REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION

Transcription

1 REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION Vol.19 No.5 Oct.2004, (, ) :,, ( ),, ( ), ; : ; ; Kalman ; : TP 79 : A : (2004) ,, (4DDA, Four Dimension Data Assimilation ),, 1 4,, 20, (4DDA ), 4DDA 4DDA, ( ) 4DDA, 4DDA 20 70, 4DDA 4DDA DDA (NECP ) 4DDA 4DDA (LDAS, Land Assimilation Data System ), 1995, :,, 5 20, (NASA, GSFC ) (NOAA, NCEP ), 21,, : ; : : ( ) (CACX ) : (1979- ),,,

2 5 : ,,, 23 2, ; ; ;, : ( ) ; ;, ;,, ;, ( 1) ,,, 5 ( ),,, BATS, SSiB CLM,,, 24 26,,, ;,, 2. 2 Kalman Kalman (1) Gandin 1963,, 4 (2) Talagrand 1986,, : ( ),,,, Lagrange,,,, Lagrange, 1,2,4, (3) Kalman 1960, Kalman 27 Kalman

3 19 624,,,, (4) Kalman Kalman Monte 2Carlo ( ) Evensen (1994 ) Epstein, ( N ),, ( ) 28 Kalman Kalman (5) 1982 Kirkpatrick 29, Monte Carlo, S i, T T, S S, E, exp ( E gt ) S.,,, 0 : S 0, T, Beta ; S, E = E (S 0) E (S ) ; E >0, S,, exp (- E gt ) S ; T, ; T = Beta T ;,,, 6,7 Pathmathevan 8,9, 2. 3 NASA (EOS ),,,,,, :, NOAA AVHRR Terra MODIS, NDVI LAI FPAR, ;,,,,, (LAI ),, (NLDAS ) (GLDAS ) 1998, (, ), (NASA, GSFC ) (NOAA, NCEP ),NLDAS 1g8 1g8, 1 h; GLDAS 1g4 1g4, 3 h 21 NLDAS GLDAS : LSM ; ; ; LDAS 4DDA ; ( ) ; ( ) ; 21

4 5 : 724 ( ) : NCEP NASA ; Mosaic VIC NOAH Sacramento 4 ; ; Geostationary IR, SSM gi, TRMM ; Kalman Kalman ;, ( 2) 21 ( ) ELDAS 1g5 1g5, ,40 : (ECMWF, European Centre for Medium 2Range Weather Forecasts ), (NWP ) METEOSAT,METEOSAT gmsg, gmsg (Tessel,LM ), ( ISBA) (SWAPS ) ; METEOSAT gmsg, ; Kalman ;,, 22 ( 3) 2 ( ) NLDAS NLDAS Cosgrove 31 NLDAS 4, Lohmann 32 NLDAS, Luo 33 (SGP ) NLDAS,Mitchell 34 NLDAS, Sheffield 35, Pan 36 NLDAS 4, Pinker GOES ; Robock 38 (SGP ) NLDAS, Schaake 39 NLDAS ( ELDAS, European Land Data Assimilation System to Predict floods and droughts ), , ELDAS (WCLDAS,West China Land Data Assimilation System ), ,, VIC CLM SSM gi TMI AMSR, 1991 ; ;, :

5 19 824, GAME ECMWF NCEP, (VIC ) CLM ; VIC CLM ; SSM gi TMI AMSR ; Kalman ;, 1g4 1g4 6 h ( ) 23 ( 4) ; (PILPS ),20, 24 26,, ;,, : 4 4,,,,, (LIS ) 41 43, 44,45,,,,, 1 Daley R. Atmospheric bridge University Press, Talagrand O. Assimilation Data Analysis M. New York : Cam 2 of Observations, An Introduction J. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan,1997,75 (1) : McLaughlin D. Recent Development in Hydrologic Data Ass 2 imilation J. Reviews of Geophysics.1995: J.,1999,16 (1) : McLaughlin D. An Integrated Approach to Hydrologic Data Assimilation : Interpolation, Smoothing, and Filtering J. Advances in Water Resources,200225: ,,. J 1, (4) : Li Xin, Koike T, Pathmathevan M. A Very Fast Simulated Re 2Annealing (VFSA ) Approach for Land Data Assimilation J. Computer&Geosciences,2004,30: Pathmathevan M, Koike T, Li X. A New Satellite 2Based Data Assimilatoin Algorithm to Determine Spatial and Temporal Variations of Soil Moisture and Temperature Profiles J. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 2003,81 (5) : Pathmathevan M, Koike T, Li X, et al. A Simplified Land Data Assimilation Scheme and Its Application to Soil Moisture Experiments in 2002 ( SMEX 02 ) J. Water Resources Research,2003,39 ( 12),1341, doi: g 2003WR Galantowicz J F, Entekhabi D, Njoku E G. Tests of Sequ2 ential Data Assimilation for Retrieving Profile Soil Moisture and Temperature from Observed L 2band Radiobrightness J. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1999,37 (4) : Hoeben R, Troch P A. Assimilation of Active Microwave Observation Data for Soil Moisture Profile Estimation J. Water Resources Research,2000,36 (10) : Kaleita AL, Kumar P. AVHRR Estimates of Surface Temp 2

