2 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Transcription

1 2 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 2.1 Administrative Landscape The administrative landscape (KZN Planning Commission 2011: 35) surrounding and within Umgeni Water s area of operation is shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. Changes that occurred in the administrative landscape are: In September 2013, the district municipality DC43, which was formerly called Sisonke District Municipality, became Harry Gwala District Municipality (KZN Provincial Gazette 2013). In October 2013, the spelling for the town of Umzinto was corrected to emuziwezinto (SA Government Gazette 2013). The former three water management areas (WMAs) in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) were amalgamated into one WMA for KZN (Figure 2.3). Proposed changes are: On 8 November 2013, the Minister of the Department of Water Affairs and Environmental Affairs called for comments on the disestablishment of the Mvoti-Mzimkhulu Catchment Management Agency and the establishment of a Pongola-Umzimkhulu Catchment Management Agency. On 15 October 2013, the Municipal Demarcation Board (MDB) announced the municipal boundary changes that will occur after the municipal elections in Of the proposed 29 changes in Umgeni Water s area of operation, 22 have been confirmed by the MDB in their evaluation. The Section 21 Notices in terms of the Municipal Demarcation Act, 1998 listing these changes are available on the MDB website at Notable changes will include: Vulamehlo and Umdoni Municipalities will be combined and amalgamated. Ezinqolweni and Hibiscus Coast Municipalities will be combined and amalgamated. Kwa Sani and Ingwe Municipalities will be combined and amalgamated. Future impacts on Umgeni Water s existing infrastructure are as follows: The ward in which Mhlabatshane Dam (Umzumbe Municipality in Ugu District Municipality, see Section 5.4) is located is being transferred to ubuhlebezwe Municipality in Harry Gwala District Municipality. Albert Falls Dam (see Section 4.4.4) will become completely located in umshwathi Municipality (Albert Falls Dam is currently located in both umshwathi Municipality and umngeni Municipality). Portions of the Greater Eston Bulk Water Supply Scheme (see Section 7.4.8) will fall within ethekwini Municipality, with Ward 5 of Mkhambathini Municipality being transferred to ethekwini Municipality. 5

2 Nungwane Dam will be located in ethekwini Municipality, with a portion of Vulamehlo Municipality being transferred to ethekwini Municipality. Possible effects on proposed infrastructure include: The proposed Smithfield Dam may now be located in both Impendle and Ingwe Municipalities, with the transfer of a portion of Ingwe Municipality to Impendle Municipality (the proposed Smithfield Dam is currently only located in Ingwe Municipality). The proposed Impendle Dam may now be located in both Impendle and KwaSani Municipalities, with the transfer of a portion of Impendle Municipality to KwaSani Municipality (the proposed Impendle Dam is currently only located in Impendle Municipality). 6

3 Figure 2.1 Institutional boundaries (DWA, KZN DoT, MDB, Umgeni Water). 7

4 Figure 2.2 WSAs and their constituent local municipalities (DWA, KZN DoT, MDB, 8 Umgeni Water).

5 Figure 2.3 KwaZulu-Natal Water Management Area (after DWA 2012). The human footprint within Umgeni Water s area of operation is summarised in Figure 2.4 (after KZN PGDS 2011). The KZN PGDS explains that the human footprint depicts human impact on the environment and is related to population density, infrastructure investment and economic activities (2011: 33). The highest levels of human impact are shown to be along the key routes of accessibility viz. the T-junction formed by the N3 and N2 highways. The land cover components of the human footprint are shown in Figure 2.5 at a finer resolution. The increasing trend in the transformation of the natural environment, with urban areas increasing, is shown in Table 2.1 and Figure 2.6 (please note that inaccuracies may be present due to inconsistent scales between each land cover dataset). 9

