APPENDIX AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

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1 APPENDIX AVAILABLE ON REQUEST Research Report 143 Measurement and Modeling of Exposure to Selected Air Toxics for Health Effects Studies and Verification by Biomarkers Roy M. Harrison et al. Appendix 21. Model 4 and 5 Modelling Regression Results Note: Appendices Available on the Web appear in a different order than in the original Investigators Report. HEI has not changed these documents. Correspondence may be addressed to Dr. Roy Harrison, University of Birmingham, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, Edgbaston Park Road School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, r.m.harrison@bham.ac.uk Although this document was produced with partial funding by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Assistance Award CR to the Health Effects Institute, it has not been subjected to the Agency s peer and administrative review and therefore may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement by it should be inferred. The contents of this document also have not been reviewed by private party institutions, including those that support the Health Effects Institute; therefore, it may not reflect the views or policies of these parties, and no endorsement by them should be inferred. This document was reviewed by the HEI Health Review Committee but did not undergo the HEI scientific editing and production process Health Effects Institute, 101 Federal Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA

2 Table A21.1. Summary list of add-on variables (A m and F n ) and variable coefficients ( m and n ) entered in the development of Model 4 as defined in Equation 4 HEX BENZ TOL ETBZ P-XYL M-XYL PYR O-XYL 135-TMB STY P-ISO 124-TMB 3-EP NAPH 1,3-BUT Number of Variables in the model Variables entered into the model (Am) Variable coefficients ( m ) Constant Component Open_plan_kitchen Wood_burning Incense_burning Solve nt_use stqg rgptlm 1.76 stqh mephc New _carpet Us e_bus Use_All_ trains Redecoration stqgrgpts stqcrgrg urban London 7.94 ETS Working_hospital Visited_Petrol_Station Chiropodist Drawing_painting carpet_fumigated Kitchen_garage Gas_main_heating Additional_Gas_heating Additional_other_heating Use_gas_cooker Not_cooker_hood Xmas_wrapping_presents Packing_unpacking_Clothes_Loft Work_Lab_Use_Solvents 7.22 Work_factory Variables entered into the model (Fn) Variable coefficients ( n) Time_paint Time_direct_paint Time_Indirect_paint Time_ETS Time_constant_ETS Time_frequent_ETS Time_Const_Freq_ETS Time_All_Nail s_ Glue Inverse_Time_blq ktncpl Inverse_Time_blql vrmcpl Ti me_car Time_trav elling Tim e_gym Time_wrapping_presents Inverse_Time_Unpacking_Clothes A316

3 Inverse_Time_since_antimould Table A21.2. Summary list of add-on variables (A m and F n ) and variable coefficients ( m and n ) entered in the development of Model 4 for PAH as defined in Equation 4 Pyr B(a)A Chry B(b)F B(k)F B(a)P I(123 cd)p D(ah)A B(ghi)P Cor Number of Variables in the model Variables entered into the model (A m ) Variable coefficients ( m ) Constant Component Summer Incense_burning urban suburban WM Car_sometimes_garage No_of_cigarettes_within_2m ETS_home Use_Bus Additional_Gas_heating Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker e Floor_flat_located Variables entered into the model (F n ) Variable coefficients ( n ) Time_frequent_ETS A317

