were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy using Perkin Elmer 33 and Hitachi Z-8 spectrophotometers. Analytical run precision was within ±5% for these elements. Carbonate mineralogy was determined on carbonate samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Shipboard quantitative XRD analyses were performed on bulk samples to determine the relative percentage of aragonite, low- calcite (LMC), high- calcite (HMC), quartz, and dolomite. All results of carbonate mineralogy can be founded in ary, Hine, Malone, et al. () and are plotted vs. depth in Figures F2, F3, F4, and F5 to compare geochemical and mineralogical data. RESULTS The results of geochemical analyses for the acid-soluble fraction of samples for Sites are listed in Tables T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7, respectively. F4. Western transect values and carbonate mineralogy, p. 11. WESTERN TRANSECT F5. Eastern transect values and carbonate mineralogy, p. 12. EASTERN TRANSECT T1. Geochemical data, Site 1126, p. 17. T2. Geochemical data, Site 1127, p. 18. T3. Geochemical data, Site 1128, p. 2.

5 NN15 NN18 NN14-15 NN11 mixed NN2 NP22 NP21 NP2- NP19 NP18 NP16 Plio. m.-e. Plio. Eocene Site , 2, NN2 5 NN16 Pliocene NN1 middle NN4- NN5 15 no samp. NN2- NN1 25 Site NN b 1bc 1a 9b 3 9a NN Site 113 NN2 NN Site 1132 L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 5 Strontium Trace Element Geochemistry T4. Geochemical data, Site 1129, p. 21. Western Transect Strontium values (Fig. F2) range from to 4 ppm for Sites 1126, 113, and Data display a generally increasing trend in the upper Oligocene to Pleistocene interval. At Site 1126, two main negative shifts are recorded in the middle and upper. A sharp increase in occurs at the base of the Pleistocene and coincides with the appearance of HMC and aragonite at all three sites. Strontium concentration is lower at Site 1128 than at other sites and does not exceed 25 ppm. The sediments at Site 1128 are almost entirely LMC. Eastern Transect This transect (Fig. F3) (Sites 1127, 1131, and 1129) provides higherresolution data in the Pliocene Pleistocene interval. Strontium content also ranges from to 4 ppm. This interval is characterized by rather constant downhole concentrations, and the occurrence of HMC in Zones NN21 NN2 does not influence values for Sites 1131 and T5. Geochemical data, Site 113, p. 22. T6. Geochemical data, Site 1131, p. 23. T7. Geochemical data, Site 1132, p. 24. Magnesium Western Transect Magnesium content (Fig. F4) ranges from 9 to 21, ppm for Sites 113 and Data display generally increasing trends during the Oligocene to Pleistocene interval. At Site 1126, all values are lower than 5, ppm, except within the upper sections of the Pleistocene where values reach 13, ppm and correspond to elevated HMC content (4 5 wt%). Magnesium values at Site 1128 do not exceed 1, ppm and display a complicated downhole profile. Eastern Transect Magnesium values (Fig. F5) are higher than in the western transect and range from 4, to 26, ppm at Site 1127, from 6, to 23, ppm at Site 1131, and from 11, to 27, ppm at Site The Pleistocene interval has rather constant concentrations in sediments that are characterized by LMC mineralogy, but generally show increasing values of when HMC content is greater than 4 5 wt% at lower depths. Manganese Western Transect The Pleistocene interval at Sites 1126, 113, and 1132 displays relatively low concentrations (Fig. F6), ranging from 5 to 4 ppm. Below the Braarudosphaera Event, concentrations exhibit a notable downhole enrichment as high as ppm at Site 113 and 4 ppm at Site 1126 in the lower to upper interval. The same trend also occurs at Site 1128 for the same period, but downcore concentrations show an extensive increase with high-amplitude fluctuations (ranging from to 18, ppm) in the lower Oligocene section. Extreme enrichment in the section spanning mbsf can probably be attributed to manganese oxide phases that are present in the carbonate sediments. F6. Western transect values, p. 13. WESTERN TRANSECT

