UNIT 12: Solutions Lesson 1: Factors Affecting Solubility

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1 Work hard. Be nice. Name: Period: Date: UNIT 12: Solutions Lesson 1: Factors Affecting Solubility Do Now: By the end of today, you will have an answer to: What determines whether or not something will dissolve? Take out your spring break assignment (Things You Need to Know). Review the different flash cards and write down two questions you still have on the topics we have learned so far this year Kicking it old school: (WHAT IS THIS?!) What is a solution? A solution is a mixture of substances. There are 2 parts of a solution: 1) 2) Quick Practice: Solution Solute Solvent NaCl (aq) C 6H 12O 6 (aq) AgNO 3 (aq) 1

2 Soluble/Insoluble? Work hard. Be nice. Dissolves or does not dissolve? Homogeneous or Heterogeneous? FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUBILITY Factor Effect Exceptions QUESTION: How is the process of dissolving different from collision theory? POLARITY: Unequal sharing of electrons in a chemical bond due to large difference in electronegativity What trends do you see? Solute Type Nonpolar solvent Polar Solvent Non-polar Soluble Insoluble Polar Insoluble Soluble Factor Effect Exceptions Polarity WATER IS POLAR Directions: Based on the solubility data, determine whether the solute is polar or non-polar. Solute Solubility Polar or non-polar Oxygen (O 2) Insoluble Glucose (C 6H 12O 6) Hexane Nitrogen (N 2) Soluble Insoluble Insoluble QUESTION: How can you determine the polarity of a substance based on its solubility in water? SUMMARIZING QUESTIONS: 1. What four factors affect solubility? 2. What increases solubility for liquids and solids? 3. What increases solubility for gases? 2

3 Work hard. Be nice. Name: Pd: Date: CW Factors Affecting Solubility 10 points PART 1: Review of Matter 1. In the formula for water, H 2O, the number 2 refers to the number of (1) Hydrogens and oxygens (2) Hydrogens only (3) Waters (4) Oxygens only 2. The number of atoms in Cu 3PO 4is (1) 8 (3) 4 (2) 5 (4) A compound consists of (1) one element (2) two or more substances. (3) two or more elements NOT chemically combined (4) two or more elements chemically combined 4. A bottle of green food coloring, which was left standing on a shelf for a long time, separated into distinct blue and yellow layers. The food coloring was most likely (1) an element (3) a compound (2) a mixture (4) changing phase 5. Which of the following is a mixture? (1) salt (2) silver (3) soup (4) sugar 6. A solution of AgNO 3 is considered a (1) heterogeneous mixture (2) homogeneous mixture (3) heterogeneous compound (4) homogeneous compound 7. Which formula represents a compound? (1) Ca (2) Cr (3) CO (4) Co 8. Identify the solute and the solvent Solution Solute Solvent CuSO 4 (aq) NaCl is dissolved in methanol Solution of green food coloring in water 9. Which of these terms refers to matter that could be heterogeneous? (1) Element (3) mixture (2) Compound (4) solution 10. Bronze contains 90 to 95 percent copper and 5 to 10 percent tin. Because these percentages can vary, bronze is classified as (1) A compound (3) A mixture (2) A substance (4) An element 11. Matter that is composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion is classified as: (1) A compound (2) A mixture (3) An isotope (4) A solution 12. Which of the following is NOT a property of an element? (1) It is found on the Periodic table. (2) It is a pure substance. (3) It can be broken apart chemically. (4) It cannot be broken apart physically. 13. The statements in question 2 are not true of an element. However, they are all true statements for describing a (an). 3

4 PART II: Solubility Work hard. Be nice. 14. The solubility of KCl (s) in water depends on the (1) Pressure on the solution (2) Rate of stirring (3) Size of KCl sample (4) Temperature of the water 15. Most polar substances are soluble in water because water molecules are (1) nonpolar (2) covalent (3) polar (4) inorganic 16. Nonpolar solvents will most easily dissolve solids that are (1) ionic (2) covalent (3) nonpolar (4) polar 17. As the temperature rises, the solubility of all gases in water (1) decreases (2) increases (3) remains the same (4) depends on the gas 18. Under which conditions are gases most soluble in water? (1) high temperature and high pressure (2) high temperature and low pressure (3) low temperature and high pressure (4) low temperature and low pressure 19. Scientists who study aquatic ecosystems are often interested in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water. Oxygen, O2, has a very low solubility in water, and therefore its solubility is usually expressed in units of milligrams per 1000.grams of water at 1.0 atmosphere. The graph below shows a solubility curve of oxygen in water. Explain, in terms of molecular polarity, why oxygen gas has low solubility in water. Your response must include both oxygen and water. [1] 4