4 An explanation of the meaning of each variable is presented in Table A21.3 Table A21.3. Meaning of variables entered into the developed model Variable Meaning Constant Constant of the model Component Modelled concentration of studied component as calculated in Model 3 Summer Sampling done in summer Car_sometimes_garage Car sometimes left in garage Open_plan_kitchen Volunteer lives in a flat with open plan kitchen Floor_flat_located Volunteer lives in a flat which is not on ground floor Wood_burning Volunteer has burned wood Incense_burning Volunteer has burned incense or candles Solvent_use Volunteer has used any solvent Redecoration Volunteer house has been redecorated in the last 12 months stqhmeik Volunteer has ink stored at home stqgrgpts Volunteer has paints stored in the garage, stqgrgptlm Volunteer has a petrol lawn mower stored in the garage stqcrgrg Volunteer keeps the car in the garage stqhmephc Volunteer has a photocopier, fax or printer in the house urban Volunteer lives in an urban environment suburban Volunteer lives in a suburban environment rural Volunteer lives in a rural environment WM Volunteer lives in West Midlands London Volunteer lives in London Wales Volunteer lives in Wales Time_paint Time in minutes where the volunteer was painting or painting was done while the volunteer was present Time_direct_paint Time in minutes where the volunteer was painting Time_Indirect_paint Time in minutes where painting was done while the volunteer was present, but volunteer didn't paint ETS Volunteer was exposed to tobacco smoke ETS_home Volunteer was exposed to tobacco smoke at home No_of_cigarettes_within_2m Number of cigarettes recorded within 2 m from volunteer Time_ETS Time in minutes where the volunteer was exposed to tobacco smoke Time_constant_ETS Time in minutes where the volunteer was exposed to constant tobacco smoke Time_frequent_ETS Time in minutes where the volunteer was exposed to frequent tobacco smoke Time_Const_Freq_ETS Time in minutes where the volunteer was exposed to constant and/or frequent tobacco smoke Walk_busy_road Volunteer walking along a busy road Working_hospital Volunteer works in a hospital or GP surgery Visited_Petrol_Station Volunteer visited a petrol station Chiropodist Volunteer was using chiropodist materials Drawing_painting Volunteers was drawing or painting with children colours and paints Time_All_Nails_Glue Time in minutes where the volunteer was in contact with solvents due to nails being done, glue or gardening products being used carpet_fumigated Volunteer had the carpet fumigated New_carpet Volunteer had a new carpet blqothcpl Carpet laid down in other room other than living room/bedroom Inverse_Time_blqktncpl Inverse of time in months-1 since the kitchen carpet was laid down Inverse_Time_blqlvrmcpl Inverse of time in months-1 since the living room carpet was laid down Inverse_Time_blqlbdrmcpl Inverse of time in months-1 since the living room-bedroom carpet was laid down Use_Bus The volunteer commuted by bus Use_All_trains The volunteer commute by electric or diesel train Use_diesel_train The volunteer commute by diesel train Time_car Time in minutes the volunteer spent travelling in a car Time_bus Time in minutes the volunteer spent travelling in a bus Time_travelling Time in minutes the volunteer spent travelling by any means Time_Gym Time in minutes the volunteer was in a gym Kitchen_garage The integral garage is connected to the house by a door in the kitchen Gas_main_heating Volunteer uses gas as a main heating system Additional_Gas_heating Volunteer uses gas as an additional heating system Additional_other_heating Volunteer uses other heating sources as an additional heating system Additional_wood_heating Volunteer uses wood as an additional heating system Use_gas_cooker Time in hours the volunteer uses the gas cooker in a weekday as an average Not_cooker_hood Volunteer does not use the cooker hood when cooking Normally_cooker_hood Volunteer normally uses the cooker hood when cooking Xmas_wrapping_presents Volunteer was wrapping Christmas presents and writing Christmas cards Time_wrapping_presents Time in minutes where the volunteer was wrapping Christmas presents and writing Christmas cards Packing_unpacking_Clothes_Loft The volunteer had pack or unpack clothes or has being packing things from the loft Inverse_Time_Unpacking_Clothes Inverse of time in day-1 since the volunteer was packing or unpacking clothes Inverse_Time_since antimould Inverse of time in day-1 since the volunteer had used antimould in the house Work_Lab_Use_Solvents Volunteer works with solvents in the lab Work_Lab_Use Volunteer works in a lab Work_factory Volunteer works in a factory A318

5 Table A21.4. Detailed list of add-on variables (A m and F n ), unstandardized variable coefficients ( m and n ), standardized variable coefficient (Beta) and partial correlations of the variables entered in the development of Model 4 for VOC as defined in Equation 4 Unstandardized Standardized Model Variables coefficients coefficient t Sig. Correlations B Std. Error Beta Zero-order Partial Semipartial n-hexane (Constant) stqgrgpts (R 2 =0.385) Time_constant_ETS Visited_hospital Additional_other_heating Work_factory Work_lab_use Benzene (Constant) Benzene Modelled (R 2 =0.469) stqgrgpts stqcrgrg urban Time_Const_Freq_ETS Visited_hospital Use_All_trains Time_car Gas_main_heating Additional_other_heating Toluene (Constant) Toluene Modellef (R 2 =0.513) Open_plan_kitchen Incense_burning stqgrgpts stqcrgrg London Visited_hospital Drawing_painting Time_All_Nails_Glue Additional_Gas_heating Xmas_wrapping Work_factory Ethylbenzene (Constant) Ethylbenzene Modelled (R 2 =0.813) stqgrgpts stqcrgrg Time_paint Visited_hospital carpet_fumigated New_carpet Additional_other_heating Work_factory p-xylene (Constant) p-xylene Modelled (R 2 =0.819) stqgrgptlm stqcrgrg Time_paint Visited_hospital carpet_fumigated Additional_other_heating Work_factory m-xylene (Constant) m-xylene Modelled (R 2 =0.833) stqcrgrg Time_paint Time_Indirect_paint Visited_hospital carpet_fumigated Work_factory Pyridine (Constant) Pyridine Modelled (R 2 =0.699) ETS Time_ETS Time_constant_ETS Time_frequent_ETS o-xylene (Constant) o-xylene Modelled (R 2 =0.832) stqcrgrg Time_paint Time_Indirect_paint Visited_hospital carpet_fumigated Work_factory ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Constant) ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Modelled (R 2 =0.788) stqcrgrg Time_direct_paint Kitchen_garage Use_gas_cooker Work_factory Styrene (Constant) Styrene Modelled (R 2 =0.868) Wood_burning carpet_fumigated A319