6 Figure 2.4 Human footprint (International Earth Science Information Network, 10 Columbia University 2011).

7 Figure 2.5 Land cover (EKZN-W 2008). 11

8 Percentage Contribution to Total Land Cover (%) Table 2.1 Changes in land cover ( ). Land Cover Category 1994 (%) 2000 (%) 2005 (%) 2008 (%) Barren Lands Cultivated Land Forest Plantations Forest and Woodland Grassland Mines and Quarries Thicket, Bushland, Scrub Forest and High Fynbos Urban/Built-Up Land Waterbodies Wetlands Total Change in Urban Land Cover ( ) Figure 2.6 Change in urban category of land cover ( ). 12

9 The building density (a Thiessen polygon analysis on Eskom s 2011 Building Count dataset) as shown in Figure 2.7 correlates with the spatial distribution of urban areas as illustrated in Figure 2.6. The settlement footprints, occurring within the urban land cover category (Figure 2.5 and Figure 2.6) as identified by the KZN office of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR), in relation to Umgeni Water s infrastructure are illustrated in Figure 2.8. In addition to the Tjunction (Figure 2.4), Figure 2.7 and Figure 2.8 also show that there is a concentration of people in the shadow corridor which runs parallel to the N2 highway. These concentrations of people show the areas in which there is a high potable water demand. It is shown in Figure 2.9 and Figure 2.10 that whilst Harry Gwala District Municipality has the largest surface area within Umgeni Water s area of operation, it only contributes 7.38% ( people) to the number of people, whilst ethekwini Municipality has the highest number of people ( people) but the second smallest surface area. The change in the number of people per WSA for the period is shown in Figure The change in the population growth rates (percentage per annum) for the periods and is shown in Figure This figure shows that whilst ethekwini WSA and Msunduzi WSA are still experiencing positive growth rates, certain municipalities in Harry Gwala WSA and Ugu WSA have decreased to negative growth rates. The growth in Umgungundlovu WSA and Ilembe WSA, whilst still positive for certain municipalities, has slowed down. 13

10 Figure 2.7 Thiessen polygon analysis showing proximity of buildings to one another (per m 2 ) (after Eskom 2011). 14

11 Figure 2.8 Settlement footprints (DRDLR 2009, ethekwini Municipality 2009). 15

12 Surface Area (km 2 ) of WSAs Cartogram of Number of People per WSA (Census 2011) Contribution of WSA Surface Area to UW Operational Area Contribution of Number of People per WSA to UW Operational Area Umgungundlovu % Harry Gwala % ethekwini % Ugu % The Msunduzi % Harry Gwala Ilembe 7% % The Msunduzi % Umgungundlovu % ethekwini % Ilembe % Ugu % WSA Name Area (sq. km) Percentage Contribution Per Area Percentage Contribution per Number of People Number of People (Census 2011) ethekwini Ugu The Msunduzi Ilembe Harry Gwala Umgungundlovu Figure 2.9 Contribution per number of people (Census 2011) and surface area to UW s operational area. 16

13 Surface Area of WSAs (km 2 ) Cartogram of Number of Households per WSA (Census 2011) Contribution of WSA Surface Area to UW Operational Area Contribution of Number Households per WSA to UW Operational Area ethekwini % Harry Gwala % Umgungundlovu % Ugu The 16% Msunduzi % Ilembe % Ilembe % The Msunduzi % Ugu % Harry Gwala % ethekwini % Umgungundlovu % WSA Name Area (sq. km) Percentage Contribution Per Area Percentage Contribution per Number of Households Number of Households (Census 2011) ethekwini Ugu The Msunduzi Ilembe Harry Gwala Umgungundlovu Figure 2.10 Contribution per number of households (Census 2011) and surface area to UW s operational area. 17

14 Number of People Ugu Umgungundlovu Msunduzi Harry Gwala Ilembe ethekwini 1996 Population Population Population Figure 2.11 Change in number of people per WSA for 1996, 2001 and 2011 (Stats SA 2013). Figure 2.12 Change in population growth rate (percentage per annum) for and for (Stats SA 2013). 18