From second home areas to a permanent city: a planning strategy to renovate tourist destinations on the Mediterranean coast

Transcription

1 Acknowledgement: The research that this paper is based on was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CSO /GEOG). From second home areas to a permanent city: a planning strategy to renovate tourist destinations on the Mediterranean coast M. Trinitat Rovira Soto, PhD Salvador Anton Clavé, Professor International Geographical Union Commission Geography of Tourism, Leisure and Global Change New Perspectives on Second Homes 9 11 June 2014, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Geography

2 Focus in mass tourism coastal areas with mixed uses including regulated accommodation, second homes and permanent population Interest in the use of planning as a tool for transforming coastal destinations, adapting them to the new paths of attracting permanent population, commercial activities and other productive services Link to concepts such as tourism urbanization (Mullins, 1991), tourism as city creator (Williams & Hall, 2002) and transitive paths of destinations to permanent cities (Anton Clavé, 2012) Case in the Southern leg of the Metropolitan area of Barcelona in Catalonia (differences with conventional ideas about coastal mass tourism destinations in Spain) Tourist Industry Urban- residential Context Source: Generalitat de Catalunya

3 Content 1 Introduction Objectives Study area Background Methodology Results Concluding remarks

4 1 Introduction The Spanish Mediterranean coast A general view More than 3 4 milion of second homes in Spain (only 14% of housedolds own a second home) 19% of increase of the urban surface in a 2km stretch of shoreline between 1987 and 2001 (Rullan, 2011) An growth tendency until 2007 and a decreasing tendency of dwellings and second homes construction since then (Rullan, 2011) Second homes A touristic view Structure of accommodation places in coastal municipalities, 2003 (Exceltur, 2005) Others Regulated accommodation Main dwellings 45% 1.7 M regulated beds 5.3 M SH beds Tourist places in second homes, 2003 (Exceltur, 2005) Nº Places

5 1 Introduction What to do with residential temporary areas? How to make residential temporary areas useful? Could second home areas have a role in the renovation/ transformation of tourist cities?

6 2 Objective Understand the use of planning as a tool to transform second home areas and renovate mass tourism destinations in the case of central Costa Daurada in Catalonia Observe how, in an specific metropolitan context, planning is leading the transformation of temporary housing areas into permanent residence neighbourhoods (Casado Díaz, 1999; Williams & Hall, 2000, 2002; Équipe MIT, 2002; Huete, Mantecón & Mazón, 2008) at a local scale (Keen & Hall, 2004; Domínguez, González & Parreño, 2011; Brida, Osti, Santifaller, 2011).

7 3 Study area: central Costa Daurada A micro specialized tourism complex in the metropolitan context of Barcelona (Catalonia) The central Costa Daurada [51.6Km 2, 62,623 inhabitants], in Tarragona Length of coastal line: 20 Km aprox. Municipalities: Cambrils, Salou and Vila seca 4.5 millions tourists per year 90,341 beds in regulated accommodation (hotels/apartments to let/campsites) 40% of tourists in private houses second homes*: 38,182 (2001) 37,950 (2011) => 0.01% main homes: 17,825 (2001) 31,816 (2011) => +78.5% share of second homes properties*: 58% (2001) 47% (2011)

8 4 Background In the case of Mediterranean mature coastal destinations interest can be focused on the second home areas rather than on second home units Evolution from home to place In coastal tourist destinations second homes are urban components of tourism destinations which generate an own landscape planning as a development tool

9 5 Methodology Analysis of the evolution of key indices derived from partial urban planning developments including second home purposes (mixed, integrated, not gated) The partial urban planning (in Spain) organizes in detail (private uses, public and collective facilities, local networks and open public spaces) small homogeneous areas that should be urbanized and built in a relatively short time Total partial urban Nombre de plans planning parcials % development plans since the 60s including second home residential uses [they might include other uses as well] 0 Decade Dècada 1960 Decade Dècada 1970 Decade Dècada 1980 Decade Dècada 1990 Decade Dècada Percentatge Average urbanized superfície partial urbanitzada urban plans planning parcials aptes Nombre Total partial plans urban parcials planning aptes

10 5 Methodology Distribution of partial urban planning classified by decades approval Legend Decade approval Decade 1960 Decade 1970 Decade 1980 Decade 1990 Decade 2000 Core nucleus Non apt study Urban Municipal boundary

11 6 Results Evolution of the basic urban components in planned areas with second homes uses % Years Local Traffic Network Open Public Spaces Public and Collective Equipments Private Use Trend curve Local Traffic Network Trend curve Open Public Spaces Trend curve Public and Collective Equip. Trend curve Private Use

12 6 Results Evolution of the building typology in planned areas with second home uses % Years Single family home Multi family housing unit Semidetached home Trend curve single family home Trend curve multi family housing unit Trend curve semidetached home

13 6 Results Intensity of use in planned areas with second home uses 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0, Years

14 6 Results Urban land occupation in planned areas with second homes uses Years

15 6 Results In central part of Costa Daurada, recent planning of development areas (since late 90s) with second home uses lead to: balance the low levels of public urban components (open public spaces, local traffic network and public and collective facilities) inherited from the 60s to 80s connect second homes areas with other permanent residential areas already built (link to sustainable urban form) hold back the geographic expansion of the urban growth (issue of density) cover the needs of tourists and inhabitants in terms of public services homogenize the typology of developments and the urban landscape Second home buildings Conventional city

16 7 Concluding remarks In mature tourism destinations of the Mediterranean coast in a Metropolitan context, such as the central part of the Costa Daurada, planned areas and new development plans with second homes uses became a tool for the transformation of the whole city As a result, there is a dissolution between second home development areas and the conventional city at local scale, including the harmonization of local urban landscape and the creation of new public facilities and services (even primary schools and basic health services) The planning of public services and facilities is transforming traditional second home areas in good places to live. Planning has been a key factor stimulating/accompanying the process of change

17 International Geographical Union Commission Geography of Tourism, Leisure and Global Change New Perspectives on Second Homes 9 11 June 2014, Stockholm, Sweden Thanks for your attention! M. Trinitat Rovira Soto (mtrinitat.rovira@urv.cat) Salvador Anton Clavé (salvador.anton@urv.cat) Acknowledgement: The research that this paper is based on was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CSO /GEOG). Department of Geography