DISCOVERING AND ACCESSING SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA OF EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: TRENDS AND OBSTACLES

Transcription

1 DISCOVERING AND ACCESSING SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA OF EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: TRENDS AND OBSTACLES JUNGWON YANG UNIVERISTY OF MICHIGAN IASSIST CONFERENCE 2014

2 Interdisciplinary Studies in Social Science The increasing use of geographic information system (GIS), combined with the wider availability of sub-national statistics For example, Sinclair (2011) : voting behavior in New Orleans Neckerman (2009) and Ghiradelli (2010) : public health & social policy Apparcicio (2008) : urban policy

3 The Data Visualization Class Project, the University of Michigan School of Information (Winter 2014)

4 The OECD Global Science Forum Report (2013) Information about the existence of micro-data and the availability for the re-use is often difficult to find. Moreover, the language barrier, legal, cultural, and technological obstacles often exacerbate the difficulties of reusing the discovered data.

5 Question What kinds of geospatial and sub-national statistics on China, Korea, and Japan have been recently developed? What obstacles researchers have encountered in using the data in their research?

6 China Data Collection The National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) collects sub-national statistics No geospatial data from government agency. Data Distribution Fee-based database The China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI ) China Data Center

7 China: Fee-based Databases CNKI (Chinese only) Statistical Yearbook ( ), Health Science Yearbook ( ), Financial Yearbook ( ) China Data Center ( ICPSR, U of Michigan) China Data Online : Statistics China Geo-explorer : Web-based spatial data Unlike ArcGIS software, users cannot combine the data which they create with the data of China Geo-explorer. China Geo-Explorer II: Export geospatial data as a shapefile.

8 China: Historical Geospatial Data The China in Time and Space (CITAS), U of Washington The vectorized count level base maps Georeferenced Socioeconomic Data ( ) The Socioeconomic Data and Application center (SEDAC), NASA CHGIS V4, Harvard Yenching Institution Time series data (221 BC CE) 1820 data : spatial data of territory of the Qing Dynasty ChinaW data (UC Davis) : data : spatial data for the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Zhili for the year 1911 CITAS data (1990 & 1997)

9 China data from the Academic Institutions in the U.S. Non-governmental organizations tend to collect subnational data targeted toward a particular context or issue (Thompson, 2010). The academic institutes which provide open geospatial data are more likely to archive their data into other bigger and stabilized academic institutions. Good metadata, citation, and copyright information

10 Korea : sub-national statistics The Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) English version : provincial level of subnational statistics Korean version : municipal level

11 Korea: Geospatial Data The National Geographic Information Institution of Korea (NGII) Aerial photos ( ), satellite images ( ), orthophotos ( ) and DEM files ( ) The National Image Exchange (NIX) : JPEG image + metadata The information disclosure act of Korea

12 Korea: Geospatial Data The National Geographic Information Institution of Korea (NGII) Aerial photos ( ), satellite images ( ), orthophotos ( ) and DEM files ( ) The National Image Exchange (NIX) : JPEG image + metadata The information disclosure act of Korea Access to NGII s data from a foreign IP address is strictly prohibited Alternative option?

13 Korea: Geospatial Data The National Geographic Information Institution of Korea (NGII) Aerial photos ( ), satellite images ( ), orthophotos ( ) and DEM files ( ) The National Image Exchange (NIX) : JPEG image + metadata The information disclosure act of Korea Access to NGII s data from a foreign IP address is strictly prohibited Alternative option? Use geospatial data service of local governments

14 Korea: Geospatial data of local governments Seoul metropolitan city map service English version map service for tourists vs. Korean version map service for academic research uses Article 21 of the Public Survey and Overseas Export Ban Act

15 Korea The majority of provincial governments (군,gun) and metropolitan cities of Korea provide GIS information for their regions. Technical problem Overlay, download customized map Internet Explorer package installation requirement Good news! The Korean central and local governments have a strong interest to develop and distribute geospatial data as well as the sub-national statistics to the public. However, the GIS information service is mainly developed in order to serve the Korean citizens. Some geospatial data are illegible for acquisition from overseas.

