Affendi, Yang Amri. (unpublished). Preliminary report of the reef check on Pulau Pangkor December 2002 (pp. 1-10).

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1 6.0 REFERENCES Affendi, Yang Amri. (unpublished). Preliminary report of the reef check on Pulau Pangkor December 2002 (pp. 1-10). Affendi, Yang Amri. (2005). Coral reefs of North East Pulau Langkawi. Malaysian Journal of Science, 24, Affendi, Yang Amri. (2007). Coral reef section of Pulau Jarak and Pulau Perak. Gems in the Straits of Malacca. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Universiti Malaya Maritime Research Centre, University Malaya, Malaysia. Affendi, Yang Amri, Badrul Huzaimi, T., Yong, Ai Lin, & Kee Alfian, Abdul Adzis. (2008). Corals of Pulau Perak: After 46 years of Scientific Solitude. Malaysian Journal of Science, 27(3), Affendi, Yang Amri, Tajuddin, B. H., Kee Alfian, A A, & Lee, Y. L. (2005). Post- Tsunami Impact Assessment on corals of Pulau Perak, Malaysia. International Conference on Innovations and Technologies in Oceanography for Sustainable Development (ITOS 2005). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Affendi, Yang Amri, Tajuddin, B. H., Yong, A L, Kee Alfian, A A, & Lee, Y. L. (2005). Status of coral reefs of Pulau Jarak and Pulau Perak in the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia. The International Conference on Innovations and Technologies in Oceanography for Sustainable Development (ITOS 2005). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Affendi, Yang Amri, & Tajuddin, B. H. (2006). Conserving a unique coral island (Pulau Perak) in the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia. The Marine Science & Technology in Asia Conference by The Pacific Congress of Marine Science & Technology (PACON 2006). Yangon, Burma. Ayling, A. M. (1981). The Role of Biological Disturbance in Temperate Subtidal Encrusting Communities. Ecology, 62(3), Bak, Rolf P. M., Nieuwland, G., & Meesters, Erik H. (2005). Coral reef crisis in deep and shallow reefs: 30 years of constancy and change in reefs of Curacao and Bonaire. Coral Reefs, 24(3), Barnes, D J, & Chalker, B. E. (1990). Calcification and photosynthesis in reef-building corals and algae. In Z. Dubinsky (Ed.), Ecosystems of the world (Vol. 25, pp ). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. Baynes, T. W. (1999). Factors structuring a subtidal encrusting community in the southern Gulf of California. Bulletin of Marine Science, 64(3), Bergman, K. C., Öhman, M. C., & Svensson, S. (2000). Influence of habitat structure on Pomacentrus sulfureus, a western Indian Ocean reef fish. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 59,

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3 Crabbe, M. J. C., & Smith, D. J. (2003). Computer modelling and estimation of recruitment patterns of non- branching coral colonies at three sites in the Wakatobi Marine Park, S. E. Sulawesi, Indonesia ; implications for coral reef conservation. Computational Biology and Chemistry, 27, Dennison, W. C., & Barnes, David J. (1988). Effect of water motion on coral photosynthesis and calcification. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 115, Done, T. J. (1983). Coral Zonation: its nature and significance. In D J Barnes (Ed.), Perspective on coral reefs (pp ). Manuka: Brian Clouston. Dorenbosch, M., Verberk, W., Nagelkerken, I., & van Der Velde, G. (2007). Influence of habitat configuration on connectivity between fish assemblages of Caribbean seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 334, Dustan, P. (1982). Depth-dependent photoadaption by zooxanthellae of the reef coral Montastrea annularis. Marine Biology, 68(3), Edgar, G. (1999). Effects of the declaration of marine reserves on Tasmanian reef fishes, invertebrates and plants. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 242(1), Edinger, E. N., & Risk, M. J. (2000). Reef classification by coral morphology predicts coral reef conservation value. Biological Conservation, 92(1), Edmunds, P. J., Leichter, J J, & Adjeroud, M. (2010). Landscape-scale variation in coral recruitment in Moorea, French Polynesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 414, English, S., Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. (1997). Survey manual for tropical marine resources. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science (2nd ed., Vol. 390, p. 390). Townsville, Australia: Australian Institute of Marine Science. Falkowski, P. G., Jokiel, P L, & Kinzie, R. A. (1990). Irradiance and corals. In Z. Dubinsky (Ed.), Ecosystems of the world (Vol. 25, pp ). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. Ferrier-Pagès, C., Gattuso, J -P, & Jaubert, J. (1999). Effect of small variations in salinity on the rates of photosynthesis and respiration of the zooxanthellate coral Stylophora pistillata. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 181, Frade, P. R., Bongaerts, P., Winkelhagen, A. J. S., Tonk, L., & Bak, R P M. (2008). In situ photobiology of corals over large depth ranges : A multivariate analysis on the roles of environment, host, and algal symbiont. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(6), Frade, P. R., De Jongh, F., Vermeulen, F., van Bleijswijk, J., & Bak, R P M. (2008). Variation in symbiont distribution between closely related coral species over large depth ranges. Molecular ecology, 17,