5 Work hard. Be nice. Name: Pd: Date: HW Factors Affecting Solubility 10 points Part 1: Short Answer 1. Explain why each trend for solubility makes sense IN TERMS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SOLUTE AND THE SOLVENT. 2. Explain why collision theory is not as applicable to solubility as it is to chemical reactions. 3. When cola, a type of soda pop, is manufactured, CO 2 (g) is dissolved in it. a) A capped bottle of cola contains CO 2 (g) under high pressure. When the cap is removed, how does pressure affect the solubility of the dissolved CO 2 (g)? b) A glass of cold cola is left to stand 5 minutes at room temperature. How does temperature affect the solubility of the CO 2 (g)? Name: Pd: Date: HW Factors Affecting Solubility 10 points Part 1: Short Answer 1. Explain why each trend for solubility makes sense IN TERMS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SOLUTE AND THE SOLVENT. 2. Explain why collision theory is not as applicable to solubility as it is to chemical reactions. 3. When cola, a type of soda pop, is manufactured, CO 2 (g) is dissolved in it. a) A capped bottle of cola contains CO 2 (g) under high pressure. When the cap is removed, how does pressure affect the solubility of the dissolved CO 2 (g)? b) A glass of cold cola is left to stand 5 minutes at room temperature. How does temperature affect the solubility of the CO 2 (g)? 5

6 Part II: Regents Practice 4. Ionic solids will most likely dissolve in (1) H 2O(l), which is a polar solvent (2) H 2O(l), which is a nonpolar solvent (3) CCl 4(l), which is a polar solid (4) CCl 4(l), which is a nonpolar solvent 5. As the pressure on a gas confined above a liquid increases, the solubility of the gas in the liquid (1) decreases (2) increases (3) remains the same 6. The solubility of KClO 3(s) in water increases as the (1) temperature of the solution increases (2) temperature of the solution decreases (3) pressure on the solution increases (4) pressure on the solution decreases Work hard. Be nice. 7. Hexane (C 6H 14) and water do not form a solution. Which statement explains this phenomenon? (1) Hexane is polar and water is nonpolar. (2) Hexane is ionic and water is polar. (3) Hexane is nonpolar and water is polar. (4) Hexane is nonpolar and water is ionic. 8. At room temperature, the solubility of which solute in water would be most affected by a change in pressure? (1) methanol (2) sugar (3) carbon dioxide (4) sodium nitrate Part II: Regents Practice 4. Ionic solids will most likely dissolve in (1) H 2O(l), which is a polar solvent (2) H 2O(l), which is a nonpolar solvent (3) CCl 4(l), which is a polar solid (4) CCl 4(l), which is a nonpolar solvent 5. As the pressure on a gas confined above a liquid increases, the solubility of the gas in the liquid (1) decreases (2) increases (3) remains the same 6. The solubility of KClO 3(s) in water increases as the (1) temperature of the solution increases (2) temperature of the solution decreases (3) pressure on the solution increases (4) pressure on the solution decreases 7. Hexane (C 6H 14) and water do not form a solution. Which statement explains this phenomenon? (1) Hexane is polar and water is nonpolar. (2) Hexane is ionic and water is polar. (3) Hexane is nonpolar and water is polar. (4) Hexane is nonpolar and water is ionic. 8. At room temperature, the solubility of which solute in water would be most affected by a change in pressure? (1) methanol (2) sugar (3) carbon dioxide (4) sodium nitrate 6

Name: Period: Date: solution

Name: Period: Date: solution Name: Period: Date: ID: A Solutions Test A Matching Use the choices below to answer the following 5 questions. a. Hydrogen bond d. Electrolyte b. Polar molecule e. Nonelectrolyte c. Nonpolar molecule 1.