6 5 : 924 erature During the Southern Great Plains 1997 Experiment J. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000,105 (D 16) :20, Kumar P. Assimilation of Near 2Surface Temperature Using Extended 2003,26:7 93. Kalman filter J. Advances in Water Resources, 14 Lakshmi V. A Simple Surface Temperature Assimilation Sc2 heme for Use Research,2000;36 in Land Surface Models J. Water Resource (12) : Houser P R, Shuttleworth W J, Gupta H V. Integration of Soil Moisture Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling Using Data Assimilation J. Water Resource Research, 1998,34 (12) : Martin Verlaan. Efficient Kalman Filtering Algorithms for Hydrodynamic Models D. Delft University of Technology, Reichle R H, Entekhabi D. Downscaling of Radio Brightness Measurements for Soil Moisture Estimation : A Four 2 Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Approach J. Water Resources Research,2001,37 18 Schuurmans J M, Troch P A. Assimilation (9) : of Remotely Sen2 sed Latent Heat Flux in Distributed Hydrological Model J. Advances in Water Resources,2003,26: Walker J P, Willgoose G R. One 2Dimensional Soil Moisture Profile Retrieval by Assimilation of Near 2Surface Observations : A Comparison of Retrieval Algorithms J. Advances in Water Resources,2001,24: Weiss M, Troufleau D. Coupling Canopy Functioning and Radiative Transfer Models for Remote Sensing Data Assim 2 ilation J. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2001,108: http : ggldas. gsfc. nasa. govg Z. 22 Development of a European Land Data Assimilation System to Predict Floods and Droughts. Description of Work Z. http : ggwww. knmi. nlgsamenw geldas g 23 http : ggldas. westgis. ac. cn Z. 24,,. J.,1997,12 (2) : ,. J.,1997,8 ( ) : J.,1998,18 (3) : Kalman R E. A New Approach to Linear Filtering and Pred 2 iction Problems J. Trans ASME Series D J Basic Eng, 1960,82: Evensen G. Sequential Data Assimilation with a Nonlinear Quasi 2Geostrophic Model Using Monte 2Carlo Methods to Forecast Error Statistics J. Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99 (C5) : Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt Jr C D, Vecchi M P. Optimization by Simulated Annealing J. Science,1983,220 ( 4598) : Bach H, Mauser W. Methods sing Data Assimilation and Examples for Remote Sen2 in Land Surface Process Modeling J. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003,41 (7) : Cosgrove B A. Real 2Time and Retrospective Forcing in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS ) Project J. Journal of Geophysics Research,2003,108 (D 22),8842, doi: g2002jd Lohmann D. Streamflow and Water Balance Intercomparis 2 ons of Four Land Surface Models in the North American Land Data Assimilation System Project J. Journal of Geophysics Research,2004,109, D 07S91, doi: g 2003JD Luo L. Validation of the North American Land Data Assi 2 milation System (NLDAS ) Retrospective Forcing Over the Southern Great Plains J. Journal of Geophysics Research, 2003,108 (D 22),8843, doi: g2002jd Mitchell K E. The Multi 2institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS ) : Utilizing Multiple GCIP Products and Partners in a Continental Distributed Hydrological Modeling System J. Journal of Geophysics Research,2004,109, D 07S90, doi: g 2003JD Sheffield J. Snow Process Modeling in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS ) :1. Evaluation of Model 2Simulated Snow Cover Extent J. Journal of Geophysics Research,2003,108 (D 22),8849, doi: g 2002JD Pan M. Snow Process Modeling in the North American Land Data Assimilation System ( NLDAS ) :2. Evaluation of Model Simulated Snow Water Equivalent J. Journal of Geophysics Research,2003,108 (D 22),8850, doi: g 2003JD Pinker R T. Surface Radiation Budgets in Support of the GEWEX Continental 2Scale International Project (GCIP ) and the GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP ), Including the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS ) project J. Journal of Geophysics Research, 2003,108 (D 22),8844, doi: g2002jd Robock A. Evaluation of the North American Land Data Assimilation System Over the Southern Great Plains During the Warm Season J. Journal of Geophysics Research, 2003,108 (D 22),8846, doi: g2002jd Schaake J C. An Intercomparison of Soil Moisture Fields in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS ) J. Journal of Geophysics Research,2004,109, D 01S90, doi: g2002jd Seuffert G, Wilker H. Soil Moisture Analysis Combining Screen 2Level Parameters and Microwave Brightness Temperature : A Test with Field Data J. Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30 ( 10 ) :1498, doi: g 2003GL

7 Software Engineering Plan for the Land Information System Z. Version , Oct. http : gglis. gsfc. nasa. govg 42 Software Design Document for the Land Information System Z. Version 1. http : gglis. gsfc. nasa. govg 43 Software Engineering Plan for the Land Information System Z. Version 1,2002, Jun. http : gglis. gsfc. nasa. govg 44 http : ggwww. gmes - geoland. infog Z g 45 Jean 2Christophe Calvet 1, Pedro Viterbo 2, Philippe Ciais, et al. Assimilation of Remote Sensing Data to Monitor the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle: The Carbon Observatory of Geoland Z. http : ggwww. globalcarbonproject. org g CARBON %20 PORTAL gagendas. A Review of Land Data Assimilation System HUANG Chun 2lin, LI Xin (Cold and Aird Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou , China ) Abstract : The improvement and development of atmospheric and oceanic data assimilation system promotes the study of land data assimilation system (LDAS ). In the beginning of 21st century, with the formation of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS ) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System ( GLDAS ), the study that utilizes satellite and radar data to assimilate soil moisture, surface temperature and energy flux has being carried on. At the same time, the land data assimilation has been the hotspot of the study in land surface process and hydrology process. In this paper, the main framework of land data assimilation system is summarized in detail. The North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS ) and Global Land Data Assimilation System ( GLDAS ), European Land Data Assimilation System ( ELDAS ) and West China Land Data Assimilation System (WCLDAS ) are introduced. At last, some problems that need to be resolved in the study of land data assimilation system are pointed out. Key words: Data Assimilation, Land Surface Model, Kalman Filter, Simulated Annealing