Chemistry Midterm Review Questions

Transcription

1 Atoms, Molecules, Ions & Compounds Chemistry Midterm Review Questions 1) The nucleus of an atom contains. A) electrons B) protons, neutrons, and electrons C) protons and neutrons D) protons and electrons E) protons ) Potassium is a and chlorine is a. A) metal, nonmetal B) metal, metal C) metal, metalloid D) metalloid, nonmetal E) nonmetal, metal ) Aluminum reacts with a certain nonmetallic element to form a compound with the general formula AlX. Element X is a diatomic gas at room temperature. Element X must be. A) oxygen B) fluorine C) chlorine D) nitrogen E) sulfur ) Predict the empirical formula of the ionic compound that forms from aluminum and oxygen. A) AlO B) AlO C) AlO D) AlO E) AlO 5) The correct name for SrO is. A) strontium oxide B) strontium hydroxide C) strontium peroxide D) strontium monoxide E) strontium dioxide 6) The name of PCl is. A) potassium chloride B) phosphorus trichloride C) phosphorous(iii) chloride D) monophosphorous trichloride E) trichloro potassium 7) The formula of ammonium carbonate is. A) (NH ) CO B) NHCO C) (NH ) CO D) (NH ) CO E) N (CO ) 8) Chromium and chlorine form an ionic compound whose formula is CrCl. The name of this compound is. A) chromium chlorine B) chromium(iii) chloride C) monochromium trichloride D) chromium(iii) trichloride E) chromic trichloride 9) Of the following, the smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the. A) neutron B) proton C) electron D) nucleus E) alpha particle 10) There are electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom of 1 5 Xe. A) 1, 1, 5 B) 5, 5, 1 C) 78, 78, 5 D) 5, 5, 78 E) 78, 78, 1 11) Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of but differing number of. A) protons, electrons B) neutrons, protons C) protons, neutrons D) electrons, protons E) neutrons, electrons

2 1) The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table to the right. The average atomic mass of the element is amu. A) 19.7 B) 0. C) 0. D) 18.5 E) 1.0 1) Which pair of elements would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in their physical and chemical properties? A) O, S B) C, N C) K, Ca D) H, He E) Si, P 1) Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic? A) SF 6 B) HO C) HO D) NH E) CaO 15) Which pair of elements is most apt to form a molecular compound with each other? A) aluminum, oxygen B) magnesium, iodine C) sulfur, fluorine D) potassium, lithium E) barium, bromine 16) Which one of the following compounds is chromium(iii) oxide? A) CrO B) CrO C) CrO D) CrO E) CrO Structure of Atoms ) The wavelength of light that has a frequency of s is m. A) 5.0 B) C) D) 1.0 E).5 18) What is the frequency A) 1 (s ) B) C) of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength of 0.5 m? D) E) ) Of the following, radiation has the shortest wavelength. A) Xray B) radio C) microwave D) ultraviolet E) infrared 0) The wavelength of a photon that has an energy of A) B).6 10 C).8 10 D) J is m E) ) The energy of a photon that has a wavelength of 1. nm is J. A) B). 10 C) D) E) ) An electron cannot have the quantum numbers n =, l =, m l =. A), 0, 0 B), 1, 1 C), 1, 1 D) 1, 1, 1 E),, 1 ) Which one of the following represents an acceptable set of quantum numbers for an electron in an atom? (arranged as n, l, ml, and ms) A),, 1, 1/ B) 1, 0, 0, 1/ C),,, 1/ D) 5,, 5, 1/ E),,, 1/

