What s Your Reaction? Types of Reactions

Transcription

1 LESSON 6 What s Your Reaction? Types of Reactions Name Date Period ACTIVITY Purpose To find patterns in the types of chemical equations and to classify a reaction by type. Materials Toxic Reactions cards Part 1: Sorting Chemical Equations Use the Toxic Reactions cards from Lesson 1: Toxic Reactions. Sort the cards according to the directions for Questions 1 through 4, then answer the questions. 1. Find all the cards that have only one product formed in the reaction. List the letters on the cards. a. Describe how the atoms rearrange in these reactions. b. Why do you think these reactions are called combination reactions? 2. Find all the cards that have a reactant that is an elemental metal. List the letters on the cards. a. Describe how the atoms rearrange in these reactions. b. Why do you think these reactions are called single exchange reactions? 3. Consider all the cards that have a reactant that is an ionic compound. List the letters on the cards. a. Describe how the atoms rearrange in these reactions. b. Why do you think these reactions are called double exchange reactions? 20 Unit 4 Toxins Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Masters: Units 4 6 Lesson 6 Worksheet 2010 Key Curriculum Press

2 4. Examine all the remaining cards. a. Verify that these reactions involve reactants that are molecules. List the letters on the cards. b. Describe how the atoms rearrange in these reactions. c. Classify these reactions to the best of your ability. 5. 2H 2 O 2 (l) 2H 2 O(l) O 2 (g) Why do you think this reaction is called a decomposition reaction? Part 2: Classifying Reactions 1. Classify each reaction as combination, decomposition, single exchange, or double exchange. a. Fill in any missing reactants or products. b. Balance the equation if necessary. Reaction Type N 2 (g) H 2 (g) 2NH 3 (g) C 2 H 4 (g) H 2 (g) CaCO 3 (s) CaO(s) CO 2 (g) Cl 2 (g) CaI 2 (s) I 2 (s) NaOH(aq) HCl(aq) H 2 O(l) 2KClO 3 (s) Mg(s) 2HCl(aq) 2KCl(s) 3O 2 (g) H 2 (g) AgNO 3 (aq) KCl(aq) AgCl(s) 2. List six molecules in the reactions in the table. 3. List six ionic compounds in the reactions in the table. 4. Making Sense You can remove the toxin carbon monoxide, CO(g), from the air through a reaction with oxygen, O 2, to produce carbon dioxide, CO 2 (g). Write a balanced chemical equation for this combination reaction. Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Masters: Units 4 6 Unit 4 Toxins Key Curriculum Press Lesson 6 Worksheet

3 TOXIC REACTIONS CARDS A Phosgene, COCl 2 B Formaldehyde, CH 2 O Biological weapon in World War I In the production of plywood and carpeting Damages eyes, nose, throat, and lungs COCl 2 (g) H 2 O(l) 2HCl(aq) CO 2 (g) Phosgene gas reacts with water from tears, saliva, or mucus to produce aqueous hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide gas. 2CH 2 O(aq) O 2 (g) 2CH 2 O 2 (aq) Aqueous formaldehyde reacts with oxygen gas to produce aqueous formic acid in the blood. C Thallium oxide, Tl 2 O D Ammonia, NH 3 In the creation of clay pottery and ceramics Often found in household cleaning supplies Damages eyes, nose, throat, lungs Tl 2 O(s) 2HCl(aq) 2TlCl(aq) H 2 O(l) Solid thallium (I) oxide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to form aqueous thallium (I) chloride and water. NH 3 (g) H 2 O(l) NH 4 OH(aq) Ammonia gas reacts with water (tears, saliva, mucus) to produce aqueous ammonium hydroxide. 4 Unit 4 Toxins Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Masters: Units 4 6 Lesson 1 Card Masters 2010 Key Curriculum Press

