Chemistry LabPaq Select

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Engaging laboratory learning experiences based on modern pedagogies. Educational background information that fully prepares students for completing the labs.

Choose one of our Signature Chemistry LabPaqs below or configure your own!

Chromatography of Food Dyes Colligative Properties and Osmostic Pressure Determination of K a for a Weak Acid Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Electrochemical Cells and Cell

1 Engaging laboratory learning experiences based on modern pedagogies. Educational background information that fully prepares students for completing the labs. Clearly defined procedures, mirroring on-campus laboratory coursework. Comprehensive assessments bring meaning to experiment results and build critical thinking skills. Choose one of our Signature Chemistry LabPaqs below or configure your own! Intro/Survey LP-2126-CK-02 Chem 1 LP-2123-CK-02 Chem 2 LP-2139-CK-02 Organic Chem LP-2127-CK-02 EXPERIMENT Acid/Base Chemistry Anions, Cations, and Ionic Reactions Beer s Law Caloric Content of Food Chromatography of Food Dyes Colligative Properties and Osmostic Pressure Determination of K a for a Weak Acid Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Electrochemical Cells and Cell Potentials Enzymes: Temperature, ph, and Specificity Hydrolysis of Acetylsalicylic Acid Identification of Gases Laboratory Techniques and Measurements Le Châtelier s Principle Melting Points Observations of Chemical Changes Oxidation-Reduction Activity Series Quantitative Spectroscope and Visible Light Reaction Order and Rate Laws Separation of a Mixture of Solids States of Matter Stereochemistry I Stereochemistry II Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar Using Buffers NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTS

2 Acid-Base Chemistry Analysis of Phosphate in Water Anions, Cations, and Ionic Reactions Antacid Analysis and Titration Atoms, Isotopes, and Atomic Mass Beer s Law Biological Macromolecules Boyle s Law Calculating Carbohydrate Content Classify 16 solutions as neutral, acidic, or basic using ph paper and bromothymol blue. Use ph paper and bromothymol blue indicator to determine if an acid or a base neutralization reaction has occurred after mixing acids with bases. Classify 5 household products as acids, bases, or neutral. Assemble and describe a colorimeter. Create 4 stock phosphate solutions to create a calibration curve that will be used in an assay. Use a calibration curve to determine the phosphate concentration for 3 environmental samples. Perform chemical reactions with silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid to describe 6 anions. Perform flame tests to describe 5 cations. Conduct confirmation tests to identify the anion and/or cation of 5 unknown chemicals. Perform a back titration using a commercial antacid, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide. Determine the amount of acid an antacid is able to neutralize. Validate experimental results by performing a controlled experiment. Create diagrams of common isotopes. Relate atomic number and mass number. Calculate atomic mass from isotope mass and abundance data. Construct a colorimeter. Prepare 11 standard solutions with known concentrations of FD&C blue dye. Create a Beer s law plot with the standard solutions and the use of a colorimeter, and determine the concentration of FD&C blue dye in 2 commercial drink samples. Use Benedict s reagent and Lugol s iodine to identify the presence of reducing sugars and starch in test samples and unknowns. Use biuret reagent to identify the presence of proteins and use Sudan III to identify lipids in test samples and unknowns. Identify an unknown through its composition of macromolecules. Build structures of 14 molecular structures with a modeling kit. (Optional) Note: These topics are addressed individually in Macromolecules of Life: Amino Acids, Macromolecules of Life: Lipids, and Macromolecules of Life: Sugars and Starches. Determine the volume-pressure relationship of a gas using a syringe apparatus. Create scatter plots from experimental data to illustrate Boyle s law and analyze data to determine atmospheric air pressure. Calculate the constant k from Boyle s law using experimental data. Build a hydrometer and prepare 5 reference solutions with known carbohydrate contents. Create a hydrometer calibration curve from the 5 reference solutions. Determine carbohydrate concentrations of 3 beverage samples.