3 ) Which one of the following is the correct electron configuration for a groundstate nitrogen atom? A) B) C) D) E) None of the above is correct. 5) What is the de Broglie wavelength (m) of a.0 kg object moving at a speed of 50 m/s? A) B) C) D) E) ) There are orbitals in the third shell. A) 5 B) C) 9 D) 16 E) 1 7) The azimuthal quantum number is in orbitals. A) s B) p C) d D) f E) a 8) The lowest energy shell that contains f orbitals is the shell with n =. A) B) C) D) 1 E) 5 9) How many quantum numbers are necessary to designate a particular electron in an atom? A) B) C) D) 1 E) 5 0) There are unpaired electrons in a ground state phosphorus atom. A) 0 B) 1 C) D) E) 1) The ground state electron configuration for Zn is A) [Kr]s d B) [Ar]s d C) [Ar]s d D) [Ar]s d E) [Kr]s d ) The largest principal quantum number in the ground state electron configuration of barium is. A) 1 B) C) D) 5 E) 6 ) Which set of three quantum numbers (n, l, ml) corresponds to a d orbital? A),, B),, C),, D), 1, 0 E),, ) At maximum, an fsubshell can hold electrons, a dsubshell can hold electrons, and a psubshell can hold electrons. A) 1, 10, 6 B), 8, 18 C) 1, 8, D), 1, 1 E), 6, 10

4 Periodic Properties 5) Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing. A) oxidation number B) atomic mass C) average atomic mass D) atomic number E) number of isotopes 6) In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties? A) O, S, Se B) N, O, F C) Na, Mg, K D) S, Se, Si E) Ne, Na, Mg 7) Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger in Ar. A) nuclear charge B) paramagnetism C) diamagnetism D) Hund's rule E) azimuthal quantum number 8) Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar? A) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar B) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg C) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg D) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar E) Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na 9) The atomic radius of maingroup elements generally increases down a group because. A) effective nuclear charge increases down a group B) effective nuclear charge decreases down a group C) effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group D) the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases E) both effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases 0) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius? A) O B) F C) S D) Cl E) Ne 1) Which one of the following has the smallest radius? A) Na B) Cl C) Fe D) P E) Br ) Which of the following is an isoelectronic series? 5 A) B,Sr,As,Te B) F,Cl,Br,I C) S, Cl, Ar, K D) Si,P,S,Cl E) O,F Ne,Na ) Which of the following correctly lists the atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)? A) F < K < Ge < Br < Rb B) F < Ge < Br < K < Rb C) F < K < Br < Ge < Rb D) F < Br < Ge < K < Rb E) F < Br < Ge < Rb < K ) Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies? A) Cl > S > Al > Ar > Si B) Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al C) Al > Si > S > Cl > Ar D) Cl > S > Al > Si > Ar E) S > Si > Cl > Al > Ar 5) Of the following elements, which has the largest first ionization energy? A) Se B) As C) S D) Sb E) Ge 6) Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy? A) Si B) Mg C) Al D) Na E) P,

5 7) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of aluminum? A) Al (g) Al(g) e B) Al(g) Al (g) e C) Al(g) e Al (g) + D) Al(g) Al (g) e E) Al (g) e Al(g) 8) Which ion below has the largest radius? A) Cl B) K C) Br D) F E) Na 9) Of the following elements, has the greatest electronegativitiy. A) Na B) Li C) Be D) N E) F 50) The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is. A) B > N > C B) F > Cl > S C) Si > P > S D) P > S > Se E) Na > K > Rb Chemical Bonding & Geometry 51) Based on the octet rule, magnesium most likely forms a ion. A) Mg B) Mg 6 C) Mg 6 D) Mg _ E) Mg 5) Based on the octet rule, iodine most likely forms an ion. A) I B) I C) I D) I E) I 5) How many unpaired electrons are there in the Lewis structures of a A) 0 B) 1 C) D) E) This cannot be predicted. N ion? 5) The halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals have valence electrons, respectively. A) 7,, and 6 B) 1, 5, and 7 C) 8,, and D) 7, 1, and E), 7, and 55) Which of the following would have to lose two electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration? O Sr Na Se Br A) O, Se B) Sr C) Na D) Br E) Sr, O, Se 56) Elements from opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form. A) covalent compounds B) ionic compounds C) compounds that are gaseous at room temperature D) homonuclear diatomic compounds E) covalent compounds that are gaseous at room temperature 57) The Lewis structure of AsH shows nonbonding electron pair(s) on As. A) 0 B) 1 C) D) E) This cannot be determined from the data given. 58) How many equivalent resonance forms can be drawn for SO without expanding octet on the sulfur atom (sulfur is the central atom)? A) 0 B) C) D) E) 1

