Mineralogical Anomalies in Sands: Implications for Vertebrate Ichnology
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1 Mineralogical Anomalies in Sands: Implications for Vertebrate Ichnology
2 Recent Tracks in HMCs Curonian Lagoon, Lithuania Baltic Sea 20 km mustelid (mink?) Lithuania Russia suid (wild boar) canid (red fox) afternoon poster
3 Tracks in Aeolian Sands cross-sectional view Nida foredune +H2O +HMC +frost Parnidis Dune??
4 Probable Undertrack in Cross-Section (Curonian Spit - dune slipfaces ~1,100 yr BP) slip dune migration fac e s
5 Probable Undertrack in Cross-Section (Curonian Spit - dune slipfaces ~1,100 yr BP)
6 Loading and extrusion of lagoonal muds extruded muds lagoon lagoon Lnagra Formation, (Upper Devonian) central Australia from Mountney (2006) after Collinson (1994)
7 Mid-Holocene Fish Remains new exposure (2007/2008) old exposure 5,590-5,460 cal BP lagoon (Buynevich et al, 2010)
8 Dreissena polymorpha: a Black Sea native, but how recent a Baltic denizen? Aldona Damušytė Lithuanian Geological Survey Ilya Buynevich* Temple University, USA Albertas Bitinas Lithuanian Geological Survey Jonas Mažeika Institute of Geology and Geography, Lithuania Sergej Olenin Coastal Research & Planning Institute, Klaipėda University Rimantas Petrošius Institute of Geology and Geography, Lithuania (Buynevich et al, 2011)
9 Historic Migration Holocene Modern Orlova et al. (1998) after Starobogatov (1994) Canals (after Olenin et al., 1999; A. Karataev, and others) Oginskiy (Dnieper-Neman) Dnieper-Bug Dnieper-West Dvina
10 Examples of earlier species introduction ybp Mya arenaria Cardium edule Petersen et al. (1992)
11 D. polymorpha uppermost horizons lagoon AMS age: 1,260±30 14C ybp
12 Age distribution (14C ybp) of three fossil and bulk modern species C ybp 0 A.D map 14 Curonian Lagoon borehole No. 6 0 Vistula Spit outcrop Unio2 sp. 3 Viviparus sp. 4 Curonian Spit Curonian Spit outcrop 1 D. polymorpha Vistula Spit Little Ice Age Medieval Warm Period Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania) modern samples >700 yr range Vistula Lagoon (Kadyny, Poland) red - AMS dates (WHOI) green - bulk dates (Vilnius)
13 Hypothesis 1: Abnormally Large Reservoir Effect Pros: - old ( ka) bulk dates modern specimens - samples of three species from two lagoons Cons: - AMS outcrop dates are younger than bulk modern - at least one near-modern AMS date - range of dates >700 years - similar dates for Vistula and Curonian Spits - admixture of old shells in original bulk samples?
14 Hypothesis 2: Earlier Introduction (pre-1800) A.D map Natural proximity of Pontic - Baltic river headwaters 100 km
15 Viking Voyages Baltic-Black-Caspian Seas Ukrainian Naval Museum, Balaklava
16 Lithuanian Territory in AD
17 Geoarchaeology: Human-Landscape Interaction Early settlements (~4.5 ka) Vital strategic route Important postal road Fishing communities Amber extraction
18 Sand Invasion (14-19th centuries) 14 settlements buried by migrating dunes Neolithic site (~4.5 ka BP) GPR transect (segment shown below) Buried settlements ( Modern towns relocation) Baltic Sea Curonian Lagoon Old Karvaičių II ( ) 1 km North Advancing dunes(16-18th century) Neringa
19 Point-Source Reflections buried objects buried objects control unit 200 MHz antenna λ buried object travel time
20 Buried Old Church Juodkrantė 886 fence pole 892 dune tree power station manhole 888 shed / 893 Profile Total Depth: m Old Church manhole buried object (60-80 cm depth) 885 5m Evangelical Lutheran Church North
21 Structures Buried by Aeolian Sands Karvaičių 0 tree root dune migration Curonian Spit ground surface hyperbolics 7m buried utilities water table buried structures? m 200 MHz
22 Summary 1. Revised chronology of dune activity: - Three active phases during ka - Massive reactivation/bypassing during the Little Ice Age (LIA) - OSL dates suggest short phases of regional activity - HMCs: stratigraphic markers, paleo-wind intensity 2. Paleoecological Insights - Potential preservation of animal traces (role of HMCs) - Possible human-mediated transport of D. polymorpha - New lagoonal marl outcrops: sources of vertebrate remains 3. Geoarchaeology - Human-induced changes: pre-2.0 ka (?), ka (+LIA) - Point-source GPR reflections: mapping of buried sites
23 Ačiū Acknowledgments -Ocean & Climate Change Institute (WHOI) - National Geographic Society - Curonian Spit National Park - Anton Symonovich Thank you
24 Optically-Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dating Age = Paleodose / Dose rate OSL Signal intensity Age (ka) = DE (Gy)/DR (Gy/ka) Age range: 200,000 years to present Quartz / Feldspar grains Outcrops and trenches (above water table) Light-Proof Cores (below water table) Risø automated TL/OSL reader Sources: USGS; K. Keeper; University of Illinois-Chicago
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