6 NN15 NN18 NN14-15 mixed NN2 NN11 NP22 Plio. Plio. e. Plio. m.-e. NP21 NP2- NP19 NP18 Eocene NP16 Plio. NN2 NN1 to NN2 NN1 to Site Site 1128 Site NN2 NN16 Pliocene NN1 NN4- NN5 no samp. NN2- NN1 4 middle NN NN Site NN2 NN5- NN Site Site 1131 NN2 12b 1bc 1a 9b 9a NN NN2 Site NN Site Site NN2 NN Site L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 6 Eastern Transect concentrations at Sites 1127, 1129, and 1131 (Fig. F7) generally range between 4 and 15 ppm and are very similar to values of the same age from the western transect. At Site 1127 and below 42 mbsf, concentrations increase to 4 ppm with occasional spikes as high as 7 ppm below the Braarudosphaera Event. Also notable in the profile is the frequent occurrence of peaks, sometimes close to 3 ppm, in the Pleistocene interval of all sites, which can be used as marker beds. Iron Western Transect Iron concentrations are more variable than, and range from 15 to 15 ppm (Fig. F8). In detail, the Pleistocene section is characterized by low concentrations (< ppm) for all four sites. As for profiles, sharp increases occur near the Braarudosphaera Event and might suggest a drastic change in geochemical and/or paleoenvironmental conditions. Eastern Transect The concentration-depth profiles of in Sites 1127, 1129, and 1131 show complex distributions (Fig. F9). The predominant features in the profiles are the downhole decreasing trends (from to 4 ppm at Site 1127 and from 13 to 3 ppm at Site 1129), whereas the Pleistocene section at Site 1131 exhibits a slight increase, reaching a maximum of 23 ppm at 313 mbsf. F7. Eastern transect values, p. 14. EASTERN TRANSECT F8. Western transect values, p. 15. WESTERN TRANSECT F9. Eastern transect values, p. 16. EASTERN TRANSECT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to the Leg 182 Shipboard Scientific party, who shared sampling duties and the helpful technical staff of ODP during Leg 182. Thorough review by Stephen J. Burns improved the manuscript. This research used samples and/or data provided by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). ODP is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and participating countries under management of Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc. Funding for this research was provided by the Institut National des Sciences de l Univers of RS (INSU grant no Programme Océans ).

7 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 7 REFERENCES ary, D.A., Hine, A.C., Malone, M.J., et al.,. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 182 [CD- ROM]. Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX , U.S.A.

8 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 8 Figure F1. Locations of the Leg 182 drill sites in the western Great Australian Bight. 33 S Eyre Western transect Eastern transect Terrace km 127 E

9 Figure F2. Downcore variation of concentration in the acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1126, 1128, 113, and 1132 (western transect), bulk cumulative carbonate mineralogy vs. depth for Sites 1126, 113, and 1132, and low- calcite/quartz ratio vs. depth for Site HMC = highmagnesium calcite, LMC = low-magnesium calcite. (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) NN15 NN14-15 NP12 NN18 NN11 mixed NN2 NP22 NP21 NP 2-19 NP18 no sample NN16 Plio. e. Plio. m.-e. Eocene Site 1128 LMC/Quartz (%) NN2 NN16 NN1 NN4- NN5 no sample NN2- NN1 Pliocene middle WESTERN TRANSECT Site NN2 12b 1bc 1a 9b 9a NN Site NN2 NN1- HMC LMC Quartz Site Aragonite Dolomite L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 9

10 Figure F3. Downcore variation of concentration in the acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1127, 1129, and 1131 (eastern transect) and bulk cumulative carbonate minerology vs. depth. HMC = high-magnesium calcite, LMC = low-magnesium calcite. (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) NN2 NN1 to 3 4 Site Pliocene NN2 NN5- NN4 EASTERN TRANSECT Site NN Site HMC Aragonite LMC Quartz Dolomite L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 1

11 Figure F4. Downcore variation of concentration in the acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1126, 1128, 113, and 1132 (western transect), bulk cumulative carbonate mineralogy vs. depth for Sites 1126, 113, and 1132, and low- calcite/quartz ratio vs. depth for Site HMC = high-magnesium calcite, LMC = low-magnesium calcite. (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) NN15 NN18 NN14-15 NN11 mixed NN2 NP22 NP21 NP2- NP19 NP18 NP16 Plio. e. Plio. m.-e. Eocene Site 1128 LMC/Quartz (%) , NN2 NN16 NN1 NN4- NN5 no samp. NN2- NN1 Pliocene middle WESTERN TRANSECT 5 15 Site , 2, 3, NN b 3 9a NN1-35 Site 113 1, 2, 3, NN2 NN1-12b 25 1bc 1a HMC Aragonite LMC Quartz Dolomite Site , 2, 3, L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 11