4 Fricke, H. W., & Knauer, B. (1986). Diversity and spatial pattern of coral communities in the Red Sea upper twilight zone. Oecologia, 71, Fricke, H., & Meischner, D. (1985). Depth limits of Bermudan scleractinian corals: a submersible survey. Marine Biology, 88, Garpe, K. C., & Öhman, M. C. (2003). Coral and fish distribution patterns in Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania : fish habitat interactions. Hydrobiologia, 498, Gattuso, J. P. (1985). Features of depth effects on Stylophora pistillata, a hermatypic coral in the Gulf of Aqaba (Jordan, Red Sea). Proc 5th Int Coral Reef Cong Vol 6 (pp ). Tahiti. Gattuso, J.-P., Gentili, B., Duarte, C. M., Kleypas, J. A., Middelburg, J. J., & Antoine, D. (2006). Light availability in the coastal ocean: impact on the distribution of benthic photosynthetic organisms and their contribution to primary production. Biogeosciences, 3, Gili, J.-M., & Coma, R. (1998). Benthic suspension feeders: their paramount role in littoral marine food webs. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 13(8), Glynn, P. W. (1977). Coral growth in upwelling and non-upwelling areas off the Pacific coast of Panama. Journal of Marine Research, 35, Goh, A. H., & Sasekumar, A. (1981). The community structure of the fringing coral reef, Cape Rachado, Malaya. Atoll Research Bulletin, 244, Gopinadha-Pillai, C. S., & Scheer, G. (1974). On a collection of scleractinia from the Strait of Malacca. Proceedings of the 2nd International Coral Reef Symposium (pp ). Brisbane, Australia. Goreau, T. F., & Wells, J. W. (1967). The shallow-water scleractinia of Jamaica: revised list of species and their vertical distribution range. Bulletin of Marine Science, 17, Graus, R. R., & Macintyre, I. G. (1982). Variation in growth forms of the reef coral Montastrea annularis (Ellis and Solander): a quantitative evaluation of growth response to light distrib- ution using computer simulation. In K. Rützlere & I. G. Macintyre (Eds.), The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize (pp ). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. Grigg, R. W. (2006). Depth limit for reef building corals in the Au au Channel, S.E. Hawaii. Coral Reefs, 25, Grime, J. P. (1977). Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. The American Naturalist, 111(982), Gérard, K., Roby, C., Chevalier, N., Thomassin, B., Chenuil, A., & Féral, J.-P. (2008). Assessment of three mitochondrial loci variability for the crown-of-thorns starfish: 73

