SWCNTs Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Transcription

1 Carbon Nanotubes - CNTs 1 SWCNTs Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes 2

2 Carbon Nanotubes - Growth 3 Carbon Nanotubes Building Principles 4

3 Carbon Nanotubes Building Principle 5 Carbon Nanotubes Building Principle 6

4 Carbon Nanotubes Building Principle 7 Carbon Nanotubes Building Principle 8

5 Carbon Nanotubes Building Principles 9 Dynamics of C-NTs 10

6 Strength of CNTs SPER ETH ZÜRICH 11 Strength of CNTs 12

7 SWCNT Plastic Deformation 13 Carbon Nanotubes edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.hmtl ZÜRICH SPER ETH Characterization of each individual set of nanoparticles necessary Density: 1.35 g/cm 3 Resistivity 10-4 wcm Maximum Current Density 10 9 A/cm 2 Thermal Conductivity ~2000 W/mK Relaxation Time ~10-11 s Elastic Behavior Young's Modulus (SWNT) ~1 TPa Young's Modulus (MWNT) 1.28 TPa Maximum Tensile Strength ~100 GPa 14

8 Next Generation Aerospace Material?? ZÜRICH SPER ETH Carbon Nanotube Nanotube Fiber Nanotube/ Polymer Ultra Nanostructured Composite 15 Self Similar Helical Modeling ZÜRICH SWCN Lattice Dymanics Self Similar Analysis Polymer Polymer Polymer Micro- Mechanics + Self Similar Analysis Micro- Mechanics + Self Similar Analysis Micro- Mechanics + Self Similar Analysis SPER ETH Microfiber Nanoarray Nano-wire Lamina 16

9 Self-Similar Scales SPER ETH ZÜRICH x 10-9 m SWCN 1.48 x 10-8 m SWCN Nano Array 1.68 x 10-7 m SWCN Nano Wire 1.92 x 10-6 m SWCN Micro Fiber 17 Self-Similar Scales SPER ETH ZÜRICH Diameter = 1.92 x 10-6 m Length = 1.0 x 10 3 m 1.7 x x 10 8 Number of nanotubes 1.6 x SWCN 18

10 Self-Similar Properties ZÜRICH SPER ETH Specific c Modul lus (GPa a) SWCN α=10 α=20 Nano- Nano- Micro- Lamina array wire fiber Carbon Fiber 0 1.E-10 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 Diameter (m) 19 C-Nanotubes - Forms 20

11 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes SPER ETH ZÜRICH Synthesis below 500 o C D ~ 0.34 nm 21 C-Nanotubes Multiwall Connections 22

12 Helices, Springs, Actuators 23 Other new CNTs? 24

13 Building Faults, Properties, Electronics ZÜRICH & SPER ETH 5+7 ring => Diode But contact resistance!! Semicond. / metallic CNT transistor But no control on helicity!! 25 Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTs and Other C Nanoparticles 5 T < 500 C 26

14 Carbons All Pasta and Infinite Set? 27 Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTs and Other C Nanoparticles SPER ETH ZÜRICH Fish bone structures 28

15 Low Temperature Syntheses of CNTs SPER ETH ZÜRICH Fish bone structures 29 Cones, Bamboos etc. A. Ivantchenko, R. Nesper 30

16 Storage in CNTs SPER ETH ZÜRICH In a recent work of Baker and Rogriguez [1] indicate a very large specific hydrogen storage capacity in carbon nanotubes (CNT`s) and in herringbone materials. Yet, these results have not been confirmed by any research group in the world [1,2,3,6,7,8], but nevertheless they gave rise to enhanced activity in the field of carbon-based hydrogen storage on the theoretical and on the experimental side. 31 H 2 Storage in C-NTs? wrong!! SPER ETH ZÜRICH Baker & Rodriguez 65wt%!!??? M. Parrinello max. 14wt% 32

17 Catalyst Patterning for Growth of CNTs 33 Hierarchical Order Aggregations 34

18 Hierarchical Order Carpets Predefined 35 Hierarchical Order Carpets etc. 36

19 SPER ETH ZÜRICH Carbon Nanotubes Models ( ( edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.hmtl) 37 Filling of Carbon Nanotubes 38

20 Valence & conduction bands ZÜRICH SPER ETH Elastic strain STM topography Atomic resolution SWT bundle 39 Applications of CNTs - Thermocouple 40

