[55) Family TIPULIDAE
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1 [55) Family TIPULIDAE Tipulidae, commonly known as crane flies, are found worldwide and corn - prise approximately 4,000 species. Adults of extant forms are mostly associated with moist and temperate forests, swamps, marshes, and meadows, and can be found in the high latitudes as well as high altitudes. Immature stages are semiaquatic to terrestrial and can be found in such places as moist leaf litter, moss, rotting logs, mud, and sands associated with riverbanks. They feed on decaying plant material. Adults, though possessing functional mouthparts, have been only rarely observed feeding at flowers. Two schools of classification exist for the family groupings. Primarily North American and British authors have lumped Tipulidae as a single large family, while mostly European authors have split the Cylindrotomidae and Limoniidae into separate families. This catalog follows the family treatment of con - temporary European workers with the the family Tipulidae herein equivalent to the subfamily Tipulinae of other authors Tipulids constitute one of the major groups of Diptera in the fossil record. One hundred species in eight genera are listed in this catalog. In addition to the determined material listed below, Grimaldi (1990) recorded undetermined material from the Upper Cretaceous Santana formation of Brazil and Krzeminski & Krzeminska (1990: 496) recorded the family from the Eocene deposits of Pesciara di Bolca, Italy. Ref.: Alexander ( 1931, review of Baltic amber taxa). Genus CTENOPHORA Meigen *CTENOPHORA Meigen, 1803: 263. Type species: Tipula pectinicomis Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation oflatreille (1804: 188). decheni Heyden, 1859: 13. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C].
2 [56) CAT ALOG OF FOSSIL DIPTERA Genus DICTENIDIA Brulle DICTENIDIA Brulle, 1833b: 399. Type species: Tipula bimaculata Linnaeus, 1761, by subsequent designation ofduponchel in d'orbigny (1844: 752). D!CERA Lioy, 1863: 216. Type species: Tipula bimaculata Linnaeus, 1761, by original designation. DICAERA. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Dicera Lioy (Bell, 1888: 2). Unidentified sp.-pa: UK (Scotland) (Pleistocene) [C] (Bell, 1888: 2). Genus ISCHNOTOMA Skuse *ISCHNOTOMA Skuse, l 890b: 115. Type species: Tipula serricomis Macquart, 1846 [= Tipula ebumea Walker, 1848], by subsequent designation of Alexander (1920b: 53). vasifera Cockerell & Haines, 1921a: 82 (Holorusia ). PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. Genus LEPTOTARSUS Guerin-Meneville *LEPTOTARSUS Guerin-Meneville, 1831: pl. 20, fig. 1 [1838b: 286). Type species: Leptotarsus macquarti Guerin-Meneville, 1831, by monotypy. Subgenus MACROMASTIX Osten Sacken * MACROTHORAX Jaennicke, 1867: 319 (as genus). Type species: Macrothorax ornatus Jaennicke, 1867 [= Tipula costalis Swederus, 1787], by monotypy. [Preoccupied by Lioy, 1864.] *MACROMASTIX Osten Sacken, 1887 a: 185 (as genus; new replacement name for Macrothorax Jaennicke). Type species: Macrothorax ornatus Jaennicke, 1867 [ = Tipula costalis Swederus, 1787], automatic. bornhardti Meunier, 1917a: 99 (Macromastix). PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. New combination. cladoptera Cockerell & Haines, 1921a: 83 [192lb: 111] (Macromastix).PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. New combination. Genus MANAPSIS Scudder MANAPSIS Scudder, 1894: 222 (60). Type species: Manapsis anomala Scudder, 1894, by monotypy. anomala Scudder, 1894: 222 (60). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
3 Family TIPULIDAE [57] Genus MEGISTOCERA Wiedemann *MAEK!STOCERA Wiedemann, 1820b: 41[1821a:41; 1821b: 41]. Type species: Tipula filipes Fabricius, 1805, by subsequent designation of Macquart [1838: 63 (59)] (for Megistocera ). *MEGISTOCERA Wiedemann, 1828: 55. Type species: Tipula filipes Fabricius, 1805, by subsequent designation ofmacquart [1838: 59 (63)]. [The name Megistocera is used here in the interest of stability and common usage. Suspension of the I.C.Z.N. rules is necessary to validate this name over Maekistocera, which has priority.] gurnetensis Cockerell, 1921c : 456. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. Genus NEPHROTOMA Meigen PALES Meigen, 1800: 14. Suppressed by l.c.z.n. (1963: 339). *NEPHROTOMA Meigen, 1803: 262. Type species: Tipula dorsalis Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. Unidentified sp.-pa: Italy (Miocene) [C] (Gentilini, 1990: 220). Unidentified sp.-pa: France (Oligocene) [C] (Serres, 1829: 231). Genus TIPULA Linnaeus *TIPULA Linnaeus, 1758: 585. Type species: Tipula oleracea Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of Latreille ( 1810: 442). ADETUSBerendt, 1845: 57. Nomen nudum. ADETUS Bronn, 1847: 597. Nomen nudum. MICRAPS/S Scudder, 1894: 242 (80). Type species: Micrapsis pa/ii.dis Scudder, 1894, by monotypy. TIPULIDEA Scudder, 1894: 238 (76). Type species: Tipulidea consumpta Scudder, 1894, by subsequent designation of Cockerell (1909d: 84 ). Subgenus ELECTROTIPULA Alexander ELECTROTIPULA Alexander, 1931 : 21. Type species: Tipula pinetorum Alexander, 1931, by original designation. pinetorum Alexander, 1931: 22. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. Unplaced to Subgenus of TIPULA Linnaeus acourti Cockerell, 1921c: 455. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. aemula Heer, 1849: 193. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C]. angustata Novak, 1877: 87. PA: Czech Republic (Oligocene) [C]. bilineata Scudder, 1894: 240 (78) (Tipulidea). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C].
