The Periodic Table Day 1

Transcription

1 The Periodic Table Day 1 I will be able to define: metals, non-metals, metalloids, period, group, chemical family I will be able to locate metals, non-metals and metalloids on the periodic table. I will be able identify metals and non-metals in the lab. Periods vs. Groups: Periods are rows on the Periodic Table. Groups are columns on the Periodic Table. Properties of Metals: Shiny Conduct at room temp. (except mercury) Can be made into or React with Properties of Non-Metals: Usually a at room temp. or a dull, brittle. Poor conductor of and.

2 Properties of Metalloids: Part metal, part non-metal at room temp. Some are (which means at higher temps they will conduct electricity). This is why is used in computer chips. Many are arsenic for example. Where Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids are Found on the Periodic Table: Metals are to the of the staircase line Non-Metals are to the of the staircase line Metalloids are found the staircase line.

3 Becoming a Metal Detective Investigation Testable Question Can the testing of four properties (malleability, magnetic character, lustre and electrical conductivity) be used to correctly identify a substance as a metal or non-metal? Hypothesis From your experience, make a prediction of how you think metals and non-metals will react by filling in the chart: Lustre (how shiny it is) Malleability (can it be hammered into sheets) Magnetic character (will it be attracted to a magnet?) Electrical conductivity (will it conduct electricity?) Materials: Safety goggles Magnet Metal Non-Metal Conductivity apparatus Samples to test Procedure: 1. Put on your safety goggles. 2. Select 1 sample to test first. Write its name in your observation table. 3. Hold the magnet near the sample. Record what happens in your table. 4. Connect the sample to the conductivity apparatus. Record what happens in your table. 5. Using your fingers, can you flatten the object? Record your observations. 6. Using your fingers, can you bend the object? Record your observations. 7. Look at the sample, it is dull or shiny or in between? Record your observations. 8. Repeat #3-7 for 3 other samples. 9. Tidy your work station, wash your hands and remove your goggles. 10. Complete the analysis questions.

4 Observation Table: Sample Magnet Test Electrical Test Can it be flattened? Can it bend? Lustre Metal or Non- Metal? Analysis: 1. Which properties could be used to identify all metals? 2. Did your observations support your predictions? Which were correct? Which were incorrect? 3. Why is it necessary to use more than one property to identify metals and non-metals?

5 The Periodic Table Day 2 I will be able identify metals and non-metals in the lab. Families of the Periodic Table Alkali Metals Found in (except Hydrogen!) Soft metals that react with to produce flammable hydrogen gas. reactive Families of the Periodic Table Alkaline Earth Metals Found in Soft metals that react with to produce basic solutions (ph is greater than 7) Fairly reactive, but less so than alkali metals. What did you see when Calcium was mixed with water? Why did this happen? Families of the Periodic Table - Halogens Found in Highly reactive When mixed with water they produce solutions (ph less than 7) Another common use of these elements is in halogen lights. These lights are very bright, but also give off a great deal of thermal energy ( ). Families of the Periodic Table Noble Gases Found in Very Can be used in signs as they give off, light.

6 Key Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Halogens Nobel gases Questions: 1. What properties of metals makes them useful in these applications? (a) Aluminum is used to make the outside surface of some car doors. (b) thin gold wires are used to connect one part of a computer chip to another. (c) The bottoms of some frying pans are made of copper. 2. Nitrogen becomes a liquid at 196 C. A rubber ball placed in liquid nitrogen becomes very brittle. What do you think would happen if you tried to bounce the ball? 3. Describe the location of the metalloids on the periodic table.

7 Across 1 Nobel gas with 2 protons. 4 The element we need to breathe. 5 element with 11 protons 7 Nobel gas used to make signs. 8 2nd place in the Olympics. 10 An important element in bones, also in group 2 13 A radioactive element often used in nuclear power stations, its symbol is U 14 Poison gas in WWI and it s a halogen. 15 A famous poison that turns your tongue black As 17 Au 18 The non-metal element diamonds are made from. 19 atomic number Down 2 Heavy metal used in paints, batteries, and radiation shields, Pb 3 The most common element in the universe, H 6 A liquid metal that was used in thermometers. 7 element with 7 protons 9 A component of gunpowder that smells like rotten eggs, it s a non-metal 11 a metal with 13 protons 12 A metal used in electrical wires. 15 A noble gas in period 3 16 Element used to make semi-conductors (computer chips).