SOCIOLOGY. Mark Gottdiener. University at Buffalo. Ray Hutchison. UniversityofWisconsin-Green Bay. Michael T. Ryan. Dodge City Community College

Transcription

1 Fifth Edition THE NEW URBAN SOCIOLOGY Mark Gottdiener University at Buffalo Ray Hutchison UniversityofWisconsin-Green Bay Michael T. Ryan Dodge City Community College -0 WESTVIEW PRESS A Member of the Perseus Books Group

2 Preface to the Fifth Edition 1 THE NEW URBAN SOCIOLOGY Urban Regions, 1 Defining the Metropolitan Region, 5 Megacities Around the World, 9 A New Approach to Urban Sodology, 13 Global Capitalism and the Metropolis, 13 Structural Factors in Urban Development, 15 The Imponance of Culture in Metropolitan Life, 17 The Sociospatial Approach, 19 Summary, 21 Key Concepts, 22 Discussion Questions, 22 2 THE ORIGINS OF URBAN LIFE Ancient Urbanization, 30 Classical Cities, 32 Urbanization after AD 1000, 35 The Medieval Order and the Renaissance City, 39 Capitalism and the Rise of the Industrial City, 41 Summary, 47 Key Concepts, 48 lmponant Names, 48 Discussion Questions, 48 xi THE RISE OF URBAN SOCIOLOGY Georg Simmel on the City, V

3 vi Louis Wirth and Urbanism as a Way oflife, 58 The Chicago School ofurban Sociology, 61 From Human Ecology to Urban Ecology, 73 Summary, 76 Key Concepts, 77 lmportant Names, 78 Discussion Questions, 78 4 CONTEMPORARY URBAN SOCIOLOGY Political Economy and the City: Classic Approaches, 80 The Revival of Urban Political Economy: Henri Lefebvre, 84 Class Conflict Theories: Gordon, Storper, and Walker, 86 Capital Accumulation Theory, 88,\pproaches by Urban Sociologists: The Growth Machine Versus the Sociospatial Perspective, 91 Real Estate and Government Intervention, 94 Semiotics and Urban Culture, 97 The Global Economy, 99 Summary: The Sociospatial Perspective, 101 Key Concepts, 102 Discussion Questions, URBANIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES The Stages ofurban Growth, 105 The Colonial Period: 1630 to 1812, 107 The Era oflndustrial Expansion: 1812 to 1920, 111 The Rise of the Metropolis: 1920 to 1960, 120 Summary, 127 Key Concepts, 128 Discussion Questions, SUBURBANIZATION, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE MULTICENTERED REGION Deindustrialization and Globalization: Processes That Have Changed Both Cities and Suburbs Since the l 960s, 136 Globalization and Uneven Development, 138 How Deindustrialization and Globalization Affected Suburbs,

4 vii Beyond Suburbia: The Emergence of the Multinucleated Region, 145 Recent Trends in Metropolitan Regions, 148 The Shift to the Sun Belt, 148 Summary, 156 Key Concepts, 156 Discussion Questions, 157 ] PEOPLE AND LIFESTYLES IN THE METROPOLIS: URBAN AND SUBURBAN CULTURE Class Differences and Spatial Location, 160 Women, Gender Roles, and Space, 170 Gay and Lesbian Communities and Urban Life, 176 The City as a Special Place: Nightlife, Urban Culture, and Regeneration of Downtowns, 177 Urban Culture and City Revitalization, 180 Ethnicity and Immigration, 184 Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Across the Metropolis, 191 Summary, 192 Key Concepts, 192 Discussion Questions, NEIGHBORHOODS AND COMMUNITIES The Search for Community, 195 The Social Survey, 197 The Community Study, 200 Network Analysis: Does Location Matter?, 204 Mental Maps and the Semiotics ofurban Space, 207 Behavior in Public Space, 208 Neighborhood and Community, 211 Summary, 215 Key Concepts, 216 Discussion Questions, METROPOLITAN PROBLEMS: RACISM, POVERTY, CRIME, AND HOUSING The Sociospatial Approach to Social Problems, 220 Racism and Poverty, 222 Increasing lncome lnequality, Unemployment, and Poverty,

5 viii The Housing Crisis and Society's Failure to Provide Adequate Affordable Housing, 229 Homelessness, 232 Crime, 235 Summary, 240 Key Concepts, 241 Discussion Questions, URBANIZATION IN THE DEVELOPED NATIONS Western Europe, 247 Eastern Europe, 263 Japan, 269 Summary, 272 Key Concepts, 27 4 Discussion Questions, URBANIZATION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD Changing Perspectives on Urbanization, 277 The Demographie Transition, 281 Primate City Development Patterns, 284 Shantytown Development, 285 The Informal Economy and Coping Strategies, 288 Urban Social Movements and Politics, 290 Patterns ofurbanization, 292 Summary, 308 Key Concepts, 309 Discussion Questions, M ET ROPOLITAN PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Sprawl, 314 A Short Histoty of Metropolitan Planning, 316 The Sociologyofl..and-Use Planning, 319 Utopian Schemes: Howard, Le Corbusier, and Wright, 322 Planning Critics: Jacobs and Krier, 327 Other Trends in Planning Today, 329 Environmental Issues, 330 Planning and Environmental Issues,

6 ix Summary, 341 Key Concepts, 341 Imponant Narnes, 342 Discussion Questions, METROPOLITAN SOCIAL POLICY 343 The Tragedy of the Commons, 344 Urban Policy: The Political Debate, 346 Uneven Development and Urban Policy, 348 Urban Policy, 352 Privatism and Issues of Social J ustice, 361 The Crisis of Local and State Government, 362 Regional Governance, 363 Summary, 367 Key Concepts, 367 Discussion Questions, THE FUTURE OF URBAN SOCIOLOGY 369 Understanding Our New Urban World, 370 Urban Structure and Urban Culture, 383 The Future of the City, 385 The Future of the Urban Inquiry, 386 Key Concepts, 388 Imponant Narnes, 388 Discussion Questions, 388 Bib/iography 391 Index 419