AP Biology Summer Assignment

Transcription

1 AP Biology Summer Assignment Ms. Chulapatrcheevin Hello lovely students! Welcome to AP Biology. To prepare for the rigor of the year ahead you will be completing the following assignments. Remember, biology is about approaching the study of life with curiosity, and seeing the complexity, mystery, and beauty of the natural world. Complete your assignments, have some fun, and don t wait until August to start! All parts of your summer assignment are due the second day of class: August 15, Part I: Read Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in Campbell s Biology textbook. Complete the attached study guides. Be prepared for an assessment and discussion on the first week of class. You will find an online textbook and additional resources at: Part II: Biology Research Presentation Outline In first semester, you will give a presentation about a science research question of your choosing. Your presentation will be 8-10 minutes in length, and your date will be assigned the first week of school. This summer, choose a research question, summarize your topic, and find five (5) sources with information on your topic. See example below. You may choose any research topic, as long as it is based in science, and you find it interesting! Part III: Bonus Assignments (optional) Choose one or more of the following, each written response should be at least one page, single spaced. 1. Go to the tide pools/snorkeling /scuba diving. Take a photo of yourself. Take photos of 5 organisms and explain the limiting factors that might affect them, their special adaptations, and in which tidal zone they would be found. 2. Visit a zoo/botanical garden/aquarium. Attach ticket stub and take a picture with a sign to show evidence you were there. Take pictures of 5 different animals/plants there and describe the biome in which they live in and any special characteristics/adaptations they have. 3. See a science movie (science fiction is fine). Attach the ticket stub and take a photo of you being there (or in front of your TV). Describe 5 science themes you were able to find while watching the movie. 4. Explore your backyard/neighborhood. Take a photo with 5 plants/animals that are native to southern California. Discuss the organisms adaptations and where you found them. How do you know they are native species? 5. Go on a nature hike (suggestions: Peter s Canyon, Irvine Regional, Crystal Cove, etc.) Take a photo with a sign to show that you were there. Take pictures of 5 different plants/animals you see. Write about your hike. You should discuss the biome in which you are in and any characteristics, special adaptations you find in the plants/animals. See anything interesting? What trails did you go on? Did you get lost?

2 Sample: Biology Research Presentation Outline Research Question: Your question should be specific. For example: Can endangered areas and animals be saved by helping local people develop alternative economies like raising tropical fish or ecotourism? Summary: Provide a 1-2 paragraph summary of the science issues that you will be researching. While few would question that conserving a certain percentage of land or water is good for society overall, it has long been believed that protected areas economically impoverish, rather than enrich, communities living adjacent to them. Many communities worldwide have protested against the establishment of conservation areas near them, fearing that less access and increased regulations would imperil their livelihoods. However, a surprising study overturns the common wisdom: showing that, at least in Thailand and Costa Rica, protected areas actually boost local economies and decrease poverty. Protected areas can help local economies by attracting tourists who spend money in nearby communities, by protecting ecosystem services (such as water provision, flood protection, generation of non-timber forest products) which increase productivity, or through improved infrastructure and institutional development. However, protected areas also impose costs by restricting access to land and natural resources. So the question is whether the benefits can actually outweigh the costs at the local level. Bibliography You need FIVE sources, in MLA format. Angrist, Laurel. Can Ecotourism Save Endangered Species? The Travel Word, 22 May 2012, Frisvold, George. The Economics of Endangered Species. Resources for the Future, 25 Oct. 2010, Griffith University. "Can ecotourism save endangered species? Research explores the critical difference between survival, extinction." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18 February Hance, Jeremy. Environment vs. Economy. Mongabay, 12 June 2011, news.mongabay.com/2011/06/environment-versus-economy-local-communities-find-economicbenefits-from-living-next-to-conservation-areas/. Ralf C. Buckley, Clare Morrison, J. Guy Castley. Net Effects of Ecotourism on Threatened Species Survival. PLOS ONE, 2016; 11 (2): e DOI: /journal.pone

