Chapter 15 Study Questions

Transcription

1 Chapter 15 Study Questions Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following describes lipids? a. used to store energy c. make up most of the cell membrane b. do not dissolve in water d. all of the above 2. An acid reacts to produce carbon dioxide when the acid is added to a. water. c. salt. b. limestone. d. sodium hydroxide. 3. Which of the following does NOT describe ionic compounds? a. high melting point b. brittle c. do not conduct electric currents in water d. dissolve easily in water 4. An increase in the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution the ph. a. raises c. does not affect b. lowers d. doubles 5. Which of the following compounds makes up the majority of cell membranes? a. lipids c. acids b. ionic compounds d. nucleic acids 6. The compounds that store information for building proteins are a. lipids. c. nucleic acids. b. hydrocarbons. d. carbohydrates. 7. Hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood, is a a. carbohydrate. c. protein. b. lipid. d. nucleic acid. 8. Which of the following make up over 90 percent of all known compounds? a. ionic compounds c. basic compounds b. organic compounds d. aromatic compounds 9. Vitamins that do not dissolve in water are stored in a. lipids. c. carbohydrates. b. proteins. d. nucleic acids. 10. The unique layered structure of cell membranes is due to molecules. a. protein c. cholesterol b. cellulose d. phospholipid 11. Glucose is a a. wax. c. simple carbohydrate. b. starch. d. complex carbohydrate. 12. Of the following, in equal concentrations, a has the lowest ph. a. salt c. strong acid b. strong base d. None of the above 13. Which of these statements about proteins is NOT correct? a. Certain proteins provide structural support for cells. b. Proteins are involved in the transport of molecules across membranes. c. The function of a protein depends on its shape. d. Nucleic acids are the building blocks of proteins.

2 14. Which of the following is an inorganic compound? a. methane (CH 4 ) c. methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) b. water (H 2 O) d. acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) 15. Compounds are commonly classified by grouping them according to a. the energy level in which the valence electrons of their atoms are found. b. the type of bond that they contain. c. the number of elements in the compound. d. the number of atoms in the molecule. 16. Compounds whose bonds are the force of attraction between two oppositely charged particles are called a. metallic compounds. c. ionic compounds. b. metalloidal compounds. d. covalent compounds. 17. What type of compound can be formed by the reaction of a metal with a nonmetal? a. nonmetallic compound c. metalloidal compound b. metallic compound d. ionic compound 18. A compound that shatters when hit with a hammer is most likely a(n) a. ionic compound. c. metallic compound. b. covalent compound. d. metalloidal compound. 19. Magnesium oxide melts at 2,800 C. What type of compound is magnesium oxide? a. ionic compound c. metallic compound b. covalent compound d. metalloidal compound 20. The ions that make up an ionic compound are arranged in a. molecules. c. a crystal lattice. b. metals. d. a solution. 21. The ions that make up a crystal lattice are arranged as a. alternating positive and negative ions. b. positive ions surrounded by an electron cloud. c. electrons "swimming" about positive ions. d. negative ions surrounded by a positive ion cloud. 22. When an ionic compound is struck with a hammer, the pattern of ions in the crystal lattice is shifted, causing a. ions to bond with different ions. b. ions to become attracted to an oppositely charged ion. c. ions to repel one another. d. None of the above 23. Which type of compound can conduct an electric current when it is dissolved in water? a. covalent compound c. ionic compound b. organic compound d. metallic compound 24. A(n) compound will melt only at temperatures high enough to overcome the strong bonds between oppositely charged particles. a. metallic c. ionic b. metalloidal d. covalent 25. Which type of compound is the most soluble in water? a. covalent compound c. metallic compound b. ionic compound d. metalloidal compound 26. What happens when you mix an ionic compound with water? a. The compound does not dissolve in water and settles to the bottom. b. Molecules of water repel each of the ions and pull them away from one another. c. Molecules of water attract each of the ions and pull them away from one another. d. none of the above