16 Japan The Statistics Bureau and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication : both statistics and geospatial data E-Stat for sub-national statistics Currently, the geocoded census data ( 2000, 2005, and 2010), the establishment and enterprise census (2001 and 2006), the economic census data (2009), and the census of agriculture and forestry data (2005 and 2010) can be downloaded in the shapefile format. Interactive map service (Japanese only) in e-stat

17 Japan : geospatial The Global Map Japan database of the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI), the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Tourism Land Cover, vegetation, administrative boundary, population, and transportation data The collection and distribution procedures of government data in Japan is highly centralized. They are more willing to share their geospatial data with the overseas users compared to the Korean and Chinese governments.

18 Trends and Obstacles Data Collection and Distribution Most of the Chinese sub-national statistics are not available from the government website, but all subnational statistics of Korea and Japan are freely available from their Statistics Bureau websites. Geospatial data China: fee-based database Korea: focused on Korean citizen Japan : little restriction to overseas users

19 Trends and Obstacles Reliability of Data China data, especially China Data Online Language Barrier Korean and Japanese data, in particular interactive map service Technological concern Korea: Internet Explorer package installation requirement China Geo-explorer : no overlay option, out-of-dated data

20 Conclusion We can find quite a large amount of subnational statistics and geospatial data from the governments, as well as academic institutions in the United States. However, the reliability of data issue (China), the language barrier (Korea and Japan), the copyright and legal restriction (China and Korea), and technical issue ( China and Korea) make it difficult for researchers to find and use the data of East Asian countries. In the academic library setting, collaboration and partnership among the data librarians, area specialists, and copyright librarians will be critical in order to overcome these legal, cultural, and technical issues and to support the social scientists interdisciplinary studies.

21 Thank you Any Question? Image source: com/

22 EndNote Apparicio, P., Seguin, A. and Naud, D. (2008). The Quality of the Urban Environment Around Public Housing Building in Montreal: An Objective Approach Based on GIS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Soc Indic Res 86, pp DOI /s Bosak, Keith and Schroeder, Kathleen (2005). Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Gender and Development, Development in Practice, Vol 15. No.2. pp Chua, H. (2012) Indiastat and China Data Center Online: an evaluation and comparison, Reference Reviews 26(2) Ganapati, Sukumar (2011), Uses of Public Participation Geographic Information Systems Applications in EGovernment, Public Administration Review, May/June 2011, pp Ghiradeli, A., Quinn, V., and Foerster, S. (2010). Using Geographic Information Systems and Local Food Store Data in California's Low-Income Neighborhoods to Inform Community Initiative and Resources, American Journal of Public Health, 100(11). pp Imai, Hiroshi, Keiko Imai, Kazuo Inaba, and Koichi Kubota. "GIS Infrastructure in Japan Developments and Algorithmic Researches." Nontraditional Database Systems 5 (2003): 130. Li, Yingru (2012). The spatial variation of China s regional inequality in human development, Regional Science Policy & Principle, 4(3). pp Neckerman, K., Lovasi, G., Davies, S., Purciel, M., Quinn, J., Feder, E., Raghunath, N., Wasserman, B., and Rundle, A. (2009). Disparities in Urban Neighborhood Conditions: Evidence from GIS Measures and Field Observation in New York City, Journal of Public Health Policy, 30, pp Sinclair, B., Hall,T., and Alvarez, M. (2011). Flooding the Vote: Hurricane Katrina and Voter Participation in New Orleans, American Politics Research, 39(5) pp doi: / x Thompson, Kristi Data in Development: an Overview of Microdata on Developing Countries, IASSIST Quarterly Winter/Spring 2010 Available Online: file:///users/yangjw/documents/iqvol334_341thompson.pdf Ubaldi,B (2013), Open Government Data : Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No.22. OECD Publishing. West, Amy., Sources for International Trade, Prices, Production, and Consumption IASSIST Quarterly Winter/Spring 2010 Available Online: