Hispanic Tourism Geographies: A preliminary review of a process of change

Transcription

1 Hispanic Tourism Geographies: A preliminary review of a process of change Prof. Salvador Anton Clavé Rovira i Virgili University International Seminar: European Regional Perspectives on Tourism Geographies Contrasting Research Approaches and Linguistic Traditions University School of Tourism and Leisure, Rovira i Virgili University, Vila-seca 14th October 2010

2 Some evidence

3 Main Hispanic journals publishing Tourism Geography papers Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles Cadernos de Geografia (P) Cuadernos de Turismo DAG Espaço e Tempo (BR) Estudios Geográficos Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo (AR) Estudios Turísticos Ería Investigaciones Geográficas Papers de Turisme Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural Revista Turismo e Desenvolvimiento (P) Scripta Nova

4 Most cited authors in Spanish Tourism Geography (Authors within the top 100 Spanish Geography Most Cited Authors in papers ) Name University Rank (N/476) Number of Citations International Citations Vera Rebollo, J.F Alicante Anton Clavé, S. Rovira i Virgili Marchena Gómez, M. Sevilla Rullán Salamanca, O Illes Balears Cánoves Valiente, G. UA Barcelona López Palomeque, F. Barcelona Trotiño Vinuesa, M.A. UC Madrid Data from IN-RECS

5 Highly cited papers in Tourism Geography in Spanish Journals (Articles within the 100 Spanish Geography Highly cited papers ) Article Theme Rank Citations Anton, S., López Palomeque, F., Marchena, M. & Vera, J.F. (1996) La investigación turística en España Estudios Turísticos, 129, Tourism Geography 26 Ería, Scripta Nova, Boletín AGE, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale geografie, DAG, Sociología del Trabajo, Boletín RSG, Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, Japanese Journal of Tourism Studies Anton, S. (1998) La urbanización turística. Documents d Anàlisi Geogràfica, 32: Tourism urbanization 26 Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Urbano Rurales, Geoforum, DAG, Boletín AGE, Investigaciones Geográficas, Estudios Geográficos Valenzuela, M. (2003) La residencia secundaria en ámbitos metropolitanos Estudios Turísticos, 155/156: Second homes 67 Geography, Estudios Geográficos, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale geografie, Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, Anales de Geografía de la UC, Fiscal Studies Data from IN-RECS

6 Spanish Tourism Geography papers in international journals. A 2000 s sample Author Year Journal Theme Cànoves, G. & Priestley, G 2003 JH&T Rural Tourism Ivars, J ATR Regional Tourism Planning Gómez Martín, B ATR Climate and Tourism Galí, N. & Donaire, J.A. 2005/2006 TM/JTR Tourism in Heritage Cities Armesto, X. & Gómez, B TESG Rural Tourism Lasanta, T., Laguna, M. & Vicente-Serrano, S.M TM Ski Resorts and Local Development Vera Rebollo, & Ivars, J RS Low Cost Carriers Russo. A.P. & Arias, A 2009 EURS New Mobilites and Urban Tourism González, F. & Miralbell, O 2010 TR Events Anton Clavé, S JPRTLE Leisure Parks Mundet, J. & Coenders, G 2010 JST Leisure Experiences González, J. & Lois, R OUSJ Urban Heritage

7 Themes of Tourism, Recreation and Leisure AGE Group Conferences (I) 1990: Tourism and territory in Spain (Theoretical issues and Regional case studies) 1992: Tourism Geography matters (Tourism and spatial competence / Restructuring of tourism destinations / Types of tourism spaces / Tourism impacts / Geography, tourism education and planning / Tourism and development) 1993: Tourism education, destination restructuring and new market niches in tourism development 1995: Tourism in inland regions and cities (Potential / Experiences / Policies) 1996: Tourism and land use planning (Methods and tools for tourism destinations planning / Policies for the development of new tourism products / Planning successful case studies) 1998:Tourism and the City (Cultural issues in tourism /City marketing)

8 Themes of Tourism, Recreation and Leisure AGE Group Conferences (II) 2000: Tourism and urban change (Tourism, cities and megaevents /Tourism and natural interest areas / Urban heritage) 2002: Geography and Tourism management (Local policies and destination management / ICT and destination management) 2004: Tourism and Spatial Change (Alternative uses in new tourism destinations / Growth in mature destinations) 2006: Old problems (and new solutions) for tourism destinations (Opportunities for urban tourism / Challenges in rural tourism / Restructuring of coastal destinations) 2008: Commercialization, Landscape and Identity (Planning of tourist areas / Landscape, Identity and Image / Analysis and Planning Tools) 2010: Globalization and Crisis (Transportation and cities / Images and cultural representations / Recent evolution and future strategies for destinations)

9 Consolidated research topics Dynamics and evolution of specific modes of tourism in local and regional destinations (coastal, rural, natural, urban, mountain) Links between tourism and land use change Characteristics, change and hierarchies in tourism flows Patterns of second homes location, development and impacts Analysis of sustainable use of tourism resources Tourism and heritage in historic cities Environmental analysis of tourism development and impacts Tools for planning and development of tourism destinations

10 The example of Spanish research into mass tourism development on the Mediterranean coast

11 Current research projects funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation The geoeconomics and geopolitics of tourism. Analysis of touristic glocalisation in the Balearic Islands, socioenvironmental implications PI: Onofre Rullan Salamanca (Balearic Islands University + University of Málaga). Territorial innovation and development models at different coastal tourist destinations. Analysis on different spatial scales. PI: Salvador Anton Clavé (Rovira I Virgili University + Open University of Catalonia). The renovation of consolidated coastal tourist destinations: new tools for planning and management. PI: Fernando Vera Rebollo. (University of Alicante + University of Valencia + Jaume I University )

12 Research interests The role of mass coastal destinations in the dynamics of global capitalism. The clearly urban nature of coastal tourist destinations and the implications / the needs for analysis, planning and management of land use transformation; the localisation of other productive activities; the appearance of real estate-financial strategies of global reach; the connection between the growth of destinations and the new dynamics of social mobility, and the appearance of new innovation environments. The increased importance of processes of renovation/ restructuration of existing consolidated tourist destinations both as regards their tourism competitiveness and, especially, due to the consequences that, in the form of new conflicts, these processes have in environmental and social terms.

