Student Notes Acids and Bases

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1 Name: Class: Date: Student Notes Acids and Bases Many foods that we eat contain acids, such as lemons, oranges, apples, vinegar, grapes, and soda pop. Lemons and oranges contain citric acid, while apples contain malic acid. Many household products used for cleaning contain bases, such as drain cleaner, detergents, and soaps. Some other bases you may have in your household are milk of magnesia and antacids. Properties of Acids Have a sour taste Change the color of litmus paper to red React with metals React with bases to produce water and salts Some acids may conduct electricity Properties of Bases Have a bitter taste Feel slippery Change the color of litmus paper to blue React with acids to produce water and salts Conduct electricity Litmus Paper Some acids and bases are strong, some are weak. Water is neither acidic nor basic it is neutral. When mixed with water, acids have free hydrogen ions (H + ). Bases however, when mixed with water, have free hydroxide ions (OH - ). The formula for water is H 2 O. Do you see that if we add an acid, with its H + ions in an equal proportion to a base, with its OH - ions, the result will be H 2 O? Water is neutral the ions have reacted to produce a neutral solution. The strength of acids and bases can be measured in several ways. One way is to use a ph meter, which is an electronic device to measure the amount of H + and OH - ions in solution. If the probe attached to the ph meter is inserted into a solution, a reading tells the strength of the acid or base. The scale used to measure the strength of an acid or base is called the ph scale. It measures acids and bases from 0 to 14.

2 Name: Class: Date: ph meter Because acids have free hydrogen ions and bases have free hydroxide ions, the concentration of these ions can be measured with the ph meter. Water has just as many hydrogen ions as hydroxide ions, therefore it is considered neutral and given a ph value of 7. If there are more hydrogen ions in solution than hydroxide ions, the solution is acidic and given a value less than 7. The more hydrogen ions in solution, the lower the ph value, down to 0. If there are more hydroxide ions in solution than hydrogen ions, the solution is basic, or alkaline, and given a value greater than 7. The more hydroxide ions in solution, the higher the ph value, up to 14.

3 Name: Class: Date: Acids and Bases Notes from Power point 1. Six properties of acids are: (Slide 3) Six properties of bases are: (Slide 4) Four examples of acids are: (Slide 5) 4. Four examples of bases are: (Slide 6) 5. Explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid. (Slide 8) 6. Acids contain ions. 7. Strong bases dissociate into ions. 8. A ph meter can detect the amount of in solution.

4 Name: Class: Date: 9. A ph value reflects 10. ph stands for 11. As the number of H + ions increases, the strength of the acid 12. As the number of OH - ions increases, the strength of the base 13. Draw a ph scale and input 0, 7, 14, neutral, increasing acidity, increasing basicity. (Slides 11-14) 14. Acid-base indicators are (Slide 15) 15. Two examples of acid-base indicators are 16. What is acid/base neutralization? Explain. 17. Write an example of a neutralization reaction: (Slide 17) True/False Review Questions

5 Name: Class: Date: Answer Key Acids and Bases Notes from Power point 1. Six properties of acids are: (Slide 3) 1. taste sour 2. Turn litmus paper red 3. Conduct electricity 4. Very corrosive to metals 4. React with metals 5. React with bases to form salts and water 2. Six properties of bases are: (Slide 4) 1. taste bitter 2. Turn litmus paper blue 3. Conduct electricity 4. Very corrosive 5. Feel slippery 6. React with acids to form salts and water 3. Four examples of acids are: (slide 5) acetic acid, hydrochloric, phosphoric, ascorbic, or nitric 4. Four examples of bases are: (slide 6) Ammonia, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, or Sodium hydroxide 5. Explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid. (slide 8) A strong acid dissociates completely in aqueous solutions to form H 3 O ions, but a weak acid will not dissociate completely 6. Acids contain H 3 O + ions. 7. Strong bases dissociate into OH - ions. 8. A ph meter can detect the amount of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in solution 9. A ph value reflects the negative of the common logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration 10. ph stands for power of hydrogen, or hydrogen power, or pouvoir hydrogen 11. As the number of H + ions increases, the strength of the acid increases. 12. As the number of OH - ions increases, the strength of the base increases.

6 Name: Class: Date: 13. Draw a ph scale and input 0, 7, 14, neutral, increasing acidity, increasing basicity. (Slides 11-14) Students should have a line from 0-14, marked in the middle with a 7. As line goes from 7 to 0, acidity increases. As line goes from 7-14, basicity increases Increasing Acidity Increasing Basicity 14. Acid-base indicators are (Slide 15) liquid chemicals that change color in the presence of hydronium and hydroxide ions 15. Two examples of acid-base indicators are methyl red, or bromthymol blue, or phenol red, methyl orange, or red wine, or cabbage juice, or beet juice. 16. What is acid/base neutralization? Explain. When an acid and a base are combined to form salt and water, ph returns to 7 when of equivalent amounts and strength. 17. Write an example of a neutralization reaction: (slide 17) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) True/False Review Questions 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F

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