12 Figure F5. Downcore variation of concentration in the acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1127, 1129, and 1131 (eastern transect) and bulk cumulative carbonate minerology vs. depth. HMC = high-magnesium calcite, LMC = low-magnesium calcite. (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) Plio. NN2 NN1 to 3 4 Site , 2, 3, NN2 NN5- NN EASTERN TRANSECT Site , 2, 3, NN Site , 2, 3, HMC Aragonite LMC Quartz Dolomite L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 12

13 Figure F6. Downcore variation in concentration in acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1126, 1128, 113, and 1132 (western transect). (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) NN15 NN18 NN14-15 NN11 mixed NN2 NP22 NP21 NP2- NP19 NP18 NP16 Plio. Plio. m.-e. Eocene 1, 2, Site 1128 NN2 NN16 NN1 NN4- NN5 no samp. NN2- NN1 Pliocene middle WESTERN TRANSECT Site 1126 NN NN1-12b 25 1bc 1a 9b 3 9a NN Site 113 NN Site 1132 L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 13

14 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 14 Figure F7. Downcore variation in concentration in acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1127, 1129, and 1131 (eastern transect). (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) EASTERN TRANSECT Site Site Site NN2 NN2 NN Plio NN1 to NN4 6

15 Figure F8. Downcore variation in concentration in acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1126, 1128, 113, and 1132 (western transect). (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) NN15 NN18 NN14-15 NN11 mixed NN2 NP22 NP21 NP2- NP19 NP18 NP16 Plio. e. Plio. m.-e. Eocene Site 1128 NN2 NN16 NN1 NN4- NN5 no samp. NN2- NN1 Pliocene middle WESTERN TRANSECT Site NN2 12b 1bc 1a 9b 9a NN1 - Site NN2 NN Site 1132 L. EMMANUEL ET AL. DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 15

16 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 16 Figure F9. Downcore variation in concentration in acetic acid soluble fraction for Sites 1127, 1129, and 1131 (eastern transect). (This figure is also available in an oversized format.) EASTERN TRANSECT Site Site Site NN2 NN2 NN Plio. NN1 to NN5- NN4 6

17 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 17 Table T1. Geochemical data, Site B- 1H-3, , ,918 2H-3, , ,836 3H-3, , ,855 4H-3, , ,88 5H-3, , ,679 6H-3, , ,453 7H-3, ,25 3 1,734 8H-3, , ,392 9H-3, , ,311 1H-3, , ,4 11H-3, , ,52 14H-3, , ,313 17H-3, , ,136 18H-3, , H-3, , ,41 27X-3, , ,18 28X-3, , ,56 Minimum: , Maximum: , ,918 Average: , ,751

