Chem Discussion #13 Chapter 10. Correlation diagrams for diatomic molecules. Key

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1 Chem Discussio #13 Chapter 10. Correlatio diagrams for diatomic molecules. Key 1. Below is a plot of the first 10 ioizatio eergies for a sigle atom i 3 rd row of the periodic table. The x- axis shows which ioizatio (e.g. IE1, IE, etc) ad the y-axis gives how much eergy i MJ/mo a. What 3 rd row elemet does the plot show? S b. First ioizatio eergy IE1 is 10.36eV calculate Zeff for that elemet. (Useful iformatio: 1ev= J; A = /mol; 18 Zeff Zeff Zeff IE= E -Eiitial= (J) = 13.6(eV) = 131 (kj/mol) )(Aswer:.6) Zeff 10.36= E -Eiitial= 13.6(eV) ad =3; Zeff=.6 c. The arrow poits to the jump betwee the 6 th ad 7 th ioizatio eergy. Which of the followig statemets are true? i. The umber of protos (Z) chaged. ii. The effective uclear charge (Z eff) chaged. iii. The quatum umber of the electro that is ioized chaged. iv. The radius of the io decreased. From the followig eutral atom electro cofiguratios, label the oe with the highest third ioizatio eergy, ad lowest third ioizatio eergy. Explai your aswers. a. 1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s highest b. 1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s 1 c.1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 lowest 3. Write the groud state electro cofiguratio for Al, Al 3+, V, V 3+ Al = 1s s p 6 3s 3p 1 paramagetic Al 3+ = 1s s p 6 3s 0 3p 0 diamagetic V = 1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s 3d 3 paramagetic V 3+ = 1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s 0 3d paramagetic 1

4. Aswer the followig questios about magaese (M): a.

What are, l, ad j (umber of loops) for oe electro i

C ad F ot occupiee 3d 3p 4d A B C D E F G H I a.

correspodig ames of the orbitals( 1s,s,3s, 4s,

Use the radial probability desities below (electro

2 4. Aswer the followig questios about magaese (M): a. What is the electro cofiguratio? [Ar]4s 3d 5 a. What are, l, ad j (umber of loops) for oe electro i each of the occupied electro clouds? C ad F ot occupiee 3d 3p 4d A B C D E F G H I a. For the pictures below fill i the empty boxes with correspodig ames of the orbitals( 1s,s,3s, 4s, p,3p,3d) b. Use the radial probability desities below (electro cloud cross sectio below ) to estimate the size of a atom of M. (Look at the x axis) b. First ioizatio eergy IE1 is 7.43eV calculate Zeff for that elemet(aswer:.96) eff IE= E -Eiitial=.6(eV) Z 13 =7.43eV ad =4; Zeff=.96

3 a. Use the radial distributio fuctios below to estimate the size of a atom of M. 4s IS THE BIGEST ORBITAL radius will be 15A; 15A 30A 5. Which oe will have the greatest ioizatio eergy? Na +, Ne, F -,O -. Na + highest 3

Molecular Orbital (σ, σ *, NB, π, π *, πb) a. Total Number of MO =Total Number of AO Costructive ad destructive iterferece (i phase ad out-of-phase iteractio) a.

4 6. Rak the followig i terms of icreasig ioizatio eergy: Na, Li, B, N, Ne Na<Li< B< N<Ne 7. Rak the followig i terms of icreasig ioizatio eergy: Li +, B +, N +, Ne +, Na + B + <N + <Ne + <Na + < Li + Thigs you should kow whe you leave Discussio today Atomic Orbital (s, p, d, f) vs. Molecular Orbital (σ, σ *, NB, π, π *, πb) a. Total Number of MO =Total Number of AO Costructive ad destructive iterferece (i phase ad out-of-phase iteractio) a. Sigma bod is achieved by head o overlap b. Bodig MO (σ, π) - Costructive iterferece i phase iteractio c. Atibodig MO (σ *, π * ) - Destructive iterferece out-of-phase iteractio d. π formed from side-by-side overlap of available p AO π * is out-of-phase overlap of available p AO π is i-phase side-by-side overlap of available p AO 4

5 1. Draw correlatio diagram for He + : Keep i mid that: 1sσ* is more ustable tha 1sσ is stable. a. What is the bod order of He +? 0.5 b. Put i the order of icreasig bod legth H; H + ad He +. (hit : fid the bod orders for all the molecules or molecular ios) bod legth: H< H + < He + BO: Draw the correlatio diagram for the HeH molecule. Which molecule or molecular io will have the shortest bod HeH 3+,HeH +, HeH +, HeH, HeH -? (Aswer: HeH + ) HeH 3+,HeH +, HeH +, HeH, HeH - BO:

6 Geeral MO Correlatio Diagram for secod row i the Periodic table. a. Bod Order # of e i filled bodig orbitals # of e i filled atibodig orbitals BO.. or B. O. # of filled bodig orbitals # of filled atibodig orbitals 6

7 1. Draw two AO eergy diagrams for the atoms i O - oe atom o the left ad oe atom o the right, leavig space i the middle. Draw a picture of each AO. Draw the MO eergy diagram ad pictures of the resultig MOs i betwee ad fill them with the electros for the molecule. a. Draw the MO diagram(hit : cout how may AO you start with ad how may valece electros you have) b. Calculate the bod order. (8-5)/ = 1.5 c. Is O - diamagetic or paramagetic? Yes d. Write the molecular electro cofiguratio. (1Ϭs) (1Ϭs * ) (Ϭp ) (π p ) 4 (π * p) 3 e. If a electro is removed, will this make the bod loger or shorter? shorter 7

8 . (At home o a separate piece of paper) Draw two AO eergy diagrams for the followig atoms i [C, N, O, F, F +, F - ], oe atom o the left ad oe atom o the right, leavig space i the middle. Draw a picture of each AO. Draw the MO eergy diagram ad pictures of the resultig MOs i betwee ad fill them with the electros for the molecule. a. Calculate the bod order for each molecule. b. Discuss which of the molecular orbitals are resposible for sigle, double bods, etc. c. Discuss the relative legth, reactivity ad stregth of these bods. d. What are the magetic properties of these molecules? (Which oe is diamagetic ad which oe is paramagetic. 8

9 Chem 101 Discussio #13 Chapter 10 TF s ame: Your ame: Discussio Sectio: 9

Chem Discussion #13 Chapter 10. Correlation diagrams for diatomic molecules. TF s name: Your name: Discussion Section:

Chem Discussion #13 Chapter 10. Correlation diagrams for diatomic molecules. TF s name: Your name: Discussion Section: Chem 101 2016 Discussion #13 Chapter 10. Correlation diagrams for diatomic molecules. TF s name: Your name: Discussion Section: 1. Below is a plot of the first 10 ionization energies for a single atom