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2 What is the Periodic Table of Elements? The Periodic Table of Elements is a way of organizing the elements in relation to each other so it is easy to find elements that have similar properties. Why is that helpful? It allows scientists to make predictions and explain events.
3 Here is a periodic table. What is it?
4 The columns are called GROUPS or families. What is represented by the groups on this periodic table? DAYS
5 The rows are PERIODS. What information is in the horizontal periods? WEEKS
6 Certain information is missing. How would you find the missing data? Group 5 Period 3??
7 Periods Each row is called a period The elements in each period have the same number of electron shells Hint: A period comes at the end of a sentence--a horizontal line.
8 Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Group 2 = 2 electrons Except for He, it has 2 electrons Each column is called a group or family Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in its outer orbital, also known as its outer shell. The electrons in the outer shell are called valence electrons. Hint: Your Family tree is vertical.
9 Transition Metals Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. For now, assume they each have two valence electrons.
10 Use the periodic table.
11 Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: 2 nd Period = 2 shells 4 th Group = 4 valence electrons
12 Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: 3 rd Period = 3 shells 1 st Group = 1 valence electron
13 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons?
14 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons? Neon 2 nd Period = 2 shells 8 th Group = 8 valence electrons
15 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons?
16 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons? Hydrogen 1 st Period = 1 shell 1 st Group = 1 valence electron
17 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons?
18 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons? Beryllium 2 nd Period = 2 shells 2 nd Group = 2 valence electrons
19 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons?
20 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons? Sulfur 3 rd Period = 3 shells 6 th Group = 6 valence electrons
21 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons?
22 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons? Potassium 4 th Period = 4 shells 1 st Group = 1 valence electron
23 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons?
24 Write your answers on your handout. Name the element. Number of shells? Valence electrons? Helium 1 st Period = 1 shell 8 th Group = 2 valence electrons Helium is the exception in Group 18. Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8. It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.
25 Review: How is the Periodic Table of Elements organized? How can I tell how many electron shells an element has? How can I tell how many valence electrons an element has?
26 Questions of the day Back row: How are the elements arranged in the Periodic Table of Elements? In rows called periods and columns called groups or families Third row: The elements in a row or period have the same number of what? Electron shells Second row: The elements in a column or family (group) have the same number of what? First row: Valence electrons (electrons in the outer shell) Find the element Al (13) and tell how many electron shells and valence electrons it has. Know why. Aluminum has 3 electron shells and 3 valence electrons.
27 Tomorrow: Characteristics of the Families on the Periodic Table.
28 118 elements known to man, but God s word is the original element establishing them all!
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