6 59) Which of the following does not have eight valence electrons? A) Ca B) Rb C) Xe D) Br E) All of the above have eight valence electrons. 60) In which of the molecules below is the carboncarbon distance the shortest? A) HC CH B) HC CH C) HC CH D) HC C CH E) HC CH CH 61) In the Lewis symbol for a sulfur atom, there are paired and unpaired electrons. A), B), C), D) 0, 6 E) 5, 1 6) The Lewis structure of the CO ion is. B C D E A 6) Of the following, cannot accommodate more than an octet of electrons. A) P B) As C) O D) S E) I 6) The central atom in does not violate the octet rule. A) SF B) KrF C) CF D) XeF E) ICl 65) A valid Lewis structure of cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule. A) NF B) BeH C) SO D) CF E) SO 66) Of the possible bonds between carbon atoms (single, double, and triple),. A) a triple bond is longer than a single bond B) a double bond is stronger than a triple bond C) a single bond is stronger than a triple bond D) a double bond is longer than a triple bond E) a single bond is stronger than a double bond 67) For a molecule with the formula AB the molecular shape is. A) linear or bent B) linear or trigonal planar C) linear or Tshaped D) Tshaped E) trigonal planar 68) The molecular geometry of is square planar. A) CCl B) XeF C) PH D) XeF E) ICl 69) The electron domain and molecular geometry of BrO is. A) tetrahedral, trigonal planar B) trigonal planar, trigonal planar C) trigonal pyramidal, linear D) tetrahedral, bent E) trigonal pyramidal, seesaw

7 Consider the following species when answering the following questions: (i) PCl (ii) CCl (iii) TeCl (iv) XeF (v) SF 6 70) For which of the molecules is the molecular geometry (shape) the same as the VSEPR electron domain arrangement (electron domain geometry)? A) (i) and (ii) B) (i) and (iii) C) (ii) and (v) D) (iv) and (v) E) (v) only 71) Of the molecules below, only is nonpolar. A) CO B) HO C) NH D) HCl E) TeCl 7) Of the molecules below, only is nonpolar. A) BF B) NF C) IF D) PBr E) BrCl 7) Of the following molecules, only is polar. A) BeCl B) BF C) CBr D) SiHCl E) Cl 7) Of the following molecules, only is polar. A) CCl B) BCl C) NCl D) BeCl E) Cl Mole 75) How many molecules of CH are in 8. g of this compound? 5 A) B).00 C) D) E).00 76) There are atoms of oxygen are in 00 molecules of CHCOH. 6 A) 00 B) 600 C) D) E) ) The formula of nitrobenzene is C6H5NO. The molecular weight of this compound is amu. A) B).0 C) D) 1.11 E).06 78) How many grams of oxygen are in 65 g of CHO? A) 18 B) 9 C) 9.0 D) 6 E) 10 79) How many moles of carbon dioxide are there in 5.06 g of carbon dioxide? 5 A) 0.85 B) 1.18 C) D) E) ) How many atoms of nitrogen are in 10 g of NHNO? A).5 B) C).0 10 D) 1.8 E) 81) A.5g sample of ammonium carbonate contains mol of ammonium ions. A) 0.68 B) 0.88 C) 0. D).1 E).7 8) The mass % of F in the binary compound KrF is. A) 18.8 B) 5.8 C) D) 81.5 E) 1.0 6

