Biology Keystone (PA Core) Quiz The Chemical Basis for Life - (BIO.A ) Water Properties, (BIO.A ) Carbon, (BIO.A.2.2.

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1 Biology Keystone (PA Core) Quiz The Chemical Basis for Life - (BIO.A ) Water Properties, (BIO.A ) Carbon, (BIO.A ) Macromolecules Student Name: Teacher Name: Jared George 1) The first step in the scientific method is to A) state the problem. C) gather information. form a hypothesis. state the conclusion. Date: Score: 2) The long distance water movement, from roots up to leaves, of the water transport in large plants depends on one unique property of water. Water's unique property of allows water molecules to stick together so they can be pulled upward by the force of transpiration. A) adhesion C) indention cohesion retention

2 3) Water's makes it an excellent solvent for salts, like sodium chloride, as well as other substances required by cells to carry out metabolic processes. A) ph C) specific heat polarity molecular weight 4) Volume and Density versus Water Temperature Temperature (Celsius) Volume of gram of water (cc or ml) Density ( g/cc or g/ml) 0 (ice) Water changes volume with changing temperature. Water's volume increases very rapidly between 0 degrees Celsius and 4 degrees Celsius as the water freezes and becomes ice. The percent of volume increase between these states of matter at 0 degrees and 4 degrees is A) 1% C) 9% 4% 10% 5) Because water is a polar molecule, it makes an excellent solvent for polar and compounds found within cells and tissues. A) ionic C) nonpolar lipid oil-based

3 6) Water molecules are due to bonding. This property helps water molecules to stick to each other and allows for the movement of water from plant roots up to plant leaves. A) cohesive; ionic C) adhesive; hydrogen cohesive; hydrogen adhesive; covalent 7) The students in Ms. Hill's science class were investigating the properties of water. They placed a piece of celery in a beaker of blue water. The next day, the celery was no longer green, but blue, all the way up to the leaves. What property of water BEST explains why the blue water moved up the celery stalk? A) buoyancy C) surface tension specific heat capillary action 8) Which statement BEST explains why the specific heat of water is higher than the specific heat of most other substances? A) Due to its polarity water can absorb heat without a significant temperature change. Due to the hydrogen bonding in liquid water, it takes more heat energy to reach boiling. C) Because water is a covalent compound, it takes a lot of energy to change its kinetic energy. Water has a higher density value than most substances and requires more energy to change the temperature. 9) Water's explains why this substance helps to regulate body temperature as well as the Earth's climate. A) neutral ph C) high specific heat covalent bonds small molecular mass 10) Water can absorb more heat than land, but water does not increase in temperature as fast because it has a high A) polarity. C) heat capacity. surface area. surface tension. 11) All organic molecules have what element in common? A) carbon C) phosphorus nitrogen sulfur 12) The macromolecules in biochemistry are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. What main elements do all of these have in common? A) carbon and sulfur C) oxygen and nitrogen carbon and hydrogen oxygen and phosphorus

4 13) What element is found in all organic compounds? A) carbon C) oxygen nitrogen water 14) According to theories concerning the origin of life, the atom shown is a likely choice for the basic element of all livings things because it A) is small and unstable. C) forms four ionic bonds with other elements and itself. is relatively stable and can form four covalent bonds. is large and takes up enough space to fill the structure of a cell. 15) All living things are made of organic compounds which contain the element A) carbon. C) oxygen. hydrogen. phosphorus. 16) lipid protein amino acid nucleic acid carbohydrate All of these organic molecules are - based molecules. A) carbon C) oxygen hydrogen water 17) The variety of functional groups in organic compounds can be explained by the fact that A) carbon atoms can form branches, long chains and rings. carbon atoms can bond with several other common elements. C) carbon atoms are usually attached to one or more hydrogen atoms. carbon atoms are much less electronegative than the other common atoms. 18) four valence electrons can form rings and/or chains unique chemical bonding properties forms covalent bonds with numerous elements Some of the characteristics of are listed. These characteristics result in the formation of millions of organic compounds, many of which are synthesized and found within cells. A) carbon C) oxygen hydrogen water

5 19) Carbon atoms are able to form long chains, while oxygen atoms cannot. What is a plausible reason for this difference? A) Carbon is much less electronegative than oxygen. A carbon atom is very large compared to an oxygen atom. C) Chains of oxygen atoms can only be joined by single bonds. The bond energy of O-O single bonds is too small for stable chains. 20) Because this element is the basis of organic substances, its unstable isotope,, can be used to find the age of organic material found in fossils. A) carbon-12 C) einsteinium-254 carbon-14 nitrogen-14 21) Which type of macromolecule is made of amino acids? A) carbohydrate C) lipid DNA protein 22) One of the monosacchrides is a building block of a plant's cell wall. It is A) glucose C) mannose maltose sucrose 23) Which biomolecule is part of the structure of ATP, nucleotides, and nucleic acids? A) catalase C) ribose glucose ribulase 24) There are twenty different types of which join together in differing sequences and numbers to form different proteins. A) fatty acids C) nucleic acids amino acids monosaccharides 25) Cells produce a variety of carbohydrates, including starch, glycogen and cellulose. The monomers of these large compounds are monosaccharides, such as the glucose molecule seen here. Cells assemble carbohydrates through dehydration synthesis, which means a(n) molecule is removed when the monomers are bonded together. A) water C) oxygen sugar carbon dioxide

6 26) Proteins are composed of chains of which are joined together with peptide bonds. A) fatty acids C) nucleic acids amino acids monosaccharides 27) Match the following carbohydrate molecules with the class of molecule that they belong to: Molecules: (I) Glucose; (II) Starch; (III) Sucrose Classes: A) Polysaccharides Disaccharides C) Monosaccharides A) I-A; II-B; III-C C) I-C; II-A; III-B I-B; II-A; III-C I-C; II-B; III-A 28) Proteins are different based on number and type of contained in their polypeptide chain(s). A) fatty acids C) nucleic acids amino acids monosaccharides 29) DNA, RNA, and starch: What do these three important biomolecules have in common? A) They all contain at least one carboxyl group. C) The presence of at least one carbon-based sugar. The presence of strong hydrogen bonds between monomers. They all contain at least one amino group composed of a nitrogen atom. 30) Cells make a large number of complex molecules called polymers. These include carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, as well as lipids and proteins. Whenever a polymer is produced within the cell, smaller molecules, or monomers, are bonded together in a process called dehydration synthesis. When cells produce polymers, such as carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins, chemically bonding the monomers together results in the formation of A) a water molecule at each bonding site. C) a diatomic oxygen molecule at each bonding site. strong hydrogen bonds between the monomers. the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.