3 27. Why is a solution of an ionic compound dissolved in water able to conduct an electric current? a. The ions bond with the water. b. The ions are able to move past one another. c. The ions form a crystal lattice in the water. d. none of the above 28. For your science fair project, you construct a simple circuit using wire, a battery, and a light bulb in its socket. You cut the wire and set each end on opposite sides of a plastic bin filled with water. Which of the following would allow a bulb to light if you added it to the water? a. sugar c. alcohol b. oil d. salt 29. compounds are composed of elements whose atoms share electrons. a. Metallic c. Ionic b. Coordinate d. Covalent 30. Compounds that are composed of molecules are called a. covalent compounds. c. metallic compounds. b. ionic compounds. d. metalloidal compounds. 31. Carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature. What type of compound is this most likely to be? a. a metallic compound c. a covalent compound b. an atomic compound d. an ionic compound 32. Why do covalent compounds have lower melting points than ionic compounds? a. There is no force of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds. b. The forces of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds are the same as the bonds between ions in a crystal lattice. c. The forces of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds are much stronger than the bonds between ions in a crystal lattice. d. The forces of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds are much weaker than the bonds between ions in a crystal lattice. 33. Explain why oil and water don't mix. a. Oil is an ionic compound and many ionic compounds don't dissolve in water. b. Water molecules have a stronger attraction for one another than they have for the oil molecules. c. The molecules of oil get squeezed out as the water molecules pull together. d. both (b) and (c) 34. The ability to change the color of certain chemicals is one property used to classify substances as a. acids. c. salts. b. bases. d. Both (a) and (b) 35. What happens when an acid reacts with a base? a. An acid remains. c. A salt forms. b. The base precipitates. d. both (a) and (b) 36. The color of tea changes when you squeeze lemon juice into it because lemon juice is a(n), and tea is a(n). a. acid; indicator c. salt; acid b. base; indicator d. catalyst; base 37. is a compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. a. An acid c. A salt b. A base d. An ionic compound 38. Which of the following would taste sour? a. an acid c. a salt b. a base d. an ionic compound

4 39. Why should taste NEVER be used as a test to identify an unknown chemical? a. Many acids and bases are corrosive. b. Many acids and bases are poisonous. c. Taste is often misleading. d. both (a) and (b) 40. Hydrogen gas can be produced when an acid reacts with a. a base. c. a salt. b. baking soda. d. a metal. 41. The gas carbon dioxide can be produced when an acid reacts with a. water. c. a metal. b. baking soda. d. a base. 42. Why do solutions containing acids conduct an electric current? a. Acids break apart to form ions in water. b. Acids bond with ions in water. c. Acids become salts in water. d. Acids become diluted in water. 43. How is a hydronium ion, H 3 O +, formed? a. An acid bonds with a water molecule. b. A hydrogen atom bonds with a water molecule. c. A hydrogen ion bonds with a water molecule. d. A water molecule loses a valence electron. 44. Acids can be detected using a. an indicator. c. a red cabbage solution. b. blue litmus paper. d. All of the above 45. The most widely produced industrial chemical in the world is, which is used in car batteries and to make paper and paint. a. acetic acid c. nitric acid b. sulfuric acid d. hydrochloric acid 46. is used to make fertilizers, rubber, and plastics. a. Acetic acid c. Nitric acid b. Sulfuric acid d. Hydrochloric acid 47. Which of the following is found in orange juice? a. citric acid c. nitric acid b. ascorbic acid (vitamin C) d. both (a) and (b) 48. Which of the following acids are found in soft drinks? a. carbonic acid c. acetic acid b. phosphoric acid d. both (a) and (b) 49. When all the molecules of a compound break apart in water to produce hydrogen ions, the compound is considered to be a a. strong acid. c. strong base. b. weak acid. d. weak base. 50. When few molecules of a compound break apart in water to produce hydrogen ions, the compound is considered to be a a. weak base. c. strong base. b. weak acid. d. strong acid. 51. is a compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. a. An acid c. A salt b. A base d. A covalent compound

5 52. Which of the following would taste bitter? a. a covalent compound c. an acid b. a salt d. a base 53. Which of the following would feel slippery? a. an acid c. a base b. a salt d. none of the above 54. What should you do if your hands feel slippery while using a base in an experiment? a. Pour salt on your hands to neutralize the base. b. Pour an acid on your hands to neutralize the base. c. Rinse your hands with large amounts of water to dilute the base. d. all of the above 55. Solutions of bases conduct an electric current because bases a. increase the number of hydroxide ions in a solution. b. decrease the number of hydroxide ions in a solution. c. increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. d. decrease the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. 56. When all the molecules of a compound break apart in water to produce hydroxide ions, the compound is considered to be a a. strong acid. c. strong base. b. weak acid. d. weak base. 57. When few molecules of a compound break apart in water to produce hydroxide ions, the compound is considered to be a a. strong acid. c. weak acid. b. strong base. d. weak base. 58. When acids react with bases, a. they neutralize each other. c. a salt is formed. b. water is formed. d. All of the above 59. The base sodium hydroxide (lye) is used to make a. paint and fertilizer. c. soap and paper. b. metallic substances. d. soft drinks and juices. 60. The base calcium hydroxide is used to make a. cement. c. plaster. b. mortar. d. All of the above 61. The base ammonia is used a. in many household cleaners. c. to keep swimming pools free of algae. b. in many beverages. d. as a dietary supplement. 62. A solution that has a ph of is neutral. a. 0 c. 7 b. 1 d Human blood has a ph of between 7.38 and This means that the blood is a. very acidic. c. very basic. b. slightly acidic. d. slightly basic. 64. The ph of a solution is a measure of a. the hydronium ion concentration in the solution. b. the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. c. how acidic or basic a solution is. d. All of the above 65. Some plants, such as pine trees, prefer soil with a ph between 4 and 6. These plants prefer