13 Key emerging questions The effects of flows towards destination areas in global-local dynamics, both insofar as the conflicts it catalyses and with regard to the dynamics of territorial competitiveness it causes. The role of tourism as a way to accumulate capital in destination areas; its implications in terms of creating environmental inequality and its needs in terms (via the dynamics of renovation/restructuration) of maintaining the activity. The connection between tourism and the creation of urban spaces both from the logic of real estate-financial capital and from the perspective of the productive and reproductive functions located in towns and cities as well as from the point of view of the actual structuring of urban networks and the internal structure of towns and cities. The need to integrate the planning of land use, the conservation of the environment and the landscape into the dynamics of managing tourist areas as an exclusive way towards the sustainability of the processes. The implications that the current processes of renovation/restructuration of destinations have on their own urban metabolism and in relation with changes in people s mobility patterns.

14 Current and future directions

15 A conventional structuralist approach The dominance of a positivist approach to Spanish (and Hispanic) tourism geography can be attributed to the enduring status of Mediterranean and other Spanishspeaking leisure territories as destinations with flows of travellers from other countries where the generation of leisure landscapes is understood as an exogenous process of accommodating physically and culturally a group of users in a given territory, rather than a joint process where the generation of leisure landscapes largely reflects the development of the local society in the wake of tourism and leisure.

16 The challenge of the cultural turn From the hegemony of a positivist approach pivoting on land use, capital accumulation and physical landscapes, to a post-structuralist focus on the subjective discourse of the agents of tourism activity. From structural analysis (either critical/marxist views against tourism and neoclassical studies on tourism growth and land use changes) to cultural studies focusing into the practices of individuals as tourists (timespace behaviour, performativity, innovation, co-creativity). From the concept of host community to the idea of resident population of visited places. From the divergence between two epistemological approaches to a recent convergence between them due to: a global convergence in tourism forms and in travel structures, the consolidation of urban areas (including coastal, rural and mountain destinations) as stereotypical tourist landscapes, and the growing link between Hispanic schools of Tourism Geographies and the international mainstream schools of thought.

17 Emerging issues Some trends in Tourism Geography Wilson, J. (2011) Space, Place and Tourism: New Perspectives in Tourism Geographies. Routledge. Tourism Geographies: Past, Present, Future Approaching Tourism Geographies Themes in Tourism Geographies

18 Approaches Metaspatiality and travel cultures Poststructuralism The critical turn in tourism studies Modernity, consumption and the geography of tourism Gender Queer perspectives Performativity, tourism and space Postcolonialism in tourism Encounter and space in tourism The mobilities turn Time Geography and Tourism Spatial analysis The Economic Geography of Tourism Lifestyle Migration Research Sensuous Geographies of Tourism

19 Themes Environment Rural Creativity Historical Development Place Mass tourism City Coastal Resorts Natural Resources Marketing Gentrification International air transport Landscape

20 Concluding remarks Importance of consolidated research topics such as coastal tourist destinations creation and development, regional and local evolution of specific modes of tourism (rural, natural, urban, mountain), study of the sustainable use of tourism resources, sustainable tourism, tourism and development and impact analysis. Recent development of themes and approaches related to the analysis of demand behaviour, uses of GIS for destination tourism planning and management, transportation and mobilities, leisure, tourism and identity, landscape analysis and international cooperation in tourism. Slow introduction of post-structuralist approaches Need to overcome the dominance of empirical and idiographic studies to start to develop contents and approaches towards the building of a the theoretical and conceptual framework related to the analysis of changes at destinations. Importance of research oriented to planning (strategic and physical) and deeper engagement of tourism geographers in the development and management of tourism activity. Low integration of tourism research carried out by Spanish groups in the main currents and channels of dissemination of thought on an international level and inexistence of networks and systems of permanent exchange between research groups.

21 More about Hispanic Tourism Geographies

22 Some previous reviews López Palomeque, F. (1984) Las investigaciones sobre el turismo en España, Actas del VIII Coloquio de Geografía. AGE, Barcelona, pgs Valenzuela, M. (coord) (1992) Geografía del Turismo y del Ocio, Aportación Española al XXVII Congreso Internacional de la UGI. Fundación BBV, Barcelona, pgs Anton Clavé, S., López Palomeque, F., Marchena, M., & Vera Rebollo, F. (1996) Tourism Research in Spain: The Contribution of Geography ( ) The Tourist Review, 1: García Hernández, M. & Calle Vaquero, M. (2004) La investigación geográfica española en materia de turismo ( ), Anales de Geografía, 24, Hiernaux-Nicolas, D. (2008) El giro cultural y las nuevas interpretaciones geográficas del turismo, Espaço e Tempo, 23, Fernández Tabales, A., García Hernández, M., & Ivars Baidal, J.A. (coords) (2010) La investigación de la Geografía del Turismo en las comunidades autónomas españolas. Orígenes, desarrollo y perspectivas de una disciplina en el horizonte de la Geografía. AGE, Grupo de Geografía del Turismo, Ocio y Recreación. Madrid, 318 pgs.