8 8) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in PtCl (NH ). A).67 B) 9. C) 9.90 D).95 E) ) What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 7.0% S, 1.% O, and 59.6% Cl by mass? A) SOCl B) SOCl C) SOCl D) SOCl E) ClSO 85) A compound contains 8.7% K, 1.9% N, and 7.% O by mass. What is the empirical formula of the compound? A) KNO B) K NO C) KNO D) K NO E) K NO 5 86) Combustion of a 1.01g sample of a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produced.65 g of CO and 1.6 g of HO. What is the empirical formula of the compound? A) CH8O B) CH5O C) C6H16O D) CH9O E) CH6O 87) A compound contains 0.0% C, 6.71% H, and 5.9% O by mass. The molecular weight of the compound is amu. The molecular formula of this compound is. A) CHO B) CHO C) CHO D) CHO E) CHO Chemical Reactions 88) When the following equation is balanced, the coefficients are. NH (g) O (g) NO (g) HO (g) A) 1, 1, 1, 1 B), 7,, 6 C),,, D) 1,, 1, E),,, 89) When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of HSis. FeCl (aq) HS (g) FeS (s) HCl (aq) A) 1 B) C) D) 5 E) 90) Write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when methanol, CHOH (l) is burned in air. What is the coefficient of methanol in the balanced equation? A) 1 B) C) D) E) / 91) Predict the product in the combination reaction below. Al (s) N (g) A) AlN B) AlN C) AlN D) AlN E) AlN 9) Of the reactions below, which one is not a combination reaction? A) C O CO B) Mg O MgO C) N H NH D) CaO HO Ca(OH) E) CH O CO HO 9) Of the reactions below, which one is a decomposition reaction? A) NHCl NH HCl B) Mg O MgO C) N H NH D) CH O CO HO E) Cd(NO ) Na S CdS NaNO

9 9) Which one of the following substances is the product of this combination reaction? Al (s) I (s) A) AlI B) AlI C) AlI D) AlI E) AlI 95) Which of the following are combination reactions? 1) CH (g) O (g) CO (g) HO (l) ) CaO (s) CO (g) CaCO (s) ) Mg (s) O (g) MgO (s) ) PbCO (s) PbO (s) CO (g) A) 1,, and B) and C) 1,,, and D) only E),, and Stoichiometry 96) Lithium and nitrogen react to produce lithium nitride: 6Li (s) N (g) LiN (s) How many moles of N are needed to react with mol of lithium? A).00 B) C) D) 1.50 E) ) The combustion of propane (CH 8) produces CO and HO: CH 8 (g) 5O (g) CO (g) HO (g) The reaction of.5 mol of O will produce mol of HO. A).0 B).0 C).5 D).0 E) ) Magnesium burns in air with a dazzling brilliance to produce magnesium oxide: Mg (s) O (g) MgO (s) When mol of magnesium completely burns, the amount of magnesium oxide that is produced is g. A).00 B) 6.6 C) D). E) 1. 99) The combustion of ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen yields NO and HO: NH (g) 7 O (g) NO (g) 6 HO (g) The combustion of.9 g of ammonia produces g of NO. A).58 B) 178 C) 119 D) 0.95 E).9 100) The combustion of ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen yields NO and HO: NH (g) 7 O (g) NO (g) 6 HO (g) The combustion of 8.8 g of ammonia consumes g of oxygen. A) 9.7 B) 5.1 C) 108 D) 15. E) 8.8

10 Atoms, Molecules, Ions & Compounds 1) C ) A ) D ) C 5) A 6) B 7) A 8) B 9) C 10) D 11) C 1) B 1) A 1) E 15) C 16) A Structure of Atoms 17) B 18) A 19) A 0) A 1) E ) D ) B ) D 5) A 6) C 7) D 8) C 9) B 0) D 1) B ) E ) A ) A ANSWERS Periodic Properties 5) D 6) A 7) A 8) D 9) D 0) C 1) B ) E ) D ) B 5) C 6) D 7) D 8) C 9) E 50) C Chemical Bonding & Molecular Geometry 51) A 5) E 5) A 5) D 55) B 56) B 57) B 58) B 59) A 60) B 61) B 6) A 6) C 6) C 65) B 66) D 67) A 68) B 69) D 70) C 71) A 7) A 7) D 7) C Mole 75) D 76) B 77) D 78) D 79) B 80) B 81) A 8) E 8) B 8) B 85) A 86) A 87) A Chemical Reactions 88) B 89) C 90) B 91) A 9) E 9) A 9) C 95) B Stoichiometry 96) E 97) D 98) B 99) C 100) A