18 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 18 Table T2. Geochemical data, Site (See table note. Continued on next page.) B- 1H-1, , ,89 1H-3, , ,46 2H-1, , ,264 2H-3, ,44 8 2,696 2H-5, ,6 NA 2,739 3H-1, ,91 8 2,882 3H-3, , ,946 3H-5, , ,131 4H-1, , ,47 4H-3, , ,32 4H-5, , ,937 4H-7, , ,851 5H-3, , ,158 5H-5, , ,189 6H-3, , ,43 6H-5, , ,14 7H-1, , ,85 7H-3, , ,882 7H-5, , ,462 8H-1, , ,394 8H-3, , ,535 8H-5, ,13 8 2,987 9H-1, , ,891 9H-3, , ,71 9H-5, , ,24 1H-3, , ,887 1H-5, , ,55 11H-1, , ,729 11H-3, , ,451 11H-5, , ,59 12H-3, , ,922 13H-1, , ,51 13H-3, , ,261 14H-3, , ,16 14H-5, , ,141 15H-1, ,95 8 3,173 15H-3, ,19 9 3,12 15H-5, , ,94 15H-7, , ,895 16H-1, , ,784 16H-3, , ,821 17X-1, , ,15 17X-3, , ,865 17X-5, ,85 1 2,95 18X-1, , ,11 18X-3, , ,5 19X-1, ,94 1 2,984 19X-3, , ,99 2X-1, , ,388 2X-3, , ,6 21X-1, , ,49 21X-3, , ,932 21X-5, , ,93 22X-1, ,95 9 3,178 22X-3, , ,33 22X-5, , ,299 23X-1, , ,275 23X-3, , ,374 23X-5, , ,336 24X-1, , ,865 24X-3, ,2 15 2,315 25X-1, , ,669 25X-3, ,54 2 2,665 25X-5, , ,94 26X-1, , ,46 26X-3, ,29 9 2,965 26X-5, , ,39 27X-1, , ,375 27X-3, , ,947 27X-5, , ,92 28X-1, ,892 NA 3,153 28X-3, , ,827 28X-5, , ,369 29X-1, ,719 NA 3,189 29X-3, ,237 NA 3,187 29X-5, ,611 NA 3,58 29X-7, ,384 NA 3,141 3X-1, ,194 NA 3,111 3X-3, ,857 NA 3,118 3X-5, , ,168 3X-6, , ,997 31X-1, , ,941 31X-3, , ,957 31X-5, , ,224 32X-1, , ,862 32X-3, , ,528 33X-1, ,72 9 2,944 33X-3, , ,73 33X-5, , ,199 34X-1, , ,86 34X-3, , ,567 34X-5, , ,349 35X-1, , ,131 35X-3, , ,13 35X-5, , ,89 36X-1, , ,979 36X-3, , ,916 36X-5, , ,858 36X-6, , ,567 37X-1, , ,224 37X-3, , ,484 37X-5, , ,39 38X-1, , ,846 38X-3, , ,66 38X-5, , ,415 39X-1, , ,899 39X-3, , ,546 39X-5, , ,684 4X-1, , ,318 4X-3, , ,821 4X-5, , ,337 41X-1, , ,397 41X-3, , ,45 41X-5, , ,567 42X-1, , ,223 42X-3, , ,766 42X-5, , ,49 43X-1, , ,184 43X-3, , ,339 43X-5, , ,121 44X-1, , ,551 44X-3, , ,748 44X-5, , ,71 45X-1, , ,563 45X-3, , ,124 45X-5, , ,132 46X-1, , ,663 46X-3, ,31 2 2,152 47X-1, , ,833 47X-3, , ,783 47X-5, , ,93 48X-1, , ,463 48X-3, , ,686 48X-5, , ,516 49X-1, , ,446 49X-3, , ,375 5X-1, ,6 18 1,269

19 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 19 Table T2 (continued). 5X-5, , ,228 51X-1, , ,33 51X-3, , ,13 51X-5, , ,134 52X-1, , X-3, , X-1, , Minimum: , Maximum: , ,567 Average: , ,647 Note: NA = data not available.

20 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 2 Table T3. Geochemical data, Site B- 1H-1, ,682 1H-3, ,845 2H-1, , ,636 2H-3, ,763 2H-5, , ,725 3H-1, ,63 3H-3, , ,18 3H-5, , ,336 4H-1, ,769 4H-3, , ,585 4H-5, ,78 5H-1, , H-3, , ,522 5H-5, , ,44 6H-1, , ,572 6H-3, ,578 6H-5, , H-3, , ,17 8H-5, , ,999 9H-1, , ,76 9H-3, , ,133 9H-5, , ,22 1H-1, , ,146 1H-3, ,528 1,278 2,121 1H-5, NA NA NA NA 11H-1, ,27 6,827 2,151 12H-1, NA NA NA NA 12H-3, ,141 8,973 1,94 12H-5, ,47 12,311 1,926 13H-1, ,5 7,5 2,165 13H-3, ,522 2,48 2,11 13H-5, NA NA NA NA 14H-1, ,525 13,965 2,15 14H-3, ,86 8,153 2,123 14H-5, NA NA NA NA 15H-1, ,446 1,391 1,936 15H-3, ,29 4,989 1,743 Note: NA = data not available. 15H-5, , ,12 16X-1, ,22 5,712 2,13 16X-3, ,813 18,229 1,875 16X-5, ,668 6,113 2,164 17X-1, ,711 3,893 1,933 17X-3, , ,88 18X-1, ,516 1,284 2,113 18X-3, , ,187 19X-1, ,228 3,576 2,148 19X-3, ,893 2,559 1,984 19X-5, ,297 3,798 2,6 2X-1, ,927 8,343 1,895 2X-3, , ,229 2X-5, ,863 6,16 2,35 22X-1, ,3 2,758 1,932 22X-3, , ,193 22X-5, ,968 3,557 1,9 23X-1, , ,99 23X-3, ,993 3,85 1,897 23X-5, ,83 2,961 1,912 24X-1, , ,884 24X-3, ,115 2,493 1,911 24X-5, ,386 4,3 1,94 25X-1, , ,2 25X-3, , ,883 25X-5, ,6 41 1,888 26X-1, ,465 2,652 1,781 26X-3, , ,839 26X-5, , ,8 27X-1, , ,89 27X-3, , ,98 3X-1, , ,751 Minimum: Maximum: ,47 18,229 2,229 Average: ,986 2,774 1,833

