Data Management Brown Bag: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data A.K.A Spatial Data

Transcription

1 Data Management Brown Bag: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data A.K.A Spatial Data Joe Aufmuth GIS Librarian

2 Today s Focus An overview of GIS: definition, principals, data types, and ArcGIS Spatial Data Source Limitations Is GIS the Correct Research Tool? Spatial Data Sources Summary of Spatial Data UF Soil Information System of Thailand

3 GIS Models The Real World

4 GIS: A Definition A Geographic Information System, or GIS is composed of computer hardware, software, geographically referenced digital data (spatial data), and people (data accuracy and bias). A GIS is used to collect, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographic information. A GIS models or represents geographic features and can measure or predict their interactions.

5 Multiple Data Layers ESRI Where it is (position) What it is (description) When it was there (time) Quantity, Proximity Spatial Analysis How Features interact What if.. Predictions

6 Principal GIS Concepts A data model (geo-database) that uses location and description to mimic the real world. (also temporal) Spatial information (X,Y,Z elevation) about three vector feature classes (POINTS, LINES, POLYGONS) and a linked tabular database of their multiple attributes or descriptions (grid cells have a singular attribute). ***Common reference system for all layers used in the GIS. PROJECTION, DATUM (horizontal and vertical), SPHEROID and UNITS (Lat/Long = spherical coordinate system, not suitable for analysis) Facilitates overlay of multiple layers to create and analyze new temporal and spatial relationships between features

7 Two Spatial Data Formats Vector Points, Lines, and Polygons Raster Grid Cells (Pixels)

8 Visualize the World Three Vector Feature Classes: Points, Lines, and Polygons Point: A discrete or single location with no discernible area at a specified scale. Line/Arc: A set of ordered coordinates (x,y) that when connected represent the linear shape of a narrow object. Polygon (area): A closed figure composed of lines that enclose a homogeneous area.

9 Vector Data Point Line (Arc) Polygon No Area From Node To Node Left No Area Vertex Area Homogeneous Right

10 Tabular Data Columns = Fields = Items = Attribute = Description Rows = Records = Features Data (text, number, date)

11 Grid/Raster/Imagery Data (Greater Data Variability based on Cell Size) # Columns Numeric Cell Value 1 value per cell # Rows Examples elevation, land use, flow rate, drainage direction, temperature, salinity, reflectance, etc Gradients and Variable Data

12 ArcGIS Software: ArcMap Program ArcMap uses vector data in a special format called a SHAPEFILE. A single shapefile layer contains either points, or lines, or polygons. A shapefile is composed of several individual files that include vector data, a relational database, coordinate projection, data index, etc. ArcGIS is no longer paid for by the Provost

13 A Shapefile and It s Attribute Table: A Map of Countries: - One polygon file - Each country is one feature - Data display is not a map

14 GPS Table GIS Import

15 Typical Data Layers Administrative and Political Boundaries Cities Historic Sites Inventory Land Cover and Use Imagery (Satellite and Aerials) Soils Hydrology Census Roads Railroads Elevation Fire Hydrants Township, Range and Section Species Distributions Property Boundaries All in a Common Coordinate System

16 Source Data Limitations Different Purposes, Sources, and Reliability of Digital Spatial Data (digital = accurate) Federal, State, Local, Private QA/QC of All Data (positional and attribute accuracy) Different Coordinate Systems (Geographic vs Projected) Latitude/Longitude Global/Spherical Reference System Projection Plane/Surface Grid Coordinate System Every Layer Must Share a Common Projected Coordinate System for Analysis Different Digital Data Collection Scales and Uses Small Scale / Large Area Regional Analysis (1:100,000) Large Scale / Small Area Local Analysis (1:24,000)

17 Source Data Limitations Representing a particular real world location with a point, line, or polygon is scale dependent. At small scales (1:500,000) areas become a single line or point (generalized features/low resolution). At large scales (1:2000) lines and points may have area (detailed/higher resolution). Usable data scale = Data source scale or smaller. GPS data = 1:1 vs

18 The Appropriate Research Tool? Is the research question a spatial problem? What research data is needed and how can GIS be used to obtain it? Are spatial operations involved? (clip, buffer, union, intersect, identity, etc..) What level of spatial resolution/scale and positional accuracy is required? Does needed spatial data exist or does it have to be created? Is descriptive tabular data available? Can detailed descriptive tabular data be joined to spatial data at the current data resolution/scale? Is it easier to make a graphic or map in another program? I need a pretty map!