5 A first insight into Acanthaster phylogeography. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331(2), Harborne, A., Fenner, D., Barnes, A., Beger, M., Harding, S., & Roxburgh, T. (2000). Status Report on the Coral Reefs of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Report for the Department of Marine Parks, Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, Malaysia. London, SW19 2JG, UK: Coral Cay Conservation Ltd. Hidaka, M. (1988). Surface structure of skeletons of the coral Galaxea fascicularis formed under different light conditions. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp Vol 3 (pp ). Hodgson, G., & Liebeler, J. (2002). The global coral reef crisis: trends and solutions (p. 80). Pacific Palisades, California: Reef Check Foundation. Hodgson, G., Hill, J., Kiene, W., Maun, L., Mihaly, J., Liebeler, J., Shuman, C., et al. (2006). Reef Check Instruction Manual: A Guide to Reef Check Coral Reef Monitoring (2006th ed., pp. 1-95). Pacific Palisades, California: Reef Check Foundation. Igleasias-Prieto, R., & Trench, R. K. (1997). Photoadaptation, photoacclimation and niche diversification in invertebrate-dinoflagellate symbioses. Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Sym, 2, Ilan, M., & Beer, S. (1999). A new technique for non-intrusive in situ measurements of symbiotic photosynthesis. Coral Reefs, 18, 74. Jackson, J B C. (1983). Biological determinants of present and past sessile animal distributions. In M. J. S. Tevez & P. L. McCall (Eds.), Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities (pp ). New York: Plenum Press. Jackson, J B C, & Winston, J E. (1982). Ecology of cryptic coral reef communities. I. Distribution and abubndance of major groups of encrusting organisms. J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., 57, James, N. P., & Ginsburg, R. N. (1979). The seaward margin of Belize barrier and atoll reefs : Morphology, sedimentology, organism distribution, and late quaternary history (Volume 3). English (p. 191). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. Jarrett, B., Hine, A. C., Halley, R. B., Naar, D. F., Locker, S. D., Neumann, A. C., Twichell, D., et al. (2005). Strange bedfellows - a deep-water hermatypic coral reef superimposed on a drowned barrier island; southern Pulley Ridge, SW Florida platform margin. Marine Geology, 214, Jerlov, N. G. (1976). Marine optics. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 14. (p. 231). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Scientific. Jokiel, P L. (1986). Reef coral energetics: examples of some simple predictive models relating light and photosynthesis. 2nd Int Symp Indo Pac Mar Biol, Western Society of Naturalists (p. 41:637). Guam: University of Guam. 74

6 Jokiel, Paul L. (1978). Effects of water motion on reef corals. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 35, Jonsson, D. (2003). An inventory of coral reefs in Langkawi Archipelago, Malaysia Assessment and impact study of sedimentation. Tropical Ecology. Uppsala University, Sweden March. Kaandorp, J. A. (1999). Morphological analysis of growth forms of branching marine sessile organisms along environmental gradients. Marine Biology, (134), Kahng, S. E., & Kelley, C. D. (2007). Vertical zonation of megabenthic taxa on a deep photosynthetic reef ( m) in the Au au Channel, Hawaii. Coral Reefs, 26, Kee Alfian, A A, Wong, W. S., Badrul Huzaimi, T., & Affendi, Yang Amri. (2005). Macroinvertebrate diversity of Kg Tekek, Pulau Tioman Marine Park. In A. R. Sahibin (Ed.), Proceedings of Second Regional Symposium on Environment and Natural Resources, Vol:2 (pp ). Kuala Lumpur: UKM. Kirk, J. T. O. (1994). Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. London, UK: Cambridge University Press. Kühlmann, D. H. H. (1983). Composition and ecology of deep-water coral associations. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 36, Lau, C. M., Affendi, Yang Amri, & Chong, V. C. (2009). Effect of Jetty Pillar Orientation on Scleractinian Corals. Malaysian Journal of Science, 28(2), Lee, W. S., Chong, G., & Mohd Pauzi, A. (2000). An acoustic approach to resource mapping of Pulau Payar s coral reef. Fisheries (Bethesda) (pp. 1-18). Chennal, India. Lee, Y. L., Affendi, Yang Amri, Tajuddin, B. H., Yusuf, Y. B., Kee Alfian, A A, & Anuar, E. A. (2005). A Post-Tsunami Assessment of Coastal Living Resources of Langkawi Archipelago, Peninsular Malaysia. NAGA, Worldfish Center Newsletter, 28(1), Lehnert, H., & Fischer, H. (1999). Distribution patterns of sponges and corals down to 107m off north Jamaica. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, Leichter, J J, & Genovese, S. J. (2006). Intermittent upwelling and subsidized growth of the scleractinian coral Madarcis mirabilis on the deep fore-reef slope of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 316, Leichter, James J, Shellenbarger, G., Genovese, S. J., & Wing, S. R. (1998). Breaking internal waves on a Florida (USA) coral reef: a plankton pump at work? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 166, Leichter, James J., Helmuth, B., & Fischer, A. M. (2006). Variation beneath the surface: Quantifying complex thermal environments on coral reefs in the Caribbean, Bahamas and Florida. Journal of Marine Research, 64,