6 Unstandardized Standardized Model Variables coefficients coefficient t Sig. Correlations B Std. Error Beta Zero-order Partial Semipartial p-isopropyltoluene (Constant) p-isopropyltoluene Modelled (R 2 =0.484) Incense_burning Redecoration Time_direct_paint Chiropodist Drawing_painting Time_Gym Additional_Gas_heating Not_cooker_hood Inv_Time_since_antimould ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Constant) ,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Modelled (R 2 =0.862) stqcrgrg Time_direct_paint Kitchen_garage Use_gas_cooker Work_factory Ethenylpyridine (Constant) Ethenylpyridine Modelled (R 2 =0.750) ETS Time_ETS Time_constant_ETS Time_Const_Freq_ETS Naphthalene (Constant) Incense_burning (R 2 =0.418) stqhmephc Inv_blqktncpl Inv_blqlvrmcpl Gas_main_heating Packing_Unpacking_Clothes_Loft Inv_Time_Unpack_Clothes ,3-Butadiene (Constant) Solvent_use (R 2 =0.487) Time_ETS Time_Const_Freq_ETS Petrol_Station Use_Bus Time_travelling Kitchen_garage Additional_Gas_heating Time_wraping_presents Inv_Time_since_antimould A320

7 Table A21.5. Detailed list of add-on variables (A m and F n ), unstandardized variable coefficients ( m and n ), standardized variable coefficient and partial correlations of the variables entered in the development of Model 4 for PAH as defined in Equation 4 Unstandardized Standardized Model Variables coefficients coefficient t Sig. Correlations B Std. Error Beta Zero-order Partial Semipartial Pyrene (Constant) Pyr_Mod (R 2 =0.247)) summer Incense_burning Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Benzo(a)anthracene (Constant) BaA_Mod (R 2 =0.661) summer urban No_of_cig_within_2m Use_Bus Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Time_frequent_ETS Chrysene (Constant) Chry_Mod (R 2 =0.334) No_of_cig_within_2m Use_gas_cooker Not_cooker_hood Benzo(b)fluoranthene (Constant) BbF_Mod (R 2 =0.278) summer No_of_cig_within_2m Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Benzo(k)fluroranthene (Constant) BkF_Mod (R 2 =0.303) summer Car_sometimes_garage No_of_cig_within_2m Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Benzo(a)pyrene (Constant) BaP_Mod (R 2 =0.346) summer Car_sometimes_garage No_of_cig_within_2m Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (Constant) I123cdP_Mod (R 2 =0.282) summer Car_sometimes_garage No_of_cig_within_2m Additional_Gas_heating Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (Constant) DahA_Mod (R 2 =0.575) summer No_of_cig_within_2m ETS_home Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (Constant) BghiP_Mod (R 2 =0.259) summer Car_sometimes_garage Additional_Gas_heating Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker Coronene (Constant) Cor_Mod (R 2 =0.367) suburban WM Car_sometimes_garage Additional_Gas_heating Not_cooker_hood Use_gas_cooker floor_flat_located A321

8 Table A21.6. Detailed list of add-on variables (A m and F n ), unstandardized variable coefficients ( m and n ), standardized variable coefficient and partial correlations of the variables entered in the development of Model 5 for VOC and PAH as defined in Equation 5 Unstandardized Standardized Model Variables coefficients coefficient t Sig. Correlations B Std. Error Beta Zero-order Partial Semipartial n-hexane (Constant) IG ETS_home Benzene (Constant) IG ETS Toluene (Constant) FL Ethylbenzene (Constant) FL p-xylene NVE m-xylene (Constant) FL Pyridine (Constant) ETS ETS_home o-xylene (Constant) FL ,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Constant) ETS_home Styrene (Constant) urban p-isopropyltoluene NVE 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Constant) ETS_home IG Ethenylpyridine (Constant) ETS ETS_home Naphthalene (Constant) ETS_home suburban ,3-Butadiene (Constant) ETS urban Pyrene (Constant) rural Benzo(a)anthracene (Constant) rural Chrysene (Constant) rural Benzo(b)fluoranthene (Constant) rural Benzo(k)fluroranthene (Constant) rural Benzo(a)pyrene (Constant) rural Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (Constant) rural Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (Constant) rural Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (Constant) rural Coronene (Constant) rural A322