19 Spatial Data Sources GOOGLE Search Terms GIS Data Clearinghouse = 338,000 GIS Data Sources = 4,400,000 GIS Data Download = 19,100,000 GIS Database = 27,900,000

20 Spatial Data in The Cloud Florida Geographic Data Library (FGDL), Florida s Statewide Data UF s URP GeoPlan Center Africover Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN africover_data.php LABINS Florida s Land Boundary Information System U.S. Geo Spatial One Stop The US s GIS data portal

21 Subscribed Spatial Databases LandScan 2010 Global Population World Language Mapping System SimplyMap demographic data

22 UFDC Digital Collections

23 The Map and Imagery Library Over 500,000 Maps plus atlases, reference books, aerial photography, and spatial data. Specialized tours and class instruction by appointment. Area specialties include: Florida, Latin America, the United States, Africa, and the Holy Land. Scanners and computers with GIS and remote sensing software are available More information can be found at

24 GIS and Remote Sensing UF + + = Zonal Attributes

25 GIS Cataloged UF GIS use only limited by the imagination! Geographic Information Systems AND Public Health 71 Forestry 56 Business 189 Conservation 375 Policy 371 Dissertation 190 Thesis

26 UF ArcGIS User Summary ~ 700 Students Annually, Free Education Edition 40+ units on campus that use the concurrent use license for ArcGIS Desktop (from 1 to unlimited licenses)

27 Agricultural and Biological Engineering Agricultural Education and Communication Biology Bureau of Economic and Business Research (BEBR) Civil and Coastal Engineering College of Agricultural and Life Sciences - CALS (includes Soils) College of Design, Construction & Planning College of Vet Medicine - Administration Coop. Extension, County Ops. Department of Epidemiology Department of Health Outcomes and Policy - Community Denistry Department of Urology e-learning Support Services / Office of Academic Technology Emerging Pathogens Institute Environmental Horticulture Fire Science Florida Museum of Natural History Food and Resource Economics Department Forest Resources and Conservation - SFRC (includes Fisheries) Geography GeoPlan Horticulture IFAS - Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) IFAS - Entomology and Nematology

28 IFAS - Everglades Research and Education Center (EREC) IFAS - Florida Medical Entomology Lab (Vero Beach) IFAS - Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center (FLREC) IFAS - Indian River Research and Education Center (IRREC) IFAS - North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC) IFAS - Osceola County IFAS - Plant Science Unit IFAS - Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC) IFAS - Statistics IFAS - Tropical Research and Education Center (TREC) IFAS - West Florida Research and Education Center (WFREC) IFAS Center for Aquatic & Invasive Plants Institute for Child Health Policy Libraries (Unlimited Licenses) LUCIE (includes Geogrphay) Maternal Child Health and Education Research and Data Center, Dept of Pediatrics (Now called FDC) Office of Institutional Planning & Research Program for Resource Efficient Communities Sea Grant UF Planning UF Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Foundation Research Department Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

29 Image Analysis Software Imagine/ENVI User Departments CISE Ag and Bio Engineering Geomatics -- School Forest Resources Libraries (5/5) CREC, Lake Alfred Experiment Station Ft. Lauderdale Fish and Wildlife Geography/LUECI Lab Soil and Water Sciences Ag and Bio Engineering Wildlife, Ecology and Conservation GeoPlan Center Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

30 UF s Graduate Level Interdisciplinary Concentration in GIS (ICGIS) Degrees Note: (N) - non-thesis degree; (O) - thesis with non-thesis option degree; (T) - thesis degree

31 ICGIS 15 Total Credit Hours; 5 Categories of Courses; 29 Classes; 20 Professors 10 Participating Degree Programs in: Agricultural and Biological Engineering Environmental Engineering Sciences Landscape Architecture Geomatics Program Forestry Geography Anthropology Soil and Water Science Urban and Regional Planning Wildlife Ecology and Conservation School of Natural Resources and Environment

32 agenda2012.html

33 Converting Maps To Digital Data Geo-referencing: assigning real world coordinates to a digital object

34 Modern/Ancient Jerusalem 1887 Paper to Digital (Remlap, L. T)

35 Large Format Digital Image Capture

36 Desktop Image Capture

37 Google Maps: Jerusalem

38 ArcGIS: Jerusalem Imagery

39 Geo-referencing image coordinates to real world coordinates

40 Finding Common Image and Real World Control Points

41 Georeferenced Digital Map New Historic Data Layers

42 QUESTIONS?