7 Lesser, M. P., Mazel, C., Phinney, D., & Yentsch, C. S. (2000). Light absorption and utilization by colonies of the congeneric Hermatypic corals Montastraea faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa. Limnology and Oceanography, 45(1), Lesser, M. P., Slattery, M., Stat, M., Ojimi, M., Gates, R. D., & Grottoli, A. (2010). Photoacclimatization by the coral Montastraea cavernosa in the mesophotic zone: light, food, and genetics. Ecology, 91(4), Liddell, W. D., Avery, W. E., & Ohlhorst, S. L. (1997). Patterns of benthic community structure, m, the Bahamas. Proceedings of the Eighth International Coral Reef Symposium Vol 1 (pp ). Lim, L. C. (1998). Carrying capacity assessment of Pulau Payar Marine Park, Malaysia. Assessment (pp ). Madras, india. Lipa, B., Bourg, J., Isaacson, J., Barrick, D., & Pederson, L. (2005). Seasonde detection of tsunami waves. Loya, Y. (1990). Changes in a Red Sea coral community structure: a long-term case history study. In G. M. Woodwell (Ed.), The Earth in Transition: Patterns and Processes of Biotic Impoverishment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Maida, M., Coll, J. C., & Sammarco, P. W. (1994). Shedding new light on scleractinian coral recruitment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 180, Mass, T., Einbinder, S., Brokovich, E., Shashar, N., Vargo, R., Erez, J., & Dubinsky, Z. (2007). Photoacclimation of Stylophora pistillata to light extremes: metabolism and calcification. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 334, McClanahan, T. R., Maina, J., Moothien-Pillay, R., & Baker, A. C. (2005). Effects of geography, taxa, water flow, and temperature variation on coral bleaching intensity in Mauritius. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 298, Meesters, E H, & Bak, R P M. (1993). Effects of coral bleaching on tissue regeneration potential and colony survival. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 96, Meesters, E H, Bak, R P M, Westmacott, S., Ridgley, M., & Dollar, S. (1998). A fuzzylogic model to predict coral reef development under nutrient and sediment stress. Conserv Biol, (12), Menza, C., Kendall, M., & Hile, S. (2008). The deeper we go the less we know. International Journal of Tropical Biology, 56 (Supplement), Mohamed Pauzi, A., & Mohd Najib, R. (2002). Coral Reef Survey of Pulau Mentagor, Pulau Giam and Pulau Sembilan Group of Islands (p. 1). Mundy, C. N., & Babcock, R. C. (1998). Role of light intensity and spectral quality in coral settlement: Implications for depth-dependent settlement? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 223,