3 Caloric Content of Food Chemical Reactions Chromatography of Food Dyes Colligative Properties and Osmotic Pressure Determination of K a for a Weak Acid Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Dissolved Oxygen Drawing Organic Compounds* Electrochemical Cells and Cell Potentials Energy Comparison of Fuels Enzymes: Temperature, ph, and Specificity Build a rudimentary calorimeter and measure the caloric content of 3 foods. Compare experimental data to nutrition labels found on the packaging of food items. Calculate the estimated caloric content of foods based on the nutrition label and Atwater factors. Add drops of 4 chemical compounds to aluminum foil, conduct observations, and draw conclusions about possible chemical reactions. Perform 14 chemical reactions using aqueous reactants and observe the final products. Write balanced equations for observed chemical reactions. Create chromatograms of 17 food dyes. Calculate Rf values for known and unknown solutions. Analyze chromatogram data to identify the FD&C food dyes found in common food items. Observe osmosis through a semipermeable membrane. Use experimental data to compare hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. Determine the freezing and boiling points of 3 solutions with varying salt concentrations and graph the results. Determine the equivalence point of the titration of a strong base (sodium hydroxide) with an unknown weak acid. Create a ph titration curve using experimental data. Calculate K a for an unknown weak acid and determine the percent error. Perform an EDTA/EBT titration with tap water. Calculate the concentration of Ca 2+ in a water sample. Determine the average water hardness of the local water supply. Prepare 2 water samples with Winkler solutions. Perform a sodium thiosulfate titration with 2 water samples. Analyze experimental results to determine the relationship between water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Draw condensed structural formulas and line-angle formulas of organic compounds based on the IUPAC name. Illustrate structural isomers based on organic compound molecular formulas. Draw line-angle formulas and dash-wedge structures for geometric isomers. Construct a galvanic cell using filter paper, zinc and copper metals, solutions of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate, and glass beakers. Set up and operate a multimeter and interpret voltage data. Calculate the standard cell potential for a redox reaction. Construct a calorimeter using a burner stand, 250 ml glass beaker, aluminum foil, and thermometer. Calculate the calories released per gram of 2 fuels: diethylene glycol and paraffin wax. Compare the molecular structure and energy content of each fuel. Compare the specificity of the enzyme lactase on the catabolism of lactose and sucrose. React lactase with lactose at three temperatures and three ph levels. Relate experimental results to conditions within the human body.

4 Equilibrium and Le Châtelier s Principle Extraction and Analysis of Casein Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry* Hess s Law Hydrolysis of Acetylsalicylic Acid Identification of Gases Introduction to Chemical Compounds Introduction to the Periodic Table Laboratory Techniques and Measures Investigate Le Châtelier s principle on chromate-dichromate equilibrium and on ferrocyanide-ferric ferrocyanide equilibrium by manipulating concentration and temperature. Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) and reaction quotient (Q) of the chromate-dichromate reaction and a hypothetical reaction. Apply Le Châtelier s principle to explain observed changes in a chemical system. Isolate casein from milk using both an acid and an enzyme, and use biuret reagent to test for the presence of casein. Calculate the percent of casein present in samples of cheese curds made from 3 different solutions. Synthesize cream cheese from milk. Write the names of organic compounds and their functional groups. Identify and draw organic compounds containing functional groups. Use the IUPAC name to identify functional groups in organic compounds. Construct a calorimeter and measure change in enthalpy for 2 reactions: sodium hydroxide/ hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide/ ammonium chloride. Create a cooling trend graph from calorimeter data for both reactions. Predict change in enthalpy for a reaction of ammonia and hydrochloric acid using experimental data. Outline 6 common NSAIDs, their uses, and biochemical pathways. Perform a hydrolysis reaction with aspirin and water using iron(iii) chloride to determine the presence of phenols. Compare the purity of freshly powdered aspirin to powdered aspirin exposed to the air for 12 hours. Produce a series of gases and monitor their behavior in the presence of a flame. Expose a series of gases to calcium hydroxide and bromothymol blue and record observations. Analyze experimental results to identify the gases present in exhaled air. Examine the physical properties of common household items including the appearance, melting point, boiling point, and solubility. Identify compounds as ionic or molecular based on physical properties. Calculate atomic mass from isotope mass and abundance data. Create a schematic for the periodic table to designate the groups of elements. Research the physical and chemical properties of element groups. Determine the group name and number of a set of elements based on their properties. Perform measurements using a graduated cylinder, volumetric flask, graduated pipet, ruler, digital scale, beaker, and thermometer. Apply Archimedes principle and the water displacement method to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object. Create solutions of varying concentrations and densities by diluting a stock solution.

5 Limiting Reactants Macromolecules of Life: Amino Acids Macromolecules of Life: Lipids Macromolecules of Life: Sugars and Starches Mass Conversions to Moles and Atoms Math and Graphing Prep Melting Points Molarity: Conversions and Mass Determination Molecular Modeling and Lewis Structures Naming Ionic and Molecular Compounds Examine a series of 6 reactions between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid to illustrate the concept of limiting reactants and test the law of conservation of mass. Calculate the theoretical yield of the product carbon dioxide from the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. Predict the presence of proteins in 6 substances. Use biuret reagent to detect peptide bonds in 6 substances. Validate experimental results with nutritional data. Note: These topics are also addressed in Biological Macromolecules. Predict the presence of lipids in 5 substances. Use Sudan III to detect lipids in 5 substances. Note: These topics are also addressed in Biological Macromolecules. Use Benedict s reagent to detect reducing sugars in 9 substances. Use IKI indicator to detect starch in 9 substances. Break down starch into maltose using α-amylase. Note: These topics are also addressed in Biological Macromolecules. Calculate the number of moles and atoms of each of the elements present in 3 items. Design and conduct an experiment to determine the number of calcium atoms that are required to write your name with a piece of chalk. Write numbers in scientific and standard notation. Solve unit conversion problems and simple algebraic equations. Create and analyze graphs. Determine the melting points of pure tetracosane, 1-tetradecanol, and a mixture of the 2 compounds. Create a graph of the melting point data to determine the eutectic temperature and estimate the percent composition of the compounds present in the mixture. Relate experimental data to molecular properties influencing melting points. Calculate the number of moles and atoms present in 3 weighed samples. Determine the moles of water released by hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. Analyze experimental data to determine the empirical formula of a sample of hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. Draw Lewis structures for 20 molecules. Build a VSEPR model for each molecule with a molecular modeling kit. Diagram resonance structures and classify molecules as linear, bent trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, tetrahedral, bipyramidal, or octahedral. Review the periodic table and study common polyatomic ions, strong acids, and diatomic elements. Write the names of ionic, molecular, polyatomic, and acidic compounds by interpreting chemical formulas. Determine the chemical formulas of ionic, molecular, polyatomic, and acidic compounds by interpreting their names.