21 Tube-in-Tube ZÜRICH & SPER ETH E F E F 41 Field Emission Displays 42

22 SPER ETH ZÜRICH (C)NT-Applications ion sensor emission tip actuator?? nano tips Conductor rectifyer transitor sensor 43 ZÜRICH C-NT Sensor Surface electron conductance p strongly change conductivity SPER ETH Adsorbed species gases liquids solutions leads 44

23 ZÜRICH SPER ETH Next Generation Aerospace Material Carbon Nanotube Nanotube Fiber Nanotube/ Polymer Ultra Nanostructured Composite Self Similar Helical Modeling ZÜRICH SWCN Lattice Dymanics Self Similar Analysis Polymer Polymer Polymer Micro- Mechanics + Self Similar Analysis Micro- Mechanics + Self Similar Analysis Micro- Mechanics + Self Similar Analysis SPER ETH Microfiber Nanoarray Nano-wire Lamina

24 Self-Similar Scales SPER ETH ZÜRICH x 10-9 m SWCN 1.48 x 10-8 m SWCN Nano Array 1.68 x 10-7 m SWCN Nano Wire 1.92 x 10-6 m SWCN Micro Fiber Self-Similar Scales SPER ETH ZÜRICH Diameter = 1.92 x 10-6 m Length = 1.0 x 10 3 m 1.7 x x 10 8 Number of nanotubes 1.6 x SWCN

25 Self-Similar Properties ZÜRICH SPER ETH Specific c Modul lus (GPa a) SWCN α=10 α=20 Nano- Nano- Micro- Lamina array wire fiber Carbon Fiber 0 1.E-10 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 Diameter (m) New Carbons? 50

26 Derivates of Graphite ZÜRICH SPER ETH Graphit T = C??? [CF] x, x= Exfoliate Graphite Intercalation Compounds? 52

27 Heterographites ZÜRICH SPER ETH??? MgB 2 AlB 2 MgB 2 C 2 LiBC 53 Graphite-related related Superconductors ZÜRICH SPER ETH The superconducting materials demonstrate a zero electrical resistivity in a certain range of temperature, current and magnetic field. Their maximum values are called: critical temperature (T C ) critical current density (J C ) critical magnetic field (H C ) MgB 2 Ca x -graphite MgB 2 C 2 Yb x -graphite LiBC Li 0.5 BC T c =90K AlB 2 54

28 Superconductivity - MgB 2 vs LiBC and MgB 2 C 2 SPER ETH ZÜRICH MgB 2 MgB 2 C 2 LiBC Li 0.5 BC T c =90K 55 MgB 2 and its Analoga Wire Preparation? SPER ETH ZÜRICH Mg-Melt LiB MgB 2 [B=B=B=B=] B B B WO /2002 n J.M. Reinoso, F. Ottinger, M. Wörle, R. Nesper, Method for producing a super-conducting material made of MgB 2, Patent No 56

29 Morphologie Preserving Transformation ZÜRICH SPER ETH 182 C 300 C 450 C 550 C 700 C molten Litium crystalline Boron Li-B liquid solution LiB x formation MgB 2 formation -Under continuous stirring Boron dissolves into molten Lithium, forming an high malleable, low density, metallic solid solution -The wire is dropped into crucible just the time to coat it the -The coated wire is placed into the furnace untill the metallic glittering desappears -The LiB wire is kept into the crucible of molten Magnesium for about t15 min. - Sbli Sublimation of fm Mg /M Mg x Li y under High vacuum, 630 C, 8h 57 Preparing Wires and Rods SPER ETH ZÜRICH Li-B mixture LiB x compound MgB 2 - The inner part does not react completely - The resulting coating is highly porous - Formation of oxidic layer can occur between the wire and the coating 58

30 Magnetic Measurements ZÜRICH SPER ETH pure MgB 2 Long Moment (emu) MgB2_Mo Bloop 5 K ong Moment (emu) Lo χ =f(h) Applied Field (G) LiMg_hwMg1 (10 G) χ =f(t) Temperature (K) 59 Heterographites ZÜRICH SPER ETH MgB 2 MgB 2 C 2 LiBC Li 0.5 BC T c =90K??? Scrolled Ionic Compounds? 60

31 Chaoite Substitute? SPER ETH ZÜRICH LiB 0.89 [B=B=B=B=] B B B n 61