21 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 21 Table T4. Geochemical data, Site C- 1H-1, , ,698 1H-3, , ,33 1H-5, , ,8 2H-1, ,347 NA 3,327 2H-3, ,689 NA 3,67 2H-5, , ,993 3H-1, ,62 NA 3,147 3H-3, ,872 NA 3,47 3H-5, , ,951 4H-1, , ,87 4H-3, , ,95 4H-5, , ,795 5H-1, , ,839 5H-3, , ,611 6H-1, ,49 NA 2,724 6H-3, , ,227 6H-5, , ,8 7H-3, ,223 NA 3,18 7H-5, ,64 1 3,384 8H-1, , ,562 8H-3, , ,867 8H-5, , ,997 9H-1, , ,878 9H-3, , ,42 9H-5, , ,946 1H-1, , ,533 1H-5, , ,1 11H-1, , ,8 11H-3, , ,838 11H-5, , ,3 12H-1, , ,732 12H-5, , ,121 13H-1, , ,159 13H-5, , ,893 14H-1, , ,116 14H-3, ,917 NA 3,29 14H-5, ,627 NA 3,347 15H-1, , ,88 15H-3, , ,329 15H-5, ,26 1 2,879 16H-1, , ,5 16H-3, , ,197 16H-5, ,52 8 3,439 17H-1, , ,657 17H-3, , ,598 17H-5, , ,483 18H-1, , ,791 18H-3, ,275 NA 3,413 18H-5, ,744 NA 3,31 19H-1, ,8 8 2,975 19H-3, , ,356 19H-5, , ,458 2H-1, , ,78 2H-3, , ,694 2H-5, , ,796 21H-1, , ,61 Note: NA = data not available. 21H-3, , ,35 22H-1, , ,714 22H-3, , ,651 22H-5, , ,735 23H-1, , ,125 23H-3, , ,766 23H-5, , ,737 25X-1, , ,54 25X-3, , ,692 26X-1, , ,81 26X-3, , ,96 27X-1, , ,726 27X-3, , ,2 27X-5, , ,428 28X-1, , ,463 28X-3, , ,814 28X-5, , ,277 29X-1, ,3 1 3,9 29X-3, , ,845 29X-5, ,43 1 2,798 3X-1, ,8 11 2,63 3X-3, , ,382 3X-5, , ,9 33X-1, ,12 9 3,121 33X-3, , ,176 34X-1, , ,693 34X-3, , ,72 35X-1, , ,722 35X-3, ,64 9 2,859 35X-5, , ,623 36X-1, ,36 9 3,236 36X-3, , ,212 37X-1, , ,331 37X-3, , ,155 37X-5, , ,49 38X-1, , ,741 38X-3, ,95 NA 2,862 39X-1, ,48 9 3,969 39X-3, , ,319 4X-1, , ,715 4X-3, ,47 9 3,99 43X-1, , ,66 46X-1, , ,63 46X-3, , ,38 46X-5, , ,72 48X-1, , , D- 13R-1, , ,984 13R-3, , ,154 13R-5, , ,767 Minimum: ,48 8 1,72 Maximum: , ,277 Average: , ,862

22 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 22 Table T5. Geochemical data, Site A- 1H-1, , ,489 1H-3, , ,476 1H-5, ,46 9 2,658 2H-1, ,38 9 2,645 2H-3, , ,8 2H-5, , ,898 3H-1, , ,747 3H-3, , ,739 4H-1, ,55 9 3,53 4H-3, , ,296 4H-5, ,48 9 3,44 5H-1, ,47 9 3,523 5H-3, , ,222 5H-5, , ,17 6H-1, , ,716 6H-3, , ,914 6H-6, ,75 9 3,3 7H-1, , ,86 7H-3, , ,956 7H-5, , ,244 8H-1, , ,832 8H-3, , ,84 8H-5, , ,967 9H-1, ,4 11 3,62 9H-3, , ,834 9H-5, , ,722 1H-1, , ,759 1H-3, , ,9 1H-5, ,65 8 3,27 11H-1, , ,325 11H-3, , ,1 11H-5, , ,9 12H-1, , ,8 12H-3, , ,76 12H-5, ,1 12 2,777 13H-1, , ,644 13H-3, , ,641 13H-5, ,76 9 3,145 14H-1, , ,227 14H-3, , ,182 14H-5, , ,61 15H-1, , ,94 15H-3, , ,624 15H-5, , ,621 16H-1, ,88 8 3,63 16H-3, , ,964 16H-5, , ,186 17H-1, , ,228 17H-3, , ,74 17H-5, , ,821 18H-1, , ,51 18H-3, , ,818 18H-5, , ,83 19X-1, , ,87 19X-3, , ,53 19X-5, , ,649 2X-1, , ,939 2X-3, , ,656 2X-5, ,7 9 2,529 21X-1, , ,325 21X-3, , ,153 22X-1, ,17 1 2,256 22X-3, , ,65 22X-5, , ,98 23X-1, ,25 2 2,336 23X-3, , ,29 23X-5, , ,339 24X-1, , ,552 24X-3, , ,619 24X-5, , ,829 25X-1, , ,86 25X-3, , ,296 25X-5, , ,518 26X-1, ,53 5, ,879 26X-3, , ,589 27X-1, ,361 5, ,632 27X-3, , ,574 27X-5, ,341 5, ,491 28X-3, ,416 5, ,551 28X-5, , ,67 29X-1, , ,645 29X-3, , ,719 29X-5, , ,657 3X-1, , ,583 3X-3, , ,558 3X-5, , ,494 31X-1, , ,26 31X-3, , ,425 31X-5, , ,329 32X-1, , ,236 32X-3, , ,32 32X-5, , ,375 33X-1, , ,557 33X-3, , ,641 33X-5, , ,628 34X-1, , ,521 34X-3, ,577 34X-5, , ,639 35X-2, ,83 6 1,423 35X-3, , ,578 35X-5, , ,564 Minimum: ,236 Maximum: ,416 18, ,523 Average: , ,378

23 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 23 Table T6. Geochemical data, Site A- 1H-1, , ,277 2H-1, , ,217 2H-3, , ,786 2H-5, , ,547 3H-1, , ,596 3H-3, , ,234 3H-5, , ,433 4H-1, , ,331 4H-3, ,96 9 2,446 4H-5, , ,522 5H-1, , ,22 5H-3, , ,387 5H-5, , ,255 6H-1, , ,13 6H-3, , ,25 6H-5, , ,978 7H-1, , ,313 7H-3, , ,283 7H-5, , ,343 8X-1, , ,41 8X-3, , ,26 8X-5, , ,314 9X-1, , ,289 9X-3, ,88 1 2,798 1X-1, , ,172 1X-3, , ,239 1X-5, ,91 1 2,64 11X-1, , ,17 11X-3, , ,13 11X-5, , ,556 12X-1, , ,467 12X-3, ,81 1 2,528 12X-5, , ,729 13X-1, , ,475 13X-3, , ,687 13X-5, , ,563 14X-1, , ,381 14X-3, , ,51 14X-5, , ,934 15X-1, , ,937 15X-3, , ,973 15X-5, , ,353 16X-1, , ,23 16X-3, , ,228 16X-5, , ,357 17X-1, , ,271 17X-3, , ,183 17X-5, , ,296 18X-1, , ,481 18X-3, , ,39 19X-1, ,84 8 2,368 19X-3, , ,535 19X-5, , ,576 2X-1, , ,688 2X-3, , ,364 2X-5, , ,325 21X-1, , ,396 21X-3, , ,516 21X-5, , ,537 22X-1, ,11 1 2,626 22X-3, , ,79 23X-1, , ,43 23X-3, , ,162 24X-1, , ,162 24X-3, , ,672 24X-5, , ,635 25X-1, , ,642 25X-3, ,2 14 2,441 26X-1, , ,93 26X-3, , ,491 26X-5, , ,463 27X-1, , ,9 27X-3, , ,849 28X-1, , ,219 28X-3, , ,636 28X-5, , ,955 3X-1, , ,212 31X-1, , ,883 31X-3, , ,829 31X-5, , ,846 32X-1, , ,524 32X-3, , ,331 33X-1, ,71 1 3,22 33X-3, , ,945 33X-5, , ,61 34X-1, , ,18 34X-3, , ,4 34X-5, , ,423 35X-1, , ,858 35X-3, , ,849 36X-1, , ,818 36X-3, , ,378 37X-1, , ,19 37X-3, , ,974 38X-1, , ,349 38X-3, , ,549 38X-5, , ,93 39X-1, , ,32 4X-1, , ,825 4X-3, , ,283 41X-1, , ,395 41X-3, , ,239 42X-1, , ,349 42X-3, , ,37 43X-1, , ,138 43X-3, , ,252 45X-1, , ,972 45X-3, , ,599 45X-5, , ,561 47X-1, , ,124 47X-3, , ,849 48X-1, , ,2 48X-3, , ,929 49X-1, , ,714 49X-3, , ,658 49X-5, , ,434 5X-1, , ,615 5X-3, , ,617 5X-5, , ,798 51X-1, , ,52 51X-3, , ,69 53X-1, , ,477 53X-3, , ,76 53X-5, , ,674 54X-1, , ,786 54X-3, , ,325 54X-5, , ,468 55X-1, , ,339 55X-3, ,91 2 4,96 56X-1, , ,631 58X-1, , ,761 Minimum: ,47 8 1,468 Maximum: , ,138 Average: , ,559

24 DATA REPORT: TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 24 Table T7. Geochemical data, Site B- 1H-1, ,55 6 2,776 1H-3, , ,71 2H-1, , ,73 2H-3, ,14 6 3,268 2H-5, , ,29 3H-1, , ,911 3H-3, , ,93 3H-5, , ,933 4H-1, , ,126 4H-3, , ,522 4H-5, , ,946 5H-3, ,69 6 3,93 5H-5, , ,824 6H-1, ,47 7 3,541 6H-3, , ,58 6H-5, , ,741 7H-1, ,7 8 2,741 7H-3, , ,375 7H-5, , ,317 8H-1, ,82 9 3,84 8H-3, , ,138 8H-5, , ,916 9H-1, ,95 6 2,621 9H-3, , ,882 9H-5, , ,317 1H-3, , ,736 1H-5, , ,265 11H-3, ,9 8 2,917 11H-5, , ,633 12H-1, , , 12H-3, , ,151 12H-5, ,73 8 3,95 13H-1, , ,556 13H-3, , ,79 13H-5, , ,558 14H-1, , ,267 14H-3, , ,893 14H-5, , ,96 15H-1, , ,678 15H-3, , ,274 15H-5, , ,217 16H-1, , ,543 16H-3, , ,859 16H-5, , ,825 17H-1, ,18 1 2,495 17H-3, ,68 4 2,83 17H-5, , ,386 18H-1, , ,958 18H-3, , ,689 18H-5, ,47 7 1,665 19X-1, , ,875 21X-1, ,91 1 1,335 21X-3, , ,848 22X-1, , ,276 22X-3, , ,54 22X-5, , ,616 23X-1, , ,312 23X-3, , ,81 23X-5, , ,491 24X-1, , ,212 24X-3, , ,386 24X-5, , ,673 25X-1, , ,675 26X-1, , ,369 26X-3, , ,571 26X-5, ,76 6 1,827 27X-1, , ,48 28X-1, , ,95 Minimum: , ,95 Maximum: , ,859 Average: , ,94