![[58) CATALOG OF FOSSIL DIPTERA binoculata Henriksen, 1922: 19. PA: Denmark (Eocene) [CJ. bouati Meunier, 1915b: 14. PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. brevirostris Loew, 1850b: 37. Nomen nudum.](/docs-images/72/66663782/images/4-0.jpg "[Preoccupied by Zetterstedt, 1838.) callarche Cockerell, 1921c: 455. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. carolae Lewis, 1973b: 707. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. carolinae Scudder, 1894: 233 (71).")
4 [58) CATALOG OF FOSSIL DIPTERA binoculata Henriksen, 1922: 19. PA: Denmark (Eocene) [CJ. bouati Meunier, 1915b: 14. PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. brevirostris Loew, 1850b: 37. Nomen nudum. [Preoccupied by Zetterstedt, 1838.) callarche Cockerell, 1921c: 455. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. carolae Lewis, 1973b: 707. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. carolinae Scudder, 1894: 233 (71). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. carpenteri Alexander, 1938: 112. NE: USA (Eocene) [CJ. clauda Scudder, 1894: 229 (67). NE: USA (Oligocene) [CJ. consumpta Scudder, 1894: 239 (77) (Tipulidea). NE: USA (Oligocene) [CJ. cossmanni Meunier, 1915b: 14. PA: France (Oligocene) [CJ. crassipes Meunier, 1899e: 173. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. digitifera Alexander, 1931: 26. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. eocenica Meunier, 1906/: 394 (Brachypremna). PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/01- igocene) [A]. eucera Loew, 1850b: 37. Nomen nudum. eva Krzeminski, 1992a: 43. PA: Russia (Amur) (Upper Cretaceous) [CJ. evanitura Scudder, 1894: 230 (68). NE: USA (Oligocene) [CJ. expectans Novak, 1877: 88. PA: Czech Republic (Oligocene) [C]. falco Alexander, 1931: 30. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. florissanta Scudder, 1894: 227 (65). NE: USA (Oligocene) [CJ. fmartinbrowni Evenhuis, 1994: in this work (new replacement name for decoraia Brown). NE: USA (Oligocene) [CJ. decorata Brown, 1985: 98. NE: USA (Oligocene) [Cj. [Preoccupied by Phi:ippi, 1865.] New synonymy. fongicola M ~unier, 1899e: 174. Nomen nudum. furensis Fre.."ald, 1990: 51. PA: Denmark (Paleocene/Eocene) [CJ. gardneri 0 ::kerell, 1917 b: 374. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [CJ. goliath Loew, 1850b: 37. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. graciosa Meunier, 1906/: 391. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. grandis Meunier, 1915a: 196. PA: France (Oligocene) [CJ. [Preoccupied by Panzer, 1804; no new name proposed at this time.] grandissima Meunier, 1906/ 393. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. handlirschiana Alexander, 1931 : 32. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. heeriana Cockerell, 1909b: 58 (new replacement name for lineata Heer). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C]; France (Miocene) [C]. lineata Heer, 1849: 194. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [CJ. [Preoccupied by Scopoli, 1763.] heilprini Scudder, 1894: 232 (70). NE: USA (Oligocene) [CJ. hepiliana Cockerell, 1909 g: 285. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. hooleyi Cockerell & Haines, 1921a: 82. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [CJ. indura Theobald, 1937a: 145. PA: France (Oligocene) [CJ. infernalis Heer, 1861: 153. Nomen nudum.