3 Unit 1 Study Guide: Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Vocabulary (define each): 1. Potential energy 2. Kinetic energy 3. Neutrons 4. Protons 5. Electrons 6. Atomic number 7. Atomic weight 8. Isotope 9. Valence 10. Structural formula 11. Molecular formula 12. Covalent bond 13. Polar 14. Nonpolar 15. Cation 16. Anion 17. Hydrogen bond Study Questions: 1. Give and explain examples of potential energy and kinetic energy. 2. How do elements differ from compounds? 3. Describe atomic structure using the terms proton, neutron, electron, mass number and orbital. Indicate what is meant by electrons in an "excited state" and those in a "ground state" 4. Explain what an isotope is and give two important physical properties of isotopes that make them useful in biological research. Define half-life. 5. Using diagrams, explain how an ion forms in an ionic bond. 6. Diagram a covalent bond and explain how it differs from an ionic bond. 7. How does the structure of an atom relate to its chemical properties and to the type of chemical bond it forms? 8. Describe weak chemical bonds and explain their role in the organization of living things. 9. Which elements are essential to life? Distinguish between the majority elements and trace elements. 10. Diagram and describe the bonding properties of the following atoms: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. 11. What is the difference between 12 C and 14 C? What is 14 C called? Why is this atom biologically important? 12. What is a valence electron? Why are they important? 13. Draw a structural formula for the following. Are each polar or non-polar? Explain CH4 NaCl O2 H2O 14. How is a molecule s molecular shape determined? How does this impact it s biological function? 15. Describe the properties of a chemical equation. What does it mean to be at equilibrium?

4 Unit 1 Study Guide - Chapter 3: Water & Chapter 4: Carbon 1. Draw two water molecules, add + and - signs to indicate the charged regions of each molecule. Then, indicate the hydrogen bonds. 2. Explain hydrogen bonding. How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form? 3. Distinguish between cohesion and adhesion. 4. Which is demonstrated when you see beads of water on a waxed car hood? Which property explains the ability of a water strider to walk on water? 5. Water has high specific heat. What does this mean? How does water s specific heat compare to alcohol s specific heat? Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to water s high specific heat. 6. Summarize how water s high specific heat contributes to the moderation of temperature. How is this property important to life? 7. Define evaporation. What is heat of vaporization? Explain at least three effects of this property on living organisms. 8. Ice floats! So what? Consider what would happen if ponds and other bodies of water accumulated ice at the bottom. Describe why this property of water is important. Now, explain why ice floats. Why is 4 C the critical temperature? 9. Distinguish between hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Give an example of each. 10. You already know that some materials, such as olive oil, will not dissolve in water. In fact, oil will float on top of water. Explain this property in terms of hydrogen bonding. 11. What two ions form when water dissociates? 12. Even a slight change in ph can be harmful! How do buffers moderate ph change? 13. How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds can carbon form? What type of bonds does it form with other elements? 14. Carbon chains form skeletons. List here the types of skeletons that can be formed. 15. What is a hydrocarbon? Name two. Are hydrocarbons hydrophobic or hydrophilic? 16. There are seven chemical groups important in biological processes that you should know. 17. Using your text, complete the following chart. Hydroxyl Carbonyl Carboxyl Amino Sulfhydryl Phosphate Methyl Structure Example Functional Properties 18. Match the terms below to the correct functional group: a. NH2 b. Can form cross-links that stabilize protein structure c. Key component of ATP d. Can affect gene expression e. CH3

5 Unit 1 Study Guide Chapter 5: Large Biological Molecules 1. Name the four main classes of large molecules. Which ones are macromolecules? Define macromolecule. 2. What is a polymer? What is a monomer? Monomers are connected in what type of reaction? What occurs in this reaction? Large molecules (polymers) are converted to monomers in what type of reaction? 3. Consider the following reaction: C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 a. The equation is not balanced; it is missing a molecule of water. Write it in on the correct side of the equation. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 b. Polymers are assembled and broken down in two types of reactions: dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Which kind of reaction is this? c. Is C6H12O6 (glucose) a monomer, or a polymer? d. To summarize, when two monomers are joined, a molecule of is always removed. 4. Why can you not digest cellulose? What organisms can? 5. Draw a fatty acid chain that is eight carbons long and is unsaturated. Circle the section in your chain that makes it unsaturated, and explain what this means. 6. Why are many unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature? 7. List four important functions of fats. 8. Draw a phospholipid and label the phosphate group, the glycerol, and the fatty acid chains. Also indicate the region that is hydrophobic and the region that is hydrophilic. 9. The monomers of proteins are amino acids. Sketch an amino acid here. Label the alpha or central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, and R group. 10. What is represented by R? How many are there? 11. Define these terms: peptide bond, dipeptide, polypeptide. 12. Besides mutation, which changes the primary structure of a protein, protein structure can be changed by denaturation. Define denaturation, and give at least three ways a protein may become denatured. 13. The components of a nucleic acid are a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Diagram a nucleic acid and label each part. 14. There are five nitrogen bases. Indicate which four are found in DNA vs RNA. 15. How do ribose and deoxyribose sugars differ? 16. Why are the strands of DNA said to be antiparallel? 17. In a DNA double helix, a region along one DNA strand has this sequence of nitrogenous bases: 5'-T A G G C C T-3'. Write the complementary strand. Indicate the 5' and 3' ends of the new strand.