6 Naming Organic Compounds Observations of Chemical Changes Oxidation-Reduction Activity Series ph of Common Materials Quantitative Spectroscope and Visible Light Reaction Order and Rate Laws Separation of a Mixture of Solids Solubility and Solubility Curves Solutions and Dilutions Recite the rules for naming organic compounds. Interpret chemical structures to name the organic compounds they represent. Draw the chemical structures of hydrocarbons and substituted hydrocarbons by interpreting their names. Perform 8 reactions and conduct scientific observations to describe chemical changes. Investigate the results of heating an object and burning an object using magnesium, mossy zinc, copper(ii) carbonate, and copper(ii) nitrate. Compare the heating and burning of chemicals. Elicit a redox reaction by adding a solution containing silver ions to elemental copper. Write an equation that describes the movement of electrons during a redox reaction. Observe reactions of copper, lead, and zinc to create an activity series. Extract anthocyanin pigment from red cabbage to create ph strips. Determine the ph of 12 solutions using commercial and homemade ph indicators. Categorize solutions as acids, bases, or neutral. Build and calibrate a diffraction grating spectroscope. Use the spectroscope to view the spectra of various light sources and identify continuous versus line spectra. Calculate frequency from wavelength for 7 emission lines. Conduct reactions with varying reactant concentrations and calculate reaction rates. Generate reaction rate data to determine the rate law for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate. Summarize the rate law based on a performed chemical reaction and calculate k for a given rate law. Separate a mixture into 4 components using the properties of solubility and magnetism. Calculate the percent composition of each substance present in a mixture of solids. Create a solubility curve for aqueous ammonium chloride and compare to the published solubility curve of sodium chloride. Determine the solubility and miscibility of 5 compounds. Infer the polarity of a molecule based on its miscibility in water. Prepare a concentrated sugar solution and calculate the concentration using volume percent. Use this stock solution to make four dilutions. Make observations regarding the physical properties of the dilutions and calculate the concentration of each solution.

7 States of Matter Stereochemistry 1: Structural Isomerism Stereochemistry 2: Stereoisomerism Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction Synthesis and Analysis of Soap Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar Ultraviolet Radiation and Sunscreen Using Buffers Using the Scientific Method to Identify Unknowns Measure the melting point of tetradecanol. Measure temperature and create a heating curve to determine the melting point and boiling point of water. Immerse zinc metal in hydrochloric acid to produce a gas that will be tested by exposing a small amount of the gas to a flame. Construct models of simple hydrocarbons, aromatics, aldehydes, and ketones using a modeling kit. Compare molecular models and identify structural isomers. Relate structural formulas to three-dimensional molecules. Construct models of geometric and optical isomers using a modeling kit. Compare molecular models to identify stereoisomers. Relate molecular arrangements to the chemical properties of stereoisomers. Use stoichiometry to determine the amount of reactant needed to create the maximum amount of product in a precipitation reaction. Perform a precipitation reaction and measure the precipitate. Calculate the percent yield of a precipitation reaction and compare the value to the theoretical yield. Synthesize 4 soaps from plant oils by performing saponification reactions. Analyze the effectiveness of synthesized soaps in distilled and hard water. Compare the performance of soaps and a commercial detergent in experimental conditions and relate findings to chemical properties of the oils, including saturation and polarity. Apply titration techniques on a sample of commercial vinegar using sodium hydroxide. Calculate the molar concentration and percent concentration of acetic acid in commercial vinegar. Test the effectiveness of 3 commercial sunscreens using ultraviolet-sensitive beads. Compare the effectiveness of active ingredients classified as chemical agents versus physical agents. Synthesize 2 sunscreens with varying concentrations of zinc oxide and test their effectiveness. Create an acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution. Evaluate buffering capacity in response to additions of concentrated and dilute acids and bases. Apply the scientific method to address 2 real-world problems. Construct hypotheses and collect qualitative and quantitative data from systematic observations of 5 white, solid substances. Design a controlled experiment, conduct observations, and draw conclusions about the identities of 3 unknown substances.

8 Water, ph, and Buffers Investigate the properties of cohesion and adhesion in water and demonstrate how these properties contribute to surface tension and capillary action. Extract the anthocyanin pigment from red cabbage to create ph strips. Measure the ph of common household items with commercial and homemade indicators. Investigate the effect of buffers on a living system by graphing ph changes for unbuffered and buffered solutions. *An optional molecular modeling kit can be added to this experiment for students to build organic compounds.

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