8 Najib, R., Azahari, A., & Khalil, K. (2002). Marine Parks Malaysia: Current status and prospect of marine protected areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Proceedings of IUCN/WCPA-EA-4 Taipei Conference (pp ). Taipei, taiwan. Ridzwan, A. R. (1994). Status of coral reefs in Malaysia. In Clive Wilkinson, Suraphol Sudara, & Loke Ming Chou (Eds.), Third Asean-Australia symposium on living coastal resources Volume 1: Status Reviews (pp ). Bangkok: Australian Institute of Marine Science. Riegl, B., & Piller, W. E. (2003). Possible refugia for reefs in times of environmental stress. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 92, Riegl, Bernhard, & Piller, Werner E. (1997). Distribution and environmental control of coral assemblages in northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt). FACIES, 36, Rojas, J. P. S. (2010). Reef front heterogeneity analysis and coral genera diversity pattern in the Bunaken National Park, Indonesia. Enschede, The Netherlands. Romaine, S., Tambutté, E., Allemand, D., & Gattuso, J.-P. (1997). Photosynthesis, respiration and calcification of a zooxanthellate scleractinian coral under submerged and exposed conditions. Marine Biology, 129(1), Rosenzweig, M. L. (1995). Species Diversity in Space and Time. New York: Cambridge University Press. Sampayo, E. M., Franceschinis, L., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., & Dove, S. (2007). Niche partitioning of closely related symbiotic dinoflagellates. Molecular ecology, 16, Schlager, W. (1981). The paradox of drowned reefs and carbonate platforms. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 92(Part 1), Schlichter, D., Fricke, H W, & Weber, W. (1986). Light harvesting by wavelength transformation in a symbiotic coral of the Red Sea twilight zone. Marine Biology, 91, Sorokin, Y. I. (1993). Coral reef ecology (p. 465). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Tan, C. K., Ishizaka, J., Matsumura, S., Md Yusoff, F., & Hj Mohamed, M. I. (2006). Seasonal variability of SeaWiFS chlorophyll a in the Malacca Straits in relation to Asian monsoon. Continental Shelf Research, 26, Todd, P. A. (2008). Morphological plasticity in scleractinian corals. Biological Reviews, 83, Tun, K., Yusuf, Y., & Affendi, Yang Amri. (2006). Post-tsunami status of coral reefs in Malaysia. In C. Wilkinson, D. Souter, & J. Goldberg (Eds.), Status of Coral Reefs in Tsunami Affected Countries: 2005 (pp ). Townsville, Queensland: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network & Australian Institute of Marine Science. 77

9 Vermeij, M. J. A., & Bak, R P M. (2002). How are coral populations structured by light? Marine light regimes and the distribution of Madracis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 233, Veron, J. E. N. (1995). Corals in space and time: The biogeography and evolution of the Scleractinia (p. 321). Sydney, New South Wales: University of New South Wales Press. Veron, J. E. N., & Stafford-Smith, M. (2000). Corals of the World; Volumes 1-3 (p. 1382). Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science. Wiens, J. A., & Rotenberry, J. T. (1981). Habitat Associations and Community Structure of Birds in Shrubsteppe Environments. Ecological Monographs, 51(1), Winston, Judith E, & Jackson, Jeremy B C. (1984). Ecology of cryptic coral reef communities. IV. Community development and life histories of encrusting cheilostome bryozoa. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 76(1), Witman, J. D. (1992). Physical Disturbance and Community Structure of Exposed and Protected Reefs : A Case Study from St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands. American Zoologist, 32(6), Witman, J. D., & Smith, F. (2003). Rapid community change at a tropical upwelling site in the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, Wyman, K. D., Dubinsky, Z., Porter, J. W., & Falkowski, P. G. (1987). Light absorption and utilization among hermatypic corals: a study in Jamaica, West Indies. Marine Biology, 96, Yamashiro, H., & Nishihira, M. (1995). Phototaxis in Fungiidae corals (Scleractinia). Marine Biology, 124, Yusuf, Y., Affendi, Y A, & Tajuddin, B. H. (2005). A Preliminary study of coral reef fish of Pulau Perak, Northern Straits of Malacca. The International Conference on Innovations and Technologies in Oceanography for Sustainable Development (ITOS 2005). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Yusuf, Y., Affendi, Y A, Tajuddin, B. H., & Kee Alfian, A A. (2007). Coral Reef Fishes of Pulau Perak, Westernmost Island of Peninsular Malaysia. In A. J. Mydin, A. R. Gor Yaman, R. Omar, N. Ahmad, G. Usop, K. R. Mohamed, & F. K. Sahrani (Eds.), Proceedings of the Conference on Marine Ecosystem of Malaysia (pp ). Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan: Department of Marine Park Malaysia. 78

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