Matter Stations. January 2, 2018

Transcription

1 Matter Stations January 2, 2018

2 Station 1: What is Matter? A. For Vocabulary Chart: MATTER B. Activity: 1. Separate the different cards into Matter and Non Matter. 2. Pick three substances that are matter and explain why. 3. Pick three of the substances that are not matter and explain why.

3 Defining matter Anything that has mass and takes up space

4 States of matter Solid Has definite volume and shape Liquid Has definite volume but not shape Gas Does not have definite volume or shape

5 Station 2: Matter is made up of Atoms. A. For Vocabulary Chart: (you will need to add a few rows!) Atoms, Proton, Neutron, Electron, Nucleus, Energy Levels B. Activity: 1. Read the following slides from the Power Point. 2. In your notes, complete the following chart. 3. Answer the questions a-d on the periodic table slides. Subatomic Particle Electrical Charge Location Drawing of an Atom Proton Neutron Electron

6 Structure of an Atom Nucleus the center of an atom (contains protons and neutrons) Protons Atomic mass 1 Charge (+) Neutrons Atomic mass 1 Charge none Outside the nucleus-where electrons are found in energy levels. Electron Atomic mass 0 Charge (-)

7 Structure of an Atom Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels First energy level holds 2 electrons Second energy level holds 8 electrons Third energy level holds 8 electrons These energy levels correspond the rows of the periodic table.

8 The Periodic Table Elements are arranged by size and chemical properties. Rows Period Size Energy Level Columns Group Properties Has the same number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost energy level) Questions to Answer: a. What information do the groups of the periodic table tell us? b. What information do the periods of the periodic table tell us? c. How does the information in a and b help us to understand matter better?

9 Reading the Periodic Table Question to Answer: d. What is the important of the atomic number, the atomic mass, and the mass number of an element?

10 Station 3: Matter can be a Pure Substance. A. Matter Vocabulary: Pure Substance, Element, Compound B. Activity: 1. Observe the models and examples at your station. 2. Complete the following: a. The periodic table is made up of which are pure substances. Which model most reflects a pure substance from the periodic table? Why? b. The second model at this station is made up of. This model is also considered a pure substance because.

11 Pure substances Elements Made up of one type of atoms Ex. Pure hydrogen Compounds Made of more than one type of atoms but only one type of molecule Ex. Pure water H 2 O

12 Station 4: Matter can be a Mixture. A. Matter Vocabulary: Mixture B. Activity: Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture 1. Look at the two types of mixtures. One of the mixtures is homogeneous and the other is heterogeneous. 2. Draw each example and write as sentence or two that explains the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture. Use Evidence.

13 Mixtures Homogeneous (homo= same) Made of multiple types of molecules evenly distributed Ex. Mixtures of gases Gases dissolved in liquids Mixtures of 2 miscible (mixable) liquids Solutions - Solids fully dissolved in a liquid Ex. Salt water Heterogeneous (hetero= different) Unevenly mixed molecules Ex. Sand Suspension solids not fully dissolved or evenly mixed in a liquid Ex. Orange juice with pulp Colloid solids not fully dissolved but evenly mixed Ex - milk

14 Station 5: Matter has physical and chemical properties. A. Matter Vocabulary: Physical Properties B. Activity: Chemical Properties 1. Sort the laminated cards into physical and chemical properties. 2. Matter can change physical form. Give one example from the sorted cards and explain how. 3. Look up (on the web) at least 5 physical and/or chemical characteristics specific to glass. You may choose a specific type of glass.

15 Identifying matter Physical properties All of the properties of substance except those that effect its behavior in chemical reactions Qualitative- qualities that cannot be described using numbers Ex. Gas, liquid, solid, smell, taste, color Quantitative- properties that can be measured Ex. Melting point, boiling point, mass, solubility Soluble- Can be dissolved in water (ex. Sugar, salt) Insoluble cannot be dissolved in water (ex. Sand, metal)

16 Chemical properties Properties that cause specific behavior in chemical reactions Depends on the structure of the atoms in the substance

17 Station 6: Changes in matter can be classified as physical chemical. A. Matter Vocabulary: Physical Change; Chemical Change Experiment 1: 1. Take a piece of the tablet. 2. Use the mortar and pestle to grind it up. a. What kind of change occurred with the mortar and pestle? What is your evidence? 3. Pour the ground up tablet into approximately 25 ml of water. Observe. b. What kind of change has occurred in the water? What is your evidence?

18 Changes in matter Physical changes Changes in physical properties of a substance but does not alter its basic composition Ex. Water freezing into ice Chemical changes Changes in the chemical properties of a substance resulting in an entirely new substance Ex. Gasoline burning

19 Station 7: Changes in matter can be classified as physical chemical. A. Matter Vocabulary: Physical Change; Chemical Change Experiment 2: 1. Measure 10 ml of Solution A into a graduated cylinder. 2. Pour the 10 ml of Solution A into the 250 ml beaker. 3. Come to the front of the room with your 250 ml beaker and add 1 drop of indicator. 4. Swirl and observe. a. What kind of change has occurred? What is your evidence? 5. Add a pipet of Solution B to the 250 ml Beaker. b. What kind of change has occurred? What is your evidence?

20 Changes in matter Physical changes Changes in physical properties of a substance but does not alter its basic composition Ex. Water freezing into ice Chemical changes Changes in the chemical properties of a substance resulting in an entirely new substance Ex. Gasoline burning

21 Station 8: Physical Characteristics of Glass A. Matter Vocabulary: Opaque; Translucent B. Activity: 1. Create a chart similar to below to put your observations Glass 1 Glass 2 Glass 3 2. Observe the different glasses and write down physical properties for each glass that include color, translucence, thickness, and any other physical properties you can see without touching. 3. Read the following PPT slides and answer the questions.

22 Common Glass Types Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company 22 Soda-lime used in plate and window glass, glass containers, and electric light bulbs Soda-lead fine table ware and art objects Borosilicate heat resistant, like Pyrex Silica used in chemical ware Tempered used in side windows of cars Laminated used in the windshield of most cars Action 1: Take notes on the above type so glass. Action 2: Based on your observation of glasses 1, 2, and 3, decide which type of glass they could be. Give Evidence.

23 Glass as Evidence Class characteristics; physical and chemical properties such as refractive index, density, color, chemical composition Individual characteristics; if the fragments can fit together like pieces of a puzzle, the source can be considered unique Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company 23