6 a. acidic soil. c. salty soil. b. basic soil. d. neutral soil. 66. Plants such as lettuce grow best in soil with a ph between 8 and 9. These plants prefer a. salty soil. c. acidic soil. b. basic soil. d. neutral soil. 67. Freshwater fish need water near ph 7. These fish prefer a. acidic water. c. neutral water. b. basic water. d. salty water. 68. Rainwater can have a ph as low as 3, meaning that it is very a. acidic. c. neutral. b. basic. d. salty. 69. Why might people add a base to an acidic lake? a. to decrease the algae c. to neutralize the acid b. to control the fish population d. to dispose of excess industrial waste Consider the following reaction: HCl + KOH H 2 O + KCl 70. Identify the acid in the reaction above. a. HCl c. H 2 O b. KOH d. KCl 71. Identify the base in the reaction above. a. H 2 O c. HCl b. KOH d. KCl 72. Identify the salt in the reaction above. a. HCl c. H 2 O b. KOH d. KCl 73. Salts are used a. to help keep roads free of ice. b. to make wallboard or plasterboard for use in construction. c. to make chalk for chalkboards. d. All of the above 74. Carbon atoms can form the backbone of organic compounds because each carbon atom a. has 4 valence electrons. c. can form 4 bonds. b. can bond with 4 atoms. d. All of the above 75. Carbohydrates are a. made of one or more simple sugars bonded together. b. used as a source of energy. c. used for energy storage. d. All of the above 76. Which of the following is NOT soluble in water? a. proteins c. carbohydrates b. lipids d. nucleic acids 77. Which of the following is used to store energy in the body? a. carbohydrates c. proteins b. lipids d. both (a) and (b) 78. Which of the following is used to make up much of the cell membrane? a. carbohydrates c. proteins

7 b. lipids d. all of the above 79. When an organism has used up most of its carbohydrates, it can obtain energy by a. building lipids. c. breaking down lipids. b. storing lipids. d. dissolving lipids in water. 80. A hydrocarbon in which each carbon atom in the molecule shares a single bond with each of four other atoms is a(n) a. saturated hydrocarbon. c. polyunsaturated hydrocarbon. b. unsaturated hydrocarbon. d. aromatic hydrocarbon. 81. An alkane is also a(n) a. saturated hydrocarbon. c. polyunsaturated hydrocarbon. b. unsaturated hydrocarbon. d. aromatic hydrocarbon. 82. A hydrocarbon in which at least two carbon atoms share a double bond or a triple bond is a(n) a. aromatic hydrocarbon. c. polyunsaturated hydrocarbon. b. unsaturated hydrocarbon. d. alkane. 83. A hydrocarbon based on benzene is a(n) a. alkane. c. saturated hydrocarbon. b. unsaturated hydrocarbon. d. aromatic hydrocarbon. 84. An alkene is also a(n) a. saturated hydrocarbon. c. acid. b. unsaturated hydrocarbon. d. aromatic hydrocarbon. 85. A single bond consists of one pair of shared a. electrons. c. ions. b. protons. d. carbons. 86. Suppose you must develop a new fragrance for a perfume company. You would most likely use a(n) compound. a. ionic c. acidic b. metallic d. organic 87. The molecular structure of aspirin contains a benzene ring a ring of 6 carbons with alternating double and single bonds making it a(n) a. protein. c. lipid. b. aromatic hydrocarbon. d. nucleic acid. Short Answer Study the structural formulas below and answer the questions that follow.

8 88. A saturated hydrocarbon is represented by which structural formula(s)? 89. An unsaturated hydrocarbon is represented by which structural formula(s)? 90. An aromatic hydrocarbon is represented by which structural formula(s)?