4 E Nitric oxide, NO F Ethanol, C 2 H 6 O Produced by automobile engines and lightning As automobile fuel; found in alcoholic beverages Damages eyes, nose, throat, lungs 4NO(g) O 2 (g) 2H 2 O(l) 4HNO 2 (aq) C 2 H 6 O(aq) O 2 (g) C 2 H 4 O 2 (aq) H 2 O(l) Nitric oxide gas reacts with water (tears, saliva, mucus) and oxygen gas to produce aqueous nitrous acid. Aqueous ethanol reacts with oxygen gas to produce aqueous acetic acid and water in the blood. G Chlorine, Cl 2 H Mercury sulfide, HgS In water purification, disinfectants, and bleach Damages eyes, nose, throat, and lungs Cl 2 (g) H 2 O(l) HOCl(aq) HCl(aq) As a red paint pigment HgS(s) 2HCl(aq) HgCl 2 (s) H 2 S(aq) Chlorine gas reacts with water (tears, saliva, mucus) to produce aqueous hypochlorous acid and aqueous hydrochloric acid. Solid mercury (II) sulfide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce solid mercury (II) chloride and aqueous hydrogen sulfide. Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Masters: Units 4 6 Unit 4 Toxins Key Curriculum Press Lesson 1 Card Masters

5 I Ethylene glycol, C 2 H 6 O 2 J Lead carbonate, PbCO 3 As antifreeze in automobiles In house paint until 1978 C 2 H 6 O 2 (aq) O 2 (g) C 2 H 4 O 3 (aq) H 2 O(l) PbCO 3 (s) 2HCl(aq) PbCl 2 (aq) H 2 CO 3 (aq) Aqueous ethylene glycol reacts with oxygen gas to produce aqueous glycolic acid and water in the blood. Solid lead (II) carbonate reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce aqueous lead (II) chloride and carbonic acid. K Sodium oxalate, Na 2 C 2 O 4 L Lead, Pb In certain foods: chocolate, peanuts, spinach, beets, rhubarb, berries Formerly in household paint, toys, plumbing, and car bodies Kidney stones Na 2 C 2 O 4 (aq) CaCl 2 (aq) CaC 2 O 4 (s) 2NaCl(aq) Aqueous sodium oxalate reacts with aqueous calcium chloride to produce solid calcium oxalate and aqueous sodium chloride. Pb(s) 2HCl(aq) PbCl 2 (aq) H 2 (g) Solid lead reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce aqueous lead (II) chloride and hydrogen gas. 6 Unit 4 Toxins Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Masters: Units 4 6 Lesson 1 Card Masters 2010 Key Curriculum Press

6 M Arsenic, As N Oxalic acid, C 2 H 2 O 4 In agricultural insecticides; found in contaminated groundwater Natural ingredient of many plants and foods, including black pepper, parsley, and rhubarb Kidney stones 2As(s) 6HCl(aq) 2AsCl 3 (aq) 3H 2 (g) C 2 H 2 O 4 (aq) CaCl 2 (aq) CaC 2 O 4 (s) 2HCl(aq) Solid arsenic reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid (stomach acid) to produce aqueous arsenic trichloride and hydrogen gas. Aqueous oxalic acid reacts with aqueous calcium chloride to produce solid calcium oxalate and aqueous hydrochloric acid. O Methanol, CH 4 O P Sodium phosphate, Na 3 PO 4 As a fuel in dragsters, sprint cars, and model airplanes CH 4 O(aq) O 2 (g) CH 2 O 2 (aq) H 2 O(l) Aqueous methanol reacts with oxygen to produce aqueous formic acid and water in the blood. As a cleaning agent, degreaser, and laxative Kidney stones 2Na 3 PO 4 (aq) 3CaCl 2 (aq) Ca 3 PO 4 2 (s) 6NaCl(aq) Aqueous sodium phosphate reacts with aqueous calcium chloride to produce solid calcium phosphate and aqueous sodium chloride. Living By Chemistry Teaching and Classroom Masters: Units 4 6 Unit 4 Toxins Key Curriculum Press Lesson 1 Card Masters