1. Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 2. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

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1 Name Chemistry: Matter, Water, Acids & Bases, and Macromolecules Study Guide This study guide is a good representation of what you will need to know for your test. You are responsible for completing the study guide by using your notes and materials from class. MATTER 1. Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 2. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change? In a physical change, the substance does not change chemically. In a chemical change, the substance becomes a new substance. 3. Next to each of the examples on the list, write PC for physical change and CC for chemical change: CC burning paper PC painting a house CC frying an egg CC baking brownies PC melting an ice cube CC rusting metal For #4-6, use the word bank Negative Positive Neutral Inside Inside Outside 4. Protons have a positive charge and are located inside the nucleus of an atom. 5. Neutrons have a neutral charge and are located inside the nucleus of an atom. 6. Electrons have a negative charge and are located outside the nucleus of an atom.

2 7. In the picture below, label the reactants and the products Reactants product 8. What is activation energy? The minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place. WATER 9. Why are water molecules called polar molecules? They have opposite charges at opposite ends. 10. Fill in the blanks using the words solute and solvent: In a solution, the solute dissolves into the solvent. 11. What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion when discussing properties of water? Adhesion is when water sticks to other things (like a wall or a blade of grass), cohesion is when water sticks to itself (like a droplet or a puddle). 12. Water is called the Universal Solvent. 13. Why can t you dissolve oil in water? Because oil is non polar, so water cannot pull it apart 14. Water molecules are connected to each other by bonds. Hydrogen

3 ACIDS & BASES 15. What are the properties of acids? Taste sour, burn skin, dissolves other substances 16. What are the properties of bases? Feels slippery, tastes bitter, burns skin 17. What does it mean for a substance to be neutral? What needs to be present in the same amounts for something to be neutral? A neutral substance is neither an acid nor a base. It has an equal number of H + and OH - ions. 18. Acids produce Hydrogen ( H + ) ions when dissolved in water. 19. Bases produce Hydroxide ( OH - ) ions when dissolved in water. 20. Label the ph chart below using the words from the word bank. Strong Acids Strong Bases Neutral Weak Acids Strong Acids Strong acids Weak acids Weak bases Strong bases Neutral 21. What does a buffer do? Keeps the ph in balance.

4 ORGANIC & INORGANIC COMPOUNDS 22. What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds? Organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not. 23. Is there an exception for inorganic compounds? CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) 24. Carbon atoms are connected by covalent bonds. 25. If monomers are like letters, then polymers are like words. COMPOUNDS OF LIFE 26. Fill in the chart below: Macromolecule Description Examples Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Contain C, H, and O; end in ose; necessary for energy; can be used for structure Fats; store energy, protect organs; two types (saturated & unsaturated); made of a glycerol & 3 fatty acids For structure, storage, transport, enzymes, defense; made of amino acids Used to transmit genetic information Pasta, rice, table sugar, fruit Butter, oil, wax Meat, eggs, tofu, muscles, enzymes DNA & RNA 27. Plants store energy as starch. 28. Animals store energy as glycogen. 29. What word means two sugars? Disaccharide 30. What word means many sugars? Polysaccharide

5 31. What kind of macromolecule is this? Carbohydrate (has C, H, and O) 32. What do carbohydrates do for our bodies? Necessary for energy, can be used for structure 33. Fill in the blanks using the words single and double: Saturated fats have single bonds and unsaturated fats have double bonds. 34. What are some other differences between saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats come from animals, are solid at room temperature, and are considered bad fats. Unsaturated fats are oils, generally liquid at room temperature, and are considered good fats. 35. What is an example of a saturated fat? Cheese, butter, steak 36. What is an example of an unsaturated fat? Coconut oil, corn oil, vegetable oil 37. Fill in the blanks using the words head and tail. A phospholipid is made up of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. 38. What do lipids do for our bodies? Store energy, protect our organs, and are part of cell membranes and our nervous system. 39. What are proteins made up of? Amino acids 40. A catalyst inside our bodies is known as an enzyme. 41. What does a catalyst do? Speeds up a reaction

6 42. How do you know something is an enzyme just by looking at its name? Enzymes end in ase (example: Lactase) 43. What is the place called where an enzyme locks into a substrate? Active site 44. Proteins (amino acids) are connected by peptide bonds. 45. What do proteins do for our bodies? For structure (collagen), storage, transport (cells), enzymes, defense (immune system) 46. How do you put molecules together to form carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins? Process name: What it does: dehydration synthesis takes water out 47. How do you break carbohydrate, lipid, or protein molecules apart? Process name: What it does: hydrolisis add water

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