UNIT 12: Solutions Lesson 3: Table F Solubility Guidelines

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1 Name: Period: Date: General Chemistry KIPP NYC College Prep UNIT 12: Solutions Lesson 3: Table F Solubility Guidelines By the end of today, you will have an answer to: How do we determine if a substance is soluble? Do Now! (1) What does it mean for a molecule like water to be polar? (2) How can we decide if a molecule is polar or nonpolar? (3) If C has an electronegativity value of 2.6 and F has a value of 4.0, how come CF 4 is considered nonpolar? LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE Will these substances dissolve in water? Solute Polar / Nonpolar Solubility in H 2O Cl 2 NH 3 O 2 CF 4 BRING IT, BRING IT BACK TO BONDING Remember your resources: Reference Table E- Polyatomic ions and Periodic Table. Explain, in-terms of electrons and types of atoms, the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond? How Ionic Compounds Dissolve:

2 Using Table F to Predict Solubility: Table F contains guidelines for solubility of common ionic salts Soluble/Insoluble? Dissolves or does not dissolve? Formation of Precipitate? So how do we use Table F? Question: Is NH4Cl soluble in H2O? Answer: Example 2: Is silver chloride soluble in H 2O? Example 3: Is Calcium carbonate soluble in H 2O? In-class Practice: Directions: State whether the ionic compound will be soluble (precipitate does not form) or insoluble (precipitate forms) Ionic Compound LiF Soluble (S)/ Insoluble (I) Ionic Compound PbCl2 Soluble (S)/ Insoluble (I) HNO3 NaOH Ca(OH)2 AgBr Fe3(PO4)2 H2SO4 AgI CaS (NH4)2S KClO4 Cr2S3

3 Name: Period: Date: General Chemistry KIPP NYC College Prep CW 12.3 Determining Solubility Using Table F 10 points Important Information First: 1. What does it mean to say that many ionic compounds are soluble in water? Consider NaClO What types of bonds are found in this compound? 3. Using Table F, explain the process of determining how you know that NaClO 3 is soluble in water. Consider AgCl. 4. What types of bonds are found in this compound? 5. Using Table F, explain the process of determining how you know that AgCl is insoluble in water. Regents Practice: 1. Which ion, when combined with chloride ions, Cl -, forms an insoluble substance in water? (1) Fe 2+ (2) Mg 2+ (3) Pb 2+ (4) Zn According to Table F, which of these salts is least soluble in water? (1) LiCl (2) RbCl (3) FeCl 2 (4) PbCl 2 3. Which type of bonding is found in all molecular substances? (1) covalent bonding (2) hydrogen bonding (3) ionic bonding (4) metallic bonding 4. Which compound is insoluble in water? (1) BaSO 4 (2) CaCrO 4 (3) KClO 3 (4) Na 2S 5. Which substance contains bonds that involved the transfer of electrons from one atom to another? (1) CO 2 (2) NH 3 (3) KBr (4) Cl 2 6. According to Reference Table F, which of these compounds is the least soluble in water? (1) K 2CO 3 (2) KC 2H 3O 2 (3) Ca 3(PO 4) 2 (4) Ca(NO 3) 2

4 7. Which barium salt is insoluble in water? (1) BaCO 3 (2) BaCl 2 (3) Ba(ClO 4) 2 (4) Ba(NO 3) 2 Work hard. Be nice. 8. Based on Reference Table F, which of these saturated solutions has the lowest concentration of dissolved ions? (1) NaCl(aq) (2) MgCl 2(aq) (3) NiCl 2(aq) (4) AgCl(aq) 9. Magnesium nitrate contains chemical bonds that are : (1) Covalent, only (2) Metallic, only (3) Ionic, only (4) Both covalent and ionic 10. At STP, which of these substances is most soluble in H 2O? (1) CCl 4 (2) CO 2 (3) HCl (4) N Based on Reference Table F, describe the solubility of magnesium hydroxide in water. 12. Based on Reference Table F, describe the solubility of zinc sulfide in water

5 Name: Period: Date: General Chemistry KIPP NYC College Prep HW 12.3 Determining Solubility Using Table F 10 points SUMMARY OF THE LESSON: [10 points] ON THE BACK SIDE OF THIS PAPER in a coherent, well-written paragraph What soluble ionic compounds form aqueous solutions Describe what a precipitate is and how it forms How solubility relates to formation of precipitation When and why we use Table F REGENTS PRACTICE: [4 points] 1. Which sample represents a homogeneous mixture? (1) C 2H 5OH(l) (2) C 2H 5OH(aq) (3) C 2H 5OH(g) (4) C 2H 5OH(s) 2. Which of the following compounds is least soluble in water? (1) copper (II) chloride (2) aluminum acetate (3) iron (III) hydroxide (4) potassium sulfate 3. Identify one ion from Table F that can combine with Pb 2+ (aq) to produce an insoluble compound. 4. The dissolving of solid lithium bromide in water is represented by the balanced equation below. Based on Table F, identify one ion that reacts with Br ions in an aqueous solution to form an insoluble compound. REGENTS REVIEW AND EXTENSION: [2 points] Each of the following represent the reactants for double replacement reactions. Use the criss-cross rule to determine the compounds that will form after the reaction and designate the state of matter based on Table F. EXAMPLE NaCl (aq) + Hg(NO 3) 2 (aq) NaNO 3 (aq) + HgCl 2 (s) 1. K 2CO 3 (aq) + LiNO 3 (aq) + 2. NaOH (aq) + CaCl 2 (aq) + CRITICAL THINKING: [2 points] 1. Bones are made of calcium phosphate. Explain, in terms of solubility, why bones function as the support frames for our body. 2. You are trying to think of ways to dissolve sugar in water because it is not dissolving fast enough. What are some things you can do to make sugar dissolve faster in water. TURNED IN COMPLETE AND ON-TIME [2 points]- STUDY FOR YOUR QUIZ TOMORROW!

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