5 Family TIPULIDAE [59] inflexa Theobald, 1937a: 343. PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. insolita Zhang, 1989a: 326. PA: China (Miocene) [C]. internecata Scudder, 1894: 235 (73). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. lapillescens Scudder, 1894: 237 (75). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. latahensis Lewis, 1969: 106. NE: USA (Miocene) [C]. lethaea Scudder, 1894: 236 (74). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. limfjordensis Freiwald, 1990: 53. PA: Denmark (Paleocene/Eocene) [C]. limi Scudder, 1894: 234 (72). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. limiformis Cockerell, 1915c: 492. PA: UK (England) (Eocene/Oligocene) [C]. longicomis Meunier, 1899e: 174. Nomen nudum. [Preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1758.] longipalpis Meunier, 1906/: 392. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. longipes Keilbach, 1982: 327. Nomen nudum. [Preoccupied by Fabricius, 1805.] maclurei Scudder, 1894: 231 (69). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]; PA: France (Miocene/Pliocene) [C]. ssp. chervini Piton, 1934: 38 [Piton in Piton & Theobald, 1935: 92]. PA: France (Miocene/Pliocene) [C]. ssp. maclurei s. str. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. maculipennis Heer, 1849: 191. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C]. magnifica Scudder, 1894: 226 (64). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. maior Unger, 1841: 425 (Rhipidia). PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C]. ungeri Heer, 1849: 195. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C]. major Meunier, 1906f: 392. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. [Secondary junior homonym of maior Unger; no new replacement name proposed here.] marioni Theobald, 1937a: 144. PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. maxima Statz, 1934: 95. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C]. media Meunier, 1906f: 392. PA: Baltic Region (Eocooef(Jligocene) [A]. miegi Theobald, 1937a: 238. PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. minima Theobald, 1937a: 237. PA: France (Oligocene) [C]. needhami Cockerell, 1910c: 281. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. obtecta Heer, 1849: 195. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [C]. pachyvena Freiwald, 1990: 56. PA: Denmark (Paleocene/Eocene) [C]. paludis Scudder, 1894: 243 (81) (Micrapsis). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. peusi Statz, 1944b: 101. PA: Germany (Oligocene) [C]. phoracantha Alexander, 1931: 27. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. picta Scudder, 1894: 241 (79) (Tipulidea). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. piligera Keilbach, 1982: 328. Nomen nudum. presliana Alexander, 1931 : 27. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. reliquiae Scudder, 1894: 241 (79) (Tipulidea). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. revivificata Scudder, 1894: 230 (68). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. rigens Scudder, 1894: 227 (65). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. rubiensis Lewis, 1973b: 706. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. scudderiana Alexander, 1931: 32. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. sectorialis Zeuner, 1938: 13:5. PA; Germany (Oligocene) [C].
6 [60] CAT ALOG OF FOSSIL DIPTERA sepulchri Scudder, 1890: 578. NE: USA (Eocene) [C]. spinistyla Alexander, 1931: 30. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. spoliata Scudder, 1890: 577. NE: USA (Eocene) [C]. sub media Alexander, 1931: 26. PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. subterjacens Scudder, 1894: 236 (74). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. tartari Scudder, 1894: 233 (71). NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. tubifera Wighton, 1980: 624. NE: Canada (Paleocene) [C]. tulameena Handlirsch, 1910: 123. NE: Canada (Oligocene) [C]. varia Heer, 1849: 193. PA: Croatia (Miocene) [CJ. wilmatteae Melander, 1949: 5. NE: USA (Oligocene) [C]. Unidentified sp.-pa: France (Eocene) [C] (Nectoux, 1981: 12). Unidentified sp.-pa: Germany (Miocene) [A] (Schumann & Wendt, 1989: 41 ). Unplaced Species of TIPULIDAE antiqua Prest, 1822: 202 (Tipula). PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. *culiciformis Linnaeus, 1767: 978 (Tipula). PA: Sweden; LU: (?Holocene) [K]. curvicornis Prest, 1822: 200 (Tipula). PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A]. fusca Bloch, 1776: 175 (Tipula). LU (?Holocene) [K]. *incarnata Linnaeus, 1767: 978 (Tipula). PA: Sweden; LU (?Holocene) [K]. *longicornis Linnaeus, 1758: 588 (Tipula). PA: Sweden; LU (?Holocene) [K]. *minutissima Linnaeus, 1767: 979 (Tipula). PA: Sweden; LU (?Holocene) [K]. protogaea Presl, 1822: 201 (Tipula). PA: Baltic Region (Eocene/Oligocene) [A].
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