Bohr Models are NOT Boring! How to Draw Bohr Diagrams

Transcription

1 Bohr Models are NOT Boring! How to Draw Bohr Diagrams

2 1) Find the element on the periodic table. 2)Determine the number of electrons--it is the same as the atomic number. 3)This is how many electrons you will draw.

3 Find out which period (row) your element is in. Elements in the 1 st period have one energy level. Elements in the 2 nd period have two energy levels, and so on.

4 C P + = 6 N 0 = 6 1) Draw a nucleus with the element symbol inside. 2)Write the number of Protons and Neutrons the element has inside the nucleus. Put a + by the P and a little 0 by the N. Note: Round mass to nearest 1 when figuring neutrons.

5 The electron shells surrounding the nucleus each hold a particular number of electrons. Shells are named with letters: 1 = K shell = 2 electrons 2 = L shell = 8 electrons 3 = M shell = 8 electrons 4 = N shell = 18 electrons 5-7 = O, P, Q = up to 32 electrons Remember: The outer shell of an atom (no matter what letter) can only hold 8 electrons!

6 C P + = 6 N 0 = 6 1) Carbon is in the 2 nd period, so it has two energy levels, or shells. 2) Draw the shells around the nucleus.

7 1) Add the electrons. C P + = 6 N 0 = 6 2 e- 2) Carbon has 6 electrons. 3) The first shell can only hold 2 electrons. 4) Write the number of electrons that shell holds and e- for electrons an their charge. 5) How many electrons are in the outer shell?

8 C 1) Since you have 2 electrons in the first shell, you need to add 4 more. 2) These go in the 2 nd shell. 3) Again, write e- and the number of electrons. P + = 6 N 0 = 6 2e- 4e-

9 1) Check your work. C P + = 6 N 0 = 6 2e- 4e- 2) You should have 6 total electrons for Carbon. 3) Only two electrons can fit in the 1 st shell. 4) The 2 nd shell can hold up to 8 electrons. 5) The 3 rd shell can hold 18, but the elements in the first few periods only use 8 electrons. We ll talk about how they fill tomorrow.

10 H P + = N 0 = Try Hydrogen: Atomic Mass: Atomic Number: Protons: Electrons: Neutrons: Shells: Valence electrons:

11 Check Yourself. H P + = 1 N 0 = 0 1e-

12 He P + = N 0 = Try Helium: Atomic Mass: Atomic Number: Protons: Electrons: Neutrons: Shells: Valence electrons:

13 He Check Yourself! P + = 2 N 0 = 2 2e-

14 O P + = N 0 = Try Oxygen: Atomic Mass: Atomic Number: Protons: Electrons: Neutrons: Shells: Valence electrons:

15 Check Yourslef! O P + = 8 N 0 = 8 6e- 2e-

16 Al P + = N 0 = Try Aluminum: Atomic Mass: Atomic Number: Protons: Electrons: Neutrons: Shells: Valence electrons:

17 Check Yourself! Al P + = 13 N 0 = 14 2e- 8e- 3e-

18 K P + = N 0 = Try Potassium: Atomic Mass: Atomic Number: Protons: Electrons: Neutrons: Shells: Valence electrons:

19 Check yourself! K P + = 19 N 0 = 20 2e- 8e- 8e- 1e-

20 You should know how to draw a Bohr Diagram for the first 20 elements.

21 Periodic Table Study Guide How to Draw Lewis Structures

22 Lewis Structures 1) Find the element on the periodic table. 2) Determine the number of valence electrons. 3) This is how many electrons you will draw.

23 Lewis Structures Find out which group (column) your element is in. This will tell you the number of valence electrons your element has. You will only draw the valence electrons.

24 Groups - Review Except for He, it has 2 electrons Each column is called a group Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as shells. The electrons in the outer shell are called valence electrons.

25 Lewis Structures 1) Write the element symbol. 2) Carbon is in the 4 th group, so it has 4 valence electrons. 3) Starting at the right, draw 4 electrons, or dots, counterclockwise around the element symbol.

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27 Lewis Structures 1) Check your work. 2) Using your periodic table, check that Carbon is in the 4 th group. 3) You should have 4 total electrons, or dots, drawn in for Carbon.

28 Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: a) H b) P c) Ca d) Ar e) Cl f) Al

29 Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: a) H b) P c) Ca d) Ar e) Cl f) Al

30 Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: a) H b) P c) Ca d) Ar e) Cl f) Al

31 Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: a) H b) P c) Ca d) Ar e) Cl f) Al

32 Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: a) H b) P c) Ca d) Ar e) Cl f) Al

33 Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: a) H b) P c) Ca d) Ar e) Cl f) Al

34 Lewis Structures On your worksheet, try these elements on your own: a) H b) P c) Ca d) Ar e) Cl f) Al

35 End of Study Guide. Complete the Lewis Structure Worksheet You should know how to draw Lewis Structures for the first 20 elements.