Review Sheet for Final Exam

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Review Sheet for Final Exam"

Jeffry Bishop
5 years ago
Views:

1 Sheet for ial To study for the exam, we suggest you look through the past review sheets, exams ad homework assigmets, ad idetify the topics that you most eed to work o. To help with this, the table give below lists the topics covered i the course ad the exam ad review sheet questios o each of these topics. ce you ve idetified your weak spots, you ca do practice problems etc. to get more comfortable with that material. We ve also provided three log questios that are desiged to help you see the coectios betwee the various topics, ad help you tie everythig together ito a coheret whole. The topics covered by these problems are show i the last colum of the table. The questios o the exam will have a format similar to those o the hour exams. The exam will be about twice the legth of a hour exam, ad you will be give hours. Topic 1 1 Limitig Reaget Problems A1,4 Empirical ormula Problems A 1 Molarity of solutios A Gravimetric aalysis A5 Titratios A6 Lewis dot structures, icludig formal charges, oxidatio umbers ad resoace structures (do t forget to determie the structure that miimizes the formal charges) B1-,6 4 b Predictig bod order from Lewis dot structures B1-,6 4 (icludig resoace effects where appropriate) Determiig coordiate umber, hybridizatio of atoms B 4 b i molecules ad geometry (from VSEPR theory) Molecular orbitals for sigma bods B8 7 Molecular orbitals for pi-electro systems B6,7 5,7,8 h,i Lie drawigs of molecules (fillig i hydroges ) B7,8 9 a Isomers B5 10 Diatomic molecules: molecular orbitals, bod order, B4 6 paramagetism Symmetry C1,C 4 Relatio betwee wavelegth ad frequecy of a photo ( =c) Eergy of a photo, ad relatio to eergy levels ( E=h ), color of molecules Bohr model of sigle electro atoms: calculatig trasitio eergies (i.e. eergy, wavelegth ad frequecy of a photo comig from a trasitio betwee eergy levels), ad ioizatio eergies (eergy required to remove the electro). Bohr model of may electro atoms: as for sigle electro atom but with Z replaced with Z eff Particle i a box model: calculate eergy levels ad the properties (eergy, wavelegth, ad frequecy) of a photo absorbed or emitted by a trasitio betwee these eergy levels. Most complex form of questio is derivig a property of the model (i.e. mass of particle or legth of box) from the properties of the photo. 19,0 4 19,0 4 j 19,0 ial 0 4 1c,d 1 4 k Photoelectric effect 0 1d Quatum umbers (,l,m) of atoms for ial Page 1 of 4

2 Electro cofiguratios of atoms 1a,b,e Periodic treds for atoms: size (atomic radius), ioizatio potetial, electro affiity, electroegativity Predictig polarity (relative size of dipole momet) from c, electroegativities, ad for differet molecular structures Molecular forces (dispersio, dipole-iduced dipole, dipole-dipole, H-bod, io-iduced dipole, io-dipole, d,e io-io) Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic molecules/ solubility i polar vs. opolar solvets f,g Protei structure 9 Bod stregths ad reactio ethalpy 10,11 Solids: uit cell for cubic, body-cetered cubic ad fcc ,6 lattice; coutig atoms i a uit cell; close packig (fcc vs. hcp); Phase diagrams 7 Etropy Trasitio metal complexes: drawig d orbitals ad occupatios, predictig paramagetism, spectrochemical 5-8,4,6 1f,g,h,i,j series Nuclear chemistry (balacig reactios, stability of uclei, eergy from mass defect) ) a) What is the electroic cofiguratio of Cobalt, Co? b) What is the electroic cofiguratio of Cobalt, Co +1? c) Usig Z eff =0.4, predict the ioizatio potetial of Co. d) A photo with =55m ejects a electro from a Cobalt atom. What is the kietic eergy of the ejected electro? e) What is the electroic cofiguratio of Co +? f) Sketch the d-orbitals ad electro occupatios for Co + (NH ) 6. g) Sketch the d-oribitals ad electro occupatios for Co + (H ) 6. If Co + (H ) 6 is red, what is the splittig (i kj/mol) betwee the d- orbitals ( o )? h) Are either Co + (NH ) 6 or Co + (H ) 6 paramagetic? i) Draw all isomers of Co + (NH ) (H ). j) Draw all isomers of Co + (NH ) (H ) 4. ) a) Cosider the molecules hexatriee hexae a) What is the molecular formula of each of these molecules? b) What is the hybridizatio of each of the carbo atoms? c) Does hexatriee have a dipole momet? Does hexae have a dipole momet? d) Whe placed ext to a Sodium io (Na + ), which would have a larger iduced dipole momet, hexatriee or hexae? e) Which would have larger dispersio iteractios, two hexatriee molecules or two hexae molecules? f) Is hexatriee hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Which would be more hydrophobic hexatriee or hexae? g) Which of the followig would be a better solvet for hexae: water, acetoe ( (CH ) C=) or ethyl ether (CH CH CH CH )? h) How may pi molecular orbitals are there for hexatriee? How may of these orbitals are filled? i) Sketch the highest occupied molecular orbital ad lowest uoccupied molecular orbitals for this molecule. j) A photo with =50m ca promote a electro from the high occupied molecular orbital to the lowest uoccupied molecular orbital. What is the differet i eergy betwee these orbitals (i kj/mol)? k) Suppose we wated to model this system as a particle i a box. I this model, a photo with =50m promotes the particle from the = to =4 level. What must the eergy differece be betwee the = ad =4 levels (E =4 -E = ) for a trasitio betwee these for ial Page of 4

3 levels to arise from a photo with =50m? Lets assume the particle is i a 1Agstrom box. What must the mass of the particle be to obtai this value for (E =4 -E = )? ) Circle the best aswer to the followig statemets. Lower Ioizatio Eergy K Ca Greater solubility i acetoe, H Higher Electro Affiity Br Cl Higher boilig poit CH NH CH CH CH CH NH Smaller atomic radius S Te Larger bod dipole C N xidatio state of M i M +II +IV Hybridizatio of N i NH sp sp Nopolar molecule for ial Page of 4

4 Useful costats ad formulas h = x 10-4 J s m e = x 10-1 kg c = x 10 8 m s -1 1 rydberg =.18 x J 1 ev = 1.60 x J 400 m 470 m V B 70 m R Y G 650 m 590 m 50 m Spectrochemical series (dividig lie is betwee H ad NH ) I - < Br - < Cl - < - < H - < H < NH < e < CN - < C Masses: H amu x or small x, e 1 x D amu T amu He amu Neutro amu C amu C amu Electroegativities: H:.0 Li: 0.98 Be: 1.57 B:.04 C:.55 N:.04 :.44 :.98 Na: 0.9 Mg: 1.1 Al: 1.61 S: 1.90 P:.19 S:.58 Cl:.16 Se:.4 Br:.8 Particle i a box: E h Z 18 Bohr model: E x J = mL ccupied volume (V occupied /V total ) is for the fcc lattice ad for the bcc lattice for ial Page 4 of 4

5 for ial Page 5 of 4

Chem Discussion #13 Chapter 10. Correlation diagrams for diatomic molecules. Key

Chem Discussion #13 Chapter 10. Correlation diagrams for diatomic molecules. Key Chem 101 017 Discussio #13 Chapter 10. Correlatio diagrams for diatomic molecules. Key 1. Below is a plot of the first 10 ioizatio eergies for a sigle atom i 3